This thesis explores acculturation and resistance to British colonial ideology in the identity formation of indigenous elite in the "princely state" of Travancore in South India at the end of nineteenth century. The category "caste" shifted in this period from a passive term associated solely with religion to a term that could manifest political power and identity in society. Notions of gender, race, and class played an important role in this transformative process. Connected to this was a group of elite, English-educated, middle class men that organized themselves under "Nair caste" and attempted to gain hegemony in the cultural realm. They attempted to recreate their identity and their relationship to society in the areas of history, law, and vernacular print capitalism. The development of a gendered public sphere aided, shaped, and was a catalyst for this reconceptualization of society and group identity during this time period.