Introduction
Important facts about the advanced placement examination in chemistry
Test content and distribution
Format of the examination
Chemical calculations
Calculator policy
Scoring of the examination
How to use this review book
Organizing your review
What to expect of the AP chemistry examination
How to maximize your score
Final preparation for the exam
Diagnostic Tests
Diagnostic Test 1
Diagnostic Test 2
Diagnostic Test 3
Part 1: Structure Of Matter
Structure of the Atom
Review of important discoveries about the Atom
Experiments describing the structure of the Atom
Atomic structure
Bohr Model of the Atom
Electronic configurations
Practice exercises
Periodic Table
Modern periodic table
Periodic properties of the Elements
Practice exercises
Nuclear Chemistry
Radioactivity
Nuclear reactions and equations
Predicting radioactivity and radioactive decay
Natural radioactive Isotopes
Artificial radioactive Isotopes
transmutation
Rate of radioactive decay
Nuclear fission
Nuclear fusion
Practice exercises
Part 2: Chemical Bonding
Ionic Compounds, Formulas, and Reactions
Chemical formulas
Chemical reactions and equations
Bonding
Practice exercises
Covalent compounds, formulas, and structure
Covalent molecules
Lewis structures of Molecules
Molecular geometry
Molecular polarity
Covalent bond formation
Practice exercises
Stoichiometry
Conversion calculations using the dimensional analysis method
Chemical equalities and relationships
Conversion sequence
Percent composition
Empirical formulas
Molecular formulas
Other Stoichiometric equations
Practice exercises
Part 3: States Of Matter
Gases
Development of the ideal Gas Law
Ideal Gas Law
Standard temperature and pressure
Molar mass, density, and molar volume
Kinetic molecular theory
Average kinetic energies and velocities
Real gases
Dalton's Law of partial pressures
Gas measurements
Experiments involving gases
Practice exercises
Liquids And Solids
Comparison of liquids and solids to gases
Intermolecular forces
Physical properties of liquids
Solids
Phase changes and phase diagrams
Practice exercises
Solutions
Introduction and definitions
Solubility and the solution process
Aqueous solutions
Concentrations of solutions
Concentration-conversion calculations
Effect of temperature on solubility
Effect of pressure on solubility
Colligative properties of solutions
Colligative properties of electrolytes
Practice exercises
Part 4: Physical Chemistry
Chemical equilibrium
Equilibrium Law
Manipulating the Equilibrium Law
Determining the value of the Equilibrium constant
Using the Equilibrium Law
Equilibrium calculations
Special equilibrium constants
Le Chatelier's principle
Practice exercises
Kinetics
Reaction rates
Factors that affect reaction rates
Applications of selected rate laws
Theory of reaction rates
Reaction mechanisms
Practice exercises
Thermodynamics
Essential definitions
Types of energy
Measurement of energy
First law of Thermodynamics
Entropy and the second law of Thermodynamics
Gibbs Free-energy,
Practice exercises
Part 5: Chemical Reactions
Oxidation-reduction reactions and electrochemistry
Oxidation numbers
Balancing redox reactions
Common Oxidation-reduction reactions
Stoichiometry of Redox reactions
Electrochemistry
Important Oxidation-reduction reactions
Practice exercises
Acids and Bases
Acid-base theories
Acid-base nomenclature
Acids
Bases
Anhydrides of Acids and Bases
Neutralization reactions
Polyprotic Acids
Bronsted-Lowry Theory; conjugate Acid-Base pairs
Lewis Acids and Bases; complexation reactions
Quantitative Acid-Base chemistry
Practice exercises
Organic Chemistry and Polymers
Carbon
Carbon-Hydrogen compounds
Side chains and functional groups
Systematic nomenclature for Organic Compounds
Organic reactions
Polymers
Practice exercises
Experimental Chemistry
Data gathering
Calculations
Graphs
Determination of physical properties
Sample manipulations
Separation techniques
Instrumental techniques
Experimental reactions
Qualitative analysis of inorganic Ions
Chemical hazards
Safety principles and equipment
Practice exercises
Practice Tests
Practice Test: 1
Practice Test: 2
Practice Test: 3
Appendices
Appendix 1: Answer explanations for end-of-chapter questions
Appendix 2: Electronic configurations of the elements
Appendix 3: Thermodynamic Data for Selected Elements, Compounds, and Ions (25℗ʻC)
Appendix 4: Ionization Constants of Weak Acids
Appendix 5: Ionization constants of Polyprotic Acids
Appendix 6: Ionization constants of weak bases
Appendix 7: Solubility Product Constants
Glossary
Index.