1. Introduction Page 1 1.1. Why Dynamic Languages? Page 1 1.2. What's Groovy? Page 4 1.3. Why Groovy? Page 5 1.4. What's in This Book? Page 8 1.5. Who Is This Book For? Page 11 1.6. Acknowledgements Page 11 I. Beginning Groovy Page 15 2. Getting Started Page 17 2.1. getting Groovy Page 17 2.2. Installing Groovy Page 18 2.3. Test-Drive Using groovysh Page 19 2.4. Using groovyConsolr Page 20 2.5. Running Groovy on the Command Line Page 21 2.6. Using an IDE Page 22 3. Groovy for the Java Eyes Page 25 3.1. From Java to Groovy Page 25 3.2. Optional Parameters Page 38 3.3. Optional Parameters Page 38 3.5. Groovy boolean Evaluation Page 43 3.6. Operator Overloading Page 44 3.7. Support of Java 5 Language Features Page 47 3.8. Gotchas Page 55 4. Dynamic Typing Page 63 4.1. Typing in Java Page 63 4.2. Dynamic Typing Page 66 4.3. Dynamic Typing != Weak Typing Page 67 4.4. Design by Capability Page 68 4.5. Optional Typing Page 74 4.6. Types in Groovy Page 74 4.7. Multimethods Page 75 4.8. Dynamic: To Be or Not to Be? Page 79 5. Using Closures Page 81 5.1. Closures Page 81 5.2. Use of Closures Page 85 5.3. Working with Closures Page 87 5.4. Closure and Resource Cleanup Page 87 5.5. Closures and Coroutines Page 90 5.6. Curried Closure Page 91 5.7. Dynamic Closures Page 94 5.8. Closure Delegation Page 96 5.9. Using Closures Page 99 6. Working with Strings Page 101 6.1. Literals and Expressions Page 101 6.2. GString Lazy Evaluation Problem Page 104 6.3. Multiline String Page 108 6.4. String Convenience Methods Page 110 6.5. Regular Expressions Page 111 7. Working with Collections Page 115 7.1. Using List Page 115 7.2. Iterating Over an ArrayList Page 117 7.3. Finder Methods Page 120 7.4. collections' Convenience Methods Page 121 7.5. Using Map Page 124 7.6. Iterating Over Map Page 126 7.7. Map Convenience Methods Page 128 II. Using Groovy Page 131 8. Exploring the GDK Page 133 8.1. Object Extensions Page 133 8.2. Other Extensions Page 139 9. Working with XML Page 147 9.1. Parsing XML Page 147 9.2. Creating XML Page 152 10. Working with Databases Page 157 10.1. Connecting to a Database Page 158 10.2. Database Select Page 159 10.3. Transforming Data to XML Page 160 10.4. Using DataSet Page 161 10.5. Inserting and Updating Page 162 10.6. Accessing Microsoft Excel Page 162 11. Working with Scripts and Classes Page 165 11.1. The Melting Pot of Java and Groovy Page 165 11.2. Running Groovy Page 166 11.3. Using Groovy Classes from Groovy Page 167 11.4. Using Groovy Classes from Java Page 168 11.5. Using Java Classes from Groovy Page 169 11.6. Using Groovy Scripts from Groovy Page 171 11.7. Using Groovy Scripts from Java Page 173 11.8. Ease of Integration Page 175 III. MOPping Groovy Page 177 12. Exploring Meta-Object Protocol (MOP) Page 179 12.1. Groovy Object Page 180 12.2. Querying Methods and Properties Page 185 12.3. Dynamically Accessing Objects Page 187 13. Intercepting Methods Using MOP Page 189 13.1. Intercepting Methods Using GroovyInterceptable Page 189 13.2. Intercepting Methods Using MetaClass Page 192 14. MOP Method Injection and Synthesis Page 197 14.1. Injecting Methods Using Categories Page 198 14.2. Injecting Methods Using ExpandoMetaClass Page 203 14.3. Injecting Methods into Specific Instances Page 207 14.4. Method Synthesis Using methodMissing Page 209 14.5. Method Synthesis Using ExpandoMetaClass Page 214 14.6. Synthesizing Methods for Specific Instances Page 217 15. MOPping Up Page 219 15.1. Creating Dynamic Classes with Expando Page 219 15.2. Method Delegation: Putting It All Together Page 222 15.3. Review of MOP Techniques Page 226 16. Unit Testing and Mocking Page 229 16.1. Code in This Book and Automated Unit Tests Page 229 16.2. Unit testing Java and Groovy Code Page 231 16.3. Testing for Exceptions Page 235 16.4. Mocking Page 236 16.5. Mocking by Overriding Page 239 16.6. Mocking Using Categories Page 243 16.7. Mocking Using expandoMetaClass Page 244 16.8. Mocking Using Expando Page 246 16.9. Mocking Using Map Page 248 16.10. Mocking Using the Groovy Mock Library Page 249 17. Groovy Builders Page 255 17.1. Building XML Page 255 17.2. Building Swing Page 259 17.3. Custom Builder Suing Metaprogramming Page 260 17.4. Using BuilderSupport Page 263 17.5. Using FactoryBuilderSupport Page 267 18. Creating DSLs in Groovy Page 273 18.1. Context Page 273 18.2. Fluency Page 275 18.3. Types of DSLs Page 276 18.4. Designing Internal DSLs Page 277 18.5. Groovy and DSLs Page 277 18.6. Closures and DSLs Page 278 18.7. Method Interception and DSLs Page 279 18.8. The Parentheses Limitation and a Workaround Page 281 18.9. Categories and DSLs Page 282 A. Web Resources Page 287 B. Bibliography Page 293 Index Page 295