An edition of Relativity in Curved Spacetime (2007)

Relativity in Curved Spacetime

Relativity in Curved Spacetime
Eric Baird
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Last edited by Eric Baird
August 20, 2010 | History
An edition of Relativity in Curved Spacetime (2007)

Relativity in Curved Spacetime

This book is excellent!
by BookReview.com

In this excellent discussion of relativity theory, Eric Baird introduces the reader to the history and practice of relativity theory, jauntily condensing and critiquing centuries of research as he builds his accompanying argument: that Albert Einstein's 1905 flat-spacetime special theory cannot be fully reconciled with emerging concepts of curved spacetime, and that a more general and flexible theory is required to account for the paradoxes and pseudo paradoxes implicit in Special Relativity.

Eyes glazing over already? Take heart. The book opens with a lucid and understandable primer on "Background" physics, introducing us neophytes to the central actors of the relativity drama: light, gravity, space, time and relativity itself. Once thus fortified, the reader is then prepared to penetrate denser matter. Although it can be slow going at times, the work proves surprisingly readable, and is mapped so that you can easily move back and forth in the text to refresh your understanding. It is also beautifully referenced and indexed so that you can check out Baird's many distinguished sources. Dozens of little illustrations, graphs and diagrams can be found throughout, providing excellent aids for conceptualization. In addition, Baird ornaments his discussions and section introductions with lively and thought-provoking quotes from scientists, poets, Lewis Carroll, and even Peter Sellers' obtuse detective Inspector Clouseau.

With Baird as our guide, we dopple through the workshop of quantum mechanics, navigate the vortices of black holes, explore the nooks and cranies of theory past and present, and join in the mysterious dance of the observer and the observed. Along the way, Baird postulates plausible flaws in the theories of physics giants like Issac Newton and Albert Einstein, and sheds light on the sometimes subjective manner in which scientific theory has historically evolved. A special target is Einstein's work, in particular the critical dependence of Einstein's Special Relativity theory on the assumption of flat-space time. "What if a general theory of relativity is not reducible to Einstein's original 1905 theory?" Baird asks. It is a question of some gravity.

All this, of course, can be somewhat consciousness warping for those of us who nearly failed physics 101. Fortunately, for all those brave enough to plunge in and persist, Baird has written a lucid primer on contemporary physics and relativity theory, which any attentive layperson can digest. At the same time he makes his case for "Life without Special Relativity" in language that is transparent, and enlightening. Whether you agree with him or not, you will know a lot more about physics when you finish this book than you did when you picked it up. Anyone fascinated with relativity, or seeking a deeper understanding of the subject will profit from reading Relativity in Curved Spacetime.

Publish Date
Language
English
Pages
394

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Edition Availability
Cover of: Relativity in Curved Spacetime
Relativity in Curved Spacetime
2008, Chocolate Tree Books
Hardcover
Cover of: Relativity in Curved Spacetime
Relativity in Curved Spacetime
2007, Chocolate Tree Books
Paperback in English

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Book Details


Table of Contents

Overview. vi
Table of Contents. vii
Welcome. xiii
About the Author. xiv
Notes to the First Edition. xiv
Acknowledgements and Credits. xv
Abbreviations. xvi
PART I. BACKGROUND PHYSICS
Page 1
1. The Speed of Light
Page 3
1.1. Light is pretty fast
Page 5
1.2. Lightspeed varies
Page 6
1.3. Lightspeed is not just the speed of light
Page 7
1.4. Lightspeed affects inertia
Page 8
1.5. Lightspeed controls timeflow
Page 8
1.6. Lightspeed is locally constant
Page 8
1.7. Lightspeed is now defined as constant
Page 9
1.8. The gravity well
Page 9
1.9. Light travels in straight lines. Except when it doesn't
Page 11
1.10. Light used to define a straight line
Page 12
2. Gravity, Energy and Mass
Page 13
2.1. What is mass?
Page 15
2.2. Does light have mass?
Page 16
2.3. Genie in a bottle: Thought-experiments with bottled light
Page 17
2.4. Difficulty of detecting the effect
Page 19
2.5. Mass-to-energy conversion
Page 20
2.6. History of E=mc²
Page 21
2.7. Energy has mass, period
Page 22
3. Curved Space and Time
Page 23
3.1. Gravity is … what, exactly?
Page 25
3.2. Gravity bends light
Page 25
3.3. Gravity warps geometry
Page 26
3.4. Gravity as a variation in inertia
Page 28
3.5. Energy-change in light due to gravity
Page 28
3.6. Gravitational redshifts and blueshifts
Page 29
3.7. Gravitational time dilation
Page 30
3.8. Not just curved space, but curved spacetime
Page 32
4. Relativity
Page 33
4.1. Relativity of space
Page 35
4.2. Relativity of time
Page 35
4.3. Relativity of velocity
Page 36
4.4. Isaac Newton's "Principia"
Page 37
4.5. Mach and relativity
Page 38
4.6. Practical advantages of "relativistic" arguments
Page 39
4.7. Applying Occam's Razor
Page 39
4.8. Different "Principles of Relativity"
Page 40
4.9. Causes of confusion
Page 41
4.10. Relativity of acceleration
Page 42
4.11. Relative acceleration vs. absolute acceleration
Page 43
4.12. Relativity of rotation
Page 45
4.13. "Centrifugal" and "Coriolis" fields
Page 45
4.14. Rotational dragging
Page 47
4.15. Experimental verification
Page 49
4.16. Equivalence principles
Page 50
5. The Newtonian Catastrophe
Page 51
5.1. Newton's unification scheme
Page 53
5.2. The lightspeed mistake
Page 54
5.3. The "space-density" mistake
Page 54
5.4. The light-energy mistake
Page 55
5.5. Loss of wave-particle duality
Page 55
5.6. Newton vs. Huyghens
Page 56
5.7. The lightspeed trap
Page 57
5.8. Consequences for physics
Page 59
PART II. EFFECTS due to RELATIVE MOTION
Page 61
6. Doppler Shifts
Page 63
6.1. "Stationary observer" Doppler effect
Page 65
6.2. "Stationary source" Doppler effect
Page 66
6.3. Comparisons
Page 66
6.4. Transverse Doppler effects (audio)
Page 67
6.5. Optical Doppler effects
Page 69
6.6. Longitudinal Doppler effect under Special Relativity
Page 69
6.7. Transverse Doppler effect under Special Relativity
Page 70
7. Apparent Length-Changes in Moving Objects
Page 71
7.1. Apparent changes in length
Page 73
7.2. Approaching objects appear elongated
Page 73
7.3. Receding objects appear contracted
Page 73
7.4. Degree of contraction or elongation
Page 74
7.5. Special relativity and length-changes
Page 75
7.6. Rulers and gravitation
Page 76
8. Aberration of Angles
Page 77
8.1. Aberration of Angles
Page 79
8.2. Relativistic aberration at 90 degrees
Page 80
8.3. The Relativistic Ellipse
Page 81
8.4. Putting it all together
Page 83
8.5. Relativistic ellipse: Newtonian theory
Page 83
8.6. Relativistic ellipse: Special relativity
Page 84
9. Moving bodies drag light
Page 85
9.1. Generality of dragging effects
Page 87
9.2. Naming conventions: Gravitomagnetism, frame-dragging
Page 87
9.3. Argument #1: Linear GM as a gravitational timelag effect
Page 87
9.4. Argument #2: "Effective gravitational potential" depends on relative velocity
Page 88
9.5. Argument #3: Gravitational smudging
Page 89
9.6. Argument #4: The slingshot effect
Page 89
9.7. Argument #5: Rotational GM and gravitational timelag
Page 90
9.8. Argument #6: QM and "probabilistic" smudging
Page 91
9.9. Argument #7: Experiment: The Fizeau effect
Page 91
9.10. Inconsistencies in our approach to velocity
Page 92
9.11. Cancellation and unification?
Page 94
9.12. Implementation – the tilted gravity-well
Page 95
9.13. Zeno revisited: the "impossibility" of motion
Page 96
9.14. Worldlines and curvature
Page 97
9.15. Uh-oh …
Page 98
9.16. The score chart
Page 99
9.17. "Relativistic" implementations of lightspeed constancy
Page 100
PART III. LIMITS TO OBSERVATION
Page 101
10. Quantum Mechanics and Observability
Page 103
10.1. The origin of quantum mechanics
Page 105
10.2. Is quantum mechanics a theory?
Page 106
10.3. The "Copenhagen" and "Hidden Variable" interpretations
Page 107
10.4. The two-slit experiment
Page 108
10.5. Quantum mechanics and everyday experience
Page 111
10.6. Illusion and reality
Page 112
10.7. Pair Production
Page 114
10.8. Virtual particles
Page 114
10.9. Pseudo- pair production
Page 115
11. Dark Stars and Black Holes
Page 117
11.1. John Michell's dark stars
Page 119
11.2. Properties of a compact gravitational object
Page 120
11.3. Escape velocity calculations and the gravitational horizon
Page 121
11.4. Tidal forces
Page 121
11.5. "Visiting" particles around a dark star
Page 122
11.6. Dark stars and "acoustic" metrics
Page 123
11.7. Acoustic metrics and nonlinearity
Page 124
11.8. Black holes under GR1915
Page 125
11.9. The Kerr black hole
Page 129
11.10. The expansion problem
Page 130
11.11. The acceleration problem
Page 130
11.12. Black holes according to Quantum Mechanics
Page 131
11.13. Hawking radiation
Page 132
11.14. Pair-production and pseudo-pair-production
Page 133
11.15. Attempts to eliminate the "dark star" explanation
Page 134
11.16. Acoustic metrics, once again
Page 135
11.17. "Acceleration radiation"
Page 136
11.18. The Black Hole Information Paradox
Page 137
11.19. The BHIP and Microcausality
Page 138
11.20. "Observerspace" arguments
Page 139
11.21. The Membrane Paradigm
Page 140
11.22. Holographic arguments
Page 141
11.23. The Holographic Principle in action
Page 142
11.24. The "no-signal" problem
Page 143
11.25. The verdict
Page 144
PART IV. UPDATING STANDARD THEORY
Page 145
12. What's wrong with General Relativity?
Page 147
12.1. "Core" experimental tests of general relativity
Page 149
12.2. Experimental significance
Page 152
12.3. Incompatibility with quantum mechanics
Page 153
12.4. Fudge factor?: The Cosmological Constant
Page 154
12.5. Possible breaking of conservation laws
Page 155
12.6. Possible incompatibility with Mach's principle
Page 155
12.7. Fudge factor?: Galactic curves and Dark Matter
Page 156
12.8. Arbitrary suspension of the Equivalence Principle
Page 157
12.9. Invoking reduction to flat spacetime
Page 159
12.10. Use of tailor-made definitions
Page 160
12.11. Do cosmological horizons count as "acoustic"?
Page 163
12.12. Doppler effects and the Black Hole Information Paradox
Page 164
12.13. Grand unification?
Page 165
12.14. Gravitomagnetic incompatibility?
Page 167
12.15. Complexity
Page 168
12.16. Is GR1915 scientifically falsifiable?
Page 169
12.17. Blaming special relativity
Page 170
13. Horrible Nasty Mathematics
Page 171
13.1. A family of relativistic theories
Page 173
13.2. Selecting a reference theory
Page 174
13.3. Defining the range
Page 174
13.4. Ellipses
Page 175
13.5. Special relativity as a special solution
Page 175
13.6. Positive values of © and positive curvature
Page 176
13.7. Rejecting negative solutions for ©
Page 176
13.8. Gravitomagnetism suggests positive ©
Page 177
13.9. Graphed Doppler responses
Page 177
13.10. Setting "one" as a higher limit for ©
Page 178
13.11. Using the BHIP to set a minimum of "one" for ©
Page 178
13.12. Oops?
Page 179
13.13. Preliminary conclusions
Page 180
PART V. Flat Spacetime and Special Relativity
Page 181
14. Einstein's "special" theory of relativity
Page 183
14.1. The birth of special relativity
Page 185
14.2. Failure of earlier theories …
Page 185
14.3. … "Draggable" aethers
Page 185
14.4. … Absolute aether
Page 186
14.5. Aether, either, neither neither
Page 187
14.6. Lorentz Ether Theory (LET), ® 1904
Page 188
14.7. Special relativity, 1905
Page 189
14.8. Additional interpretational overhead
Page 190
14.9. Minkowski Spacetime
Page 192
14.10. Implications of Minkowski spacetime
Page 194
15. So, what's wrong with the special theory?
Page 195
15.1. SR and Observerspace
Page 197
15.2. Is the special theory "robust"?
Page 198
15.3. Minkowski spacetime as an argument against SR.
Page 199
15.4. The "stratification" problem.
Page 200
15.5. Does SR "do" acceleration?
Page 201
15.6. Extensibility
Page 203
15.7. Cumulative redshift effects …
Page 203
15.8. … Thermal redshifts
Page 205
15.9. … Cosmological redshifts
Page 206
15.10. Round-trip effects in general
Page 208
16. Experimental Evidence for Special Relativity
Page 209
16.1. Commonly-cited evidence for special relativity
Page 211
16.2. … E=mc² 211
16.3. "Classical Theory" vs. Special Relativity
Page 212
16.4. … "Transverse" redshifts
Page 213
16.5. … "Longitudinal" Doppler shifts
Page 214
16.6. … The lightspeed upper limit in particle accelerators
Page 215
16.7. The "searchlight" effect
Page 216
16.8. Velocity-addition
Page 216
16.9. Particle tracklengths
Page 216
16.10. Muon showers
Page 217
16.11 … Particle storage rings and centrifugal time dilation. 218
16.12. deSitter / Brecher disproof of simple emission theory
Page 219
16.13. "Domain of applicability" issues
Page 220
16.14. Conclusions
Page 222
PART VI. FUTURE PHYSICS
Page 223
17. Cosmologies
Page 225
17.1. The expanding universe
Page 227
17.2. The "Big Bang"
Page 227
17.3. Spatial closure
Page 228
17.4. Expansion curves
Page 231
17.5. Cosmological time coordinates
Page 232
17.6. The Hartle-Hawking "bubble universe"
Page 234
17.7. Entropy, arrows of time, and the Big Crunch
Page 235
17.8. Extending the "bubble" model
Page 236
17.9. Variable dimensionality?
Page 237
17.10. "Mirror" and "kaleidoscope" universes
Page 237
17.11. Oranges and raspberries
Page 239
17.12. A few Multiverses
Page 240
17.13. Fractal universe arguments
Page 243
17.14. Why is the universe rational?
Page 246
17.15. The Drake Equation
Page 248
17.16. Before Event Zero
Page 249
18. Trouble with Wormholes
Page 251
18.1. What is a wormhole?
Page 253
18.2. "Spacetime surgery" and simple optics
Page 253
18.3. Wormhole instability?
Page 254
18.4. The distance problem.
Page 256
18.5. The ageing problem
Page 256
18.6. The "antihorizon" problem
Page 256
18.7. "Anti-wormholes" and spatial reversal
Page 257
18.8. The Kerr wormhole
Page 260
18.9. The fieldline problem.
Page 261
18.10. The gravity problem.
Page 261
18.11. Wormhole politics
Page 262
18.12. The time-connection problem
Page 262
18.13. Wormhole time travel?
Page 263
18.14. Mistaken time machine behaviour
Page 264
18.15. Quantum foam
Page 265
18.16. Scale-dependent topology
Page 266
18.17. Pseudowormholes
Page 266
18.18. Does quantum foam contain only pseudowormholes?
Page 268
18.19. Do wormholes exist at all?
Page 268
19. Metric Engineering and Warp Drives
Page 269
19.1. "Space bungees" and regenerative braking
Page 271
19.2. Boomeranging
Page 272
19.3. Exotic-matter drives
Page 273
19.4. The negative-field problem
Page 274
19.5. Ultrafast travel using simple gravity
Page 275
19.6. The "cresting" problem
Page 276
19.7. The Krasnikov tube
Page 277
19.8. Warpfield Hawking radiation?
Page 278
19.9. The "acoustics" analogue
Page 279
19.10. Simple warpfield generators
Page 281
19.11. Toroidal configurations
Page 282
19.12. Cancellation and non-cancellation
Page 283
19.13. The 2-spin torus
Page 284
19.14. Self-refraction and cross-refraction
Page 286
19.15. General field-refraction issues
Page 287
19.16. Momentum conversion
Page 288
19.17. "Reactionless" drives and deferred momentum
Page 289
19.18. Can we build a working warp drive?
Page 289
PART VII. THE HUMAN FACTOR
Page 291
20. Limitations of language and procedure
Page 293
20.1. The order in which things are written
Page 295
20.2. Lightspeed, velocity, and language traps
Page 295
20.3. Fractured logic
Page 297
20.4. Logic traps and logical black holes
Page 298
20.5. More examples of circular thinking
Page 300
20.6. Is consistency all it's cracked up to be?
Page 302
20.7. "First answer" syndrome
Page 303
20.8. Life, Death, and the Square Root of Two
Page 304
20.9. The story of Pi
Page 305
20.10. Pi and global extinction
Page 307
20.11. Naming rituals, binary logic and Giant Pandas
Page 308
20.12. Intransitive logics
Page 309
20.13. Complex logical spaces
Page 310
20.14. Intransitive ordering and gravitation
Page 312
20.15. "Certainty" parameters
Page 314
20.16. Living with uncertainty
Page 315
20.17. Conclusions
Page 316
21. The Perils of Experimentation
Page 317
21.1. Evaluating science neutrality
Page 319
21.2. Perception filters
Page 321
21.3. System bias and "v1.0" syndrome
Page 323
21.4. Safety in numbers
Page 325
21.5. Accident reporting
Page 326
21.6. Quantum sociology?
Page 327
21.7. Pattern Recognition and group decisionmaking
Page 328
21.8. Market Forces
Page 331
21.9. Physics nightmares
Page 333
22. Conclusions
Page 335
22.1. SR-based or NM-based physics?
Page 337
22.2. The fork in the road
Page 339
22.3. Warning signs
Page 339
22.4. Mathematical "truth" vs. relevance
Page 344
22.5. Alternative alternatives
Page 346
22.6. Life after special relativity
Page 346
PART VIII. Calculations, References and Index
Page 347
Calculations 1. Doppler shifts
Page 348
Calculations 2. E=mc² from Newtonian mechanics
Page 350
Calculations 3. Non-SR transverse Doppler effect / "Aberration redshift"
Page 352
Calculations 4. The "Box of Frogs" depiction of classical Hawking radiation
Page 354
Calculations 5. Comparison table
Page 357
Major Players. 358
Topic References. 359
General References. 365
Index. 371

Edition Notes

Published in
UK

The Physical Object

Format
Paperback
Pagination
xvi, 378
Number of pages
394
Dimensions
23.4 x 15.6 x 2.6 centimeters

ID Numbers

Open Library
OL24230235M
ISBN 10
0955706807
LCCN
2008296029
OCLC/WorldCat
181743934

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August 20, 2010 Edited by Eric Baird Update covers
August 20, 2010 Edited by Eric Baird Added new cover
August 20, 2010 Edited by Eric Baird Added new cover
August 20, 2010 Edited by Eric Baird +tags, licenced bookreview.com review
May 16, 2010 Created by 92.40.49.3 Created new work record.