The ability of uncontaminated soils to degrade pentachlorophenol (PCP), a priority pollutant, was determined. Uncontaminated soils showed a wide range of degradation rates without any obvious direct relation to specific vegetation. They were comparable to previously reported rates at pristine and even contaminated sites. PCP amended community structures were studied using 16S rDNA genes and analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). A DNA-stable isotope probing (SIP) technique was applied both in the lab and in situ. Different PCP-degrading communities were enriched on different physical substrates. Sand proved to be the best media for transfer of PCP degraders while peat moss was the poorest. The use of novel baiting cores was successful in capturing a microbial community that gave mineralization capabilities consistent with that of the surrounding soil. This study provides evidence that a broad diversity of microorganisms is involved in PCP degradation in pristine soils.