The study examined how each club taught science and technology in an environment that supported problem-based learning. The case study method was used for three robot clubs. This study found a wide range of science concepts were used by students that made LEGO(TM) robots with Mindstorms Robolab RTM. The concepts included stability, motion, forces, gears, motion, switches and mechanical efficiency. Activity theory explained the observable outcomes of problem-based learning. The following outcomes for problem-based learning were observed: usable science and technology concepts, successful problem solving, self-directed learning and collaboration. The observable outcomes of Science and Technology principles for problem-based learning were described by substantive and group processing behaviour. The data analysis was based on a grounded theory approach.