Though well publicized in Europe, and with enormous bibliographic resources in German and Spanish, on which this history principally draws, the famous Spanish Blue Division--Franco's military and diplomatic ploy in World War II--is very little known in this country, as this first full, analytical account in English attests. For nearly three years, August 1941-March 1944, 47,000 Spanish soldiers served under German command on the Russian front, two of those years continuously in the line in the siege of Leningrad. There were 22,000 casualties, of which 4,500 were killed in action or died of wounds, disease, or frostbite. Less than 300 prisoners of war finally were repatriated in 1954. The story of these Spanish volunteers told here, largely from original Spanish and German archival sources, in the graphic detail of a military history covering the major battles of the Russo-German war, gives an entirely different perspective to the siege of Leningrad which is neither Communist nor Nazi but Mediterranean. Though focusing on the military aspects of the Blue Division's campaigns, amply illustrated with maps and documented with detailed military rolls, this big book captures the highly charged diplomatic history of the time. The Spanish expeditionary force joined Army Group North as the 250th Infantry Division in the German order of battle. But in culture, command structure, and tactics, the Blue Division was worlds apart from the other elements of the Wehrmacht. Thinking of themselves as warriors, as opposed to soldiers, the Spaniards fought with great courage and dash. Masters of improvisation, they lived off the countryside, regarded the Russians as human beings, and often formed strong bonds with the peasants--so strong that the Russian population often protected the Spaniards from both the Red Army and the partisans.