An edition of Poland a Historical Atlas
(1989)
Poland a Historical Atlas
by Iwo Pogonowski
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1 atlas (321 p.) ill. 29 cm.
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Historical geography, HistoryShowing 1 featured edition. View all 1 editions?
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Poland a Historical Atlas
June 1989, Dorset Press, Dorset
Hardcover
in English
0880293942 9780880293945
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Table of Contents
Acknowledgements … 6
Contents … 7
Foreword … 9
◦
Poland, the Middle Ground … 11
Chronology of Poland’s Constitutional and Political Development (c. 840-1981) … 17
Poland’s Indigenous Democratic Process … 41
Evolution of Polish Identity—the Milestones … 45
◦
ATLAS:
◦
POLAND WITHIN WESTERN CIVILIZATION 966-1986, an Introduction … 47
Poland in Western Civilization (1004-1986) … 48
The Range of Borders of Poland in the Middle Ground of Europe … 50
The Polish Lands … 51
1986: Poland … 52
Graph: A Comparison of Polish Population Growth with All of Europe … 53
◦
HEREDITARY MONARCHY c. 840-1370 … 55
Genealogical Table of the Piast Dynasty and Marital Alliances … 56
A.D. c. 840: Founding of Polish-Polabian Piast Dynasty of the Polanians … 58
822-907: Great Moravia; 896 Arrival of the Hungarians … 59
989: Unification of Ethnic Poland by Mieszko I … 60
1004: Polish Empire within Western Christianity … 61
1004: Polish Empire of Boleslaus the Brave: Military Successes … 62
1004: Attempt to unify the Western Slavs by Boleslaus the Brave … 63
1018: Empires of Poland and Denmark within the Trade Routes … 64
1031: Independent Metropolitan See of Poland … 65
1102-1138: Military Successes of Boleslaus III … 66
1138: Feudal Crisis of Fragmentation Spreads to Poland … 67
1138-1227: Senioral System Designed by Boleslaus III … 68
1201: Fragmented Poland within Western Civilization. Beginning of German Aggression in the Baltic at Riga … 69
10th-13th Century Romanesque architecture within the borders of the Polish Kingdom … 70
1232: The States of the Silesian and Mazovian Piasts … 71
1241: Double Threat: the Mongol Empire and the German Monastic States … 72
1308: Aggression against Poland, Betrayal by the Teutonic Order; The Massacre of Gdansk … 73
1320: Kingdom of Poland of Ladislas the Short … 74
1370: Kingdom of Poland of Casimir the Great; Polish Defenses 1333-1370 … 75
1370: Kingdom of Poland of Casimir the Great; Agriculture, Mining, Industry, Towns, Immigration Routes … 76
1370: Kingdom of Poland of Casimir the Great & Polish Ethnic Borders … 77
800-1370: Territorial Development of Poland as a Hereditary Monarchy … 78
◦
TRANSITION TO CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY 1370-1493 … 79
Genealogical Table of the Jagiellonian Dynasty (c. 1275-1572 Including the Vasa Dynasty and Marital Alliances) … 80
1370-1382: The First Union of Poland with Hungary … 82
1403: German Aggression in the Baltic a Cause for Unification within Scandinavia and of Poland and Lithuania … 83
1403: Consolidation of the Union of Poland and Lithuania … 84
1410: Battle of Grunwald: Defeat of the German Monastic State … 85
1444: Battle of Varna; The End of the Second Union of Poland with Hungary 1439-1444 … 86
1454-1466: The Thirteen Year War, Recovery of Gdansk, Pomerania and Establishment of the Polish Fief of Prussia … 87
1464-1466: An Attempt by Poland, Bohemia, and Hungary to Form an Organization of United Nations of Europe … 88
1480: Poland in Dynastic Union with Lithuania and Bohemia Allied with Hungary against Moslem Aggression by Ottoman Turks and their Crimean Vassals … 89
◦
CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY 1493-1569 … 91
1493: Polish Jagiellonian Realm the Shield of Western Christianity … 92
1493: Polish Jagiellonian Realm on the Front of Turkish aggression; German and Italian Power Vacuum; Decline of the Golden Horde … 93
1493: The Jagiellonian Realm (Dates) … 94
1493: The Jagiellonian Realm of the Second Polish Dynasty within Trade Routes of Europe … 95
1495: Constitutional Kingdom of Poland a Sanctuary of the World’s Largest Jewish Community of Judeo-Germanic sub-culture … 96
1510: Copernican Universe – The Birth of Modern Astronomy … 97
1525: The Hohenzollern Homage in Cracow; Beginning of a Long Series of Hohenzollern Homages to Poland … 98
1526: Disaster at Mohacz; Death of Louis II, the Second Jagiellonian King Killed in Battle against Moslems … 99
◦
THE FIRST POLISH REPUBLIC 1569-1795 … 101
Diagram of Government Structure of the Polish Republic … 102
Table of General Elections … 103
Diagram of Autonomous Jewish Government in the Polish Republic … 104
1569: Founding of the First Polish Republic amidst Absolutist Europe … 105
1569: The Lands of the First Polish Republic … 106
1569: Political Situation during the Founding of the Republic of Poland-Lithuania … 107
1576-1582: Poland’s Victorious Campaign in War with Muscovy Russian Empire over Livonia … 108
1585-1586: Unrealized Polish Plan to Unify All the Slavs, Free the Balkans, and Evict the Moslems from Europe – the Proposed Campaign … 109
1594-1596: Nalevayko’s Uprising for Civil Rights of Ukrainian Cossacks … 110
1600: Jan Zamoyski’s Defense Line on the Danube River … 111
1605: Victory over the Swedes at Riga-Kircholm and 1610: Victory over the Russians near Moscow at Klushino; Occupation of Moscow … 112
1606-1609: Civil War to Uphold the Constitution and Social Contract of the Republic Led by Zebrzydowski … 113
1609-1618: Poland’s Victory in War with Russia; 1619-1621 Inconclusive War with Turkey … 114
1618: Republic of Poland-Lithuania the Bastion of Western Christianity … 115
1618: Grain Export – Waterways and Trade – The Index of Poland’s Economy … 116
1618: The First Polish Republic within International Trade Routes … 117
1618: Fortresses and Defense Castles … 118
1618: Languages of the Multinational Republic … 119
1644-1647: An Unrealized Plan to Eliminate Tartar Terrorism and to Free the Balkans from the Moslem Yoke … 120
1648-1651: Cossack Uprising – The End of Great Power Status of the Polish Nobles’ Republic … 121
1648-1651: Cossack Uprising – Battles and Pacts … 122
1654-1656: Muscovy and Cossack Invasion … 123
1655-1657: Swedish Invasion and Treason of Magnates … 124
1656-1657: Invasion by Sweden, Brandenburg, and Transylvania. Polish Counteroffensives … 125
1658-1667: The Republic of Poland-Lithuania-Ruthenia; 1665-1666: Rebellion Against Constitutional Reforms Led by Jerzy Lubomirski … 126
1587-1660: Swedish Expansion and Plunder … 127
1657-1667: Territorial and Population Losses of the Republic … 128
1648-1672: The Deluge of Invasions and Territorial Losses of the Republic by 1667 … 129
1667-1683: War with Turkey after the Loss of Podolia. The Last Two Great Victories of the First Polish Republic: Chocim and Vienna … 130
1683: Poland Facing Turkish and Russian Empires … 131
1683: Aug.-Sept. Sobieski’s Victorious Campaign Against Turkey … 132
1683: Sept. 12 5AM-2 PM, Sobieski’s Victory at Vienna … 133
1683: Sept. 12 2 PM-4 PM, Sobieski’s Victory at Vienna … 134
1683: Sept. 12 4 PM-10 PM, Sobieski’s Victory at Vienna … 135
1697: Rape of the Polish Election … 136
1697: Poland Succumbing to the Saxon Night of Degradation, Plunder of Polish Resources, and Nearly a Century of Economic Stagnation … 137
17th and 18th Century Headquarters of Political Machines … 138
1700-1721: Swedish-Russian War in Poland … 139
1713-1717: The Saxon Coup – Beginning of 50 Years of Russian Subversion of the Republic … 140
1717: Republic of Poland within Western Christianity. Crisis of Sovereignty. Poland Exhausted by Wars, Subversion, Anarchy and Economic Regression … 141
1733-1735: War of Polish Succession … 142
1740: Demilitarized and Neutralized Polish Republic Outflanked by the Conquest of Silesia by the Berlin Government of the New Prussia of the Hohenzollerns … 143
1745-1756: Unrealized Russian Plan to Shift Poland West by Evicting Hohenzollerns from East Prussia in Exchange for Podolia, Part of Ukraine, or Byelorussia … 144
1768-1772: War of the First Partition – Fought by the Bar Confederacy. The Birth of Modern Polish Nationalism … 145
1772: The First Partition of Poland During National Rebirth … 146
1773: The School System under the First Ministry of Education in Europe … 147
1792-1793: War of the Second Partition … 148
1793: The Second Partition of Poland … 149
1794: War of the Third Partition – Kosciuszko Insurrection … 150
1795: The Third Partition of Poland … 151
1795: Total Obliteration of the Republic – Territorial Losses since 1618 … 152
1795: Europe after Obliteration of Poland. The Short Lived High Water Mark of German Expansion on the Slavic Territory … 153
1768-1795: Struggle for Liberty in Poland and America … 154
1776-1783: Campaigns of Polish Soldiers of Liberty in American War of Independence … 155
1386-1772: Territorial Development of the Union of Poland-Lithuania … 156
◦
THE CENTURY OF PARTITIONS 1795-1918 … 157
1800: The “Slavic Card” and Adam Czartoryski Plan … 158
1807: Grad Duchy of Warsaw – a French Protectorate … 159
1809: Invasion by Austria … 160
1812: “The Second Polish War” of Napoleon – Conquest of Moscow … 161
1815: Polish Constitutional Kingdom within Russian Empire … 162
1815: Abuse of Poland at the Congress of Vienna … 163
1830-1831: November Uprising; Revolution in Warsaw; Polish-Russian War … 164
1844-1849: Poles Leading in European Revolutions … 165
1850: Industry on the Polish Lands … 166
1863-1864: January Uprising – Guerilla War Against Russia – Final Elimination of Serfdom … 167
1830-1864: A Comparison of November and January Uprisings … 168
1900: Industry and Railroads in the Polish Lands … 169
1905-1907: Struggle to Preserve Polish Language and Land Ownership … 170
1905-1907: Revolution, Urban Guerilla, and Massive Peasant Strikes … 171
1914: Polish Americans as a Percent of Population – Compared to 1980; 1870-1914 Polish Emigration … 172
◦
THE SECOND POLISH REPUBLIC 1918-1945 … 173
1918: Demands for Rebuilding the Polish Republic … 174
1918-1922: Comparison of Demanded and Actual Frontiers … 175
1918-1922: Six Concurrent Wars for the Borders of Poland … 176
1919-1920: Pilsudski’s Federation Plan of Nations Between Germany and Russia … 177
Nov. 1918-Mar. 1919: The Polish Soviet War. Failure of Soviet “Target Vistula” Offensive … 178
Mar.-Dec. 1919: Polish Soviet War – Polish Counteroffensive … 179
1919-1920: Battles for Minsk and Dvinsk … 180
1920 Apr.-May: Polish Offensive reaching Kiev. A Move to Forestall the New and Massive Soviet Offensive in the North … 181
1920 May-June: Battle of the Berezina and the Soviet Counteroffensive at Kiev … 182
1920 May-June: Details of the Battle of the Berezina … 183
1920 July: Soviet Breakthrough in Byelorussia … 184
1920 July: Soviet Advance during Plebiscite in Mazuria. “Polish Soviet” … 185
1920 Aug.: Soviet Advance on Warsaw … 186
1920 Aug.: The Rout of Soviet Armies Advancing on Warsaw … 187
1920 Aug.-Sept.: Defeat of the Soviet Cavalry at Zamosc … 188
1920 Sept.: Polish Victory on the Niemen River … 189
1920 Sept.-Oct.: Polish Offensive in Byelorussia … 190
1919-1920: The Frontlines of Soviet-Polish War … 191
1922: Poland in Western Civilization. The Main Barrier Against Communism … 192
1931: Poland – Density of Population (Census of 1931) … 193
1931: Poland – Agricultural Population as a Percent of the Total … 194
Aug. 31, 1939: Polish, German, and Soviet Order of Battle ... 195
Sept. 1-3, 1939: Battle of the Borders … 196
Sept. 3-6, 1939: German Blitzkrieg Tactics Maturing in Poland … 197
Sept. 7-Oct. 9: German Pincers, Polish Counteroffensive, Soviet Invasion … 198
Sept. 28, 1939: Hitler-Stalin Line of Partition of Poland … 199
1939: Hitler-Stalin Partnership – Partition of Poland … 200
June 1941: Occupied Poland: the Most Terrorized and Devastated Country in Europe … 201
Jan. 1942: Gen. Sikorski’s Plan for a Confederation of Nations Between Germany and Soviet Union Based on the Atlantic Charter … 202
1939-1945: Resistance under German Occupation; Europe’s only Underground State … 203
1940-1945: Campaigns of Polish Forces … 204
July 1941-Nov. 1942: Operation Fanout or Wachlarz by Poland’s Underground Government … 205
Nov. 1942: Nazi Death Machine in a Full Swing – Martyrdom of the Jews … 206
Diagram: Jews – 1000 Years in Poland: Immigration and Emigration … 207
Diagram: History of Yiddish in Poland – the Cultural Gap … 208
May 11-18, 1944: Polish Victory at Monte Cassino, Italy … 209
Aug.-Oct. 1944: Warsaw Uprising – German and Soviet Roles … 210
1944: The Agony of the Second Polish Republic … 211
◦
THE THIRD POLISH REPUBLIC 1944-PRESENT … 213
Apr.-May 1945: Polish Soldiers on All Fronts of Collapsing Germany; Civil War in Poland, New National Frontiers of 1945; Western betrayal of Poland … 214
1945: Death March in Brandenburg; a Small Part of the German Genocide of Three Million Polish Christians … 215
1944-1947: Civil War and Gigantic Deportations; the People’s Poland … 216
1945-1986: Demography of North-Western Poland, Lands East of the Oder-Neisse Acquired from Germany in Compensation for Lands Lost to Soviet Union … 217
1986: The Polish People’ Republic – within the Soviet Bloc while Culturally a Part of Western Civilization – Resisting Sovietization … 218
1018-1986: The Range of Territorial Changes of the Polish State … 219
◦
APPENDIX: PREHISTORY AND LANGUAGE EVOLUTION … 221
Diagram: The Range of the Theories on Language and European Migrations. Prehistory and History of the Indo-European Languages Leading to Modern Polish … 228
Diagram: The Indo-European Language Family and the Satem-Centum Divide … 229
Diagram: The Slavs among Indo-Europeans … 230
Diagram: Arrival of the Indo-Europeans … 231
8500 BC: Beginning of Agriculture … 232
4500 BC: First Indo-Europeans in the Neolithic Europe … 233
2800 BC: Indo-European Expansion within Neolithic Cultures … 234
1900 BC: Geographic Isolation of Language Sub-families. East/West Interphase of Language Subfamilies Balto-Slavic, Germanic, etc. … 235
1600 BC: Bronze Age Indo-European East/West Interphase … 236
1300 BC: Lusatian and Dnieper Bronze Age Cultures; the Genesis of the Slav Peoples … 237
1200 BC: West Slavic Urnfield Burials Spread to the Celts … 238
1000 BC: Expansion of the Western Slavs and the Illyrians … 239
700 BC: Migration: Irano-Scyths, the Nomadic Horsemen … 240
550 BC: Beginning of the Iron Age of the Slavs … 241
470 BC: Biskupin Island Fortress (550-450 BC) … 242
190 BC: Migration of Irano-Sarmatians, the Nomadic Horsemen … 243
90 BC: Gothic and Irano-Sarmatian Pressure on the Slavs … 244
Rome AD 20: Roman Expansion after Breaking the Power of the Celts … 245
250: Advance of the Germanic tribes towards the Roman Frontiers … 246
360: Short-Lived Ostrogothic Hegemony over the Balto-Slavs – Advance of the Huns … 247
400: Advance of the Huns and Flight of the Germanic Tribes … 248
450: Hegemony of the Huns … 249
476: Fall of Rome … 250
540: Slavization of Sarmatian Antes, Serboi, and Choroates … 251
570: Avar Advance, Hegemony, and Alliances with the Slavs … 252
623-658: The First Slav State of Samon – Defeat of the Avars … 253
740: Success of Slavic Military Democracies … 254
880: Area Settled by the Slavs … 255
20-880: Expansion of Slavic Settlements … 256
880: The Use of the Plow with Metal Shares … 257
1000: Languages of Europe – Slavization of the Bulgars – Arrival of the Hungarian Magyars and Illyrian Vlachs into the Central Balkans … 258
600-1500: Advance of Christianity by Centuries … 259
1986: The Legacy of Eastern and Western Christianity – Roman and Greek Alphabets … 260
◦
Bibliography of Recommended Reading … 261
List of Coats of Arms of Polish Towns … 263
Multilingual Glossary of Place Names … 265
Outline of Polish History – Map Titles and Annotations … 269
Index … 296
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