The central aim of this book is the presentation and application of a mathematical model designed to capture the interrelated dynamics of traffics and settlement structure in developing urban regions. Evidently metropoles of emerging nations are the most prominent cases of rapidly evolving regions systems. Therefore the former capital of China, Nanjing with its traffic system was elected as a highly interesting example to which the integrated transport and evolution model could be applied. The Chinese cooperators of this investigation provided data about the population and traffic structure of Nanjing, thus enabled model-based scenarios and forecasts of the further evolution of this metropolitan region. The first part of the book presents a survey about modern China in a state of flux, and how Nanjing participates in this fast evolution.