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Beginning with its Paleolithic origins and the early civilizations of the Aegean, Roberts traces the development of the European identity over the course of thousands of years, ranging across empires and religions, economics, science, and the arts. Antiquity, the age of Christendom, the Middle Ages, early modern history, and the old European order all are surveyed in turn, with particular emphasis given to the turbulent twentieth century.
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Subjects
Europe, History, Geschichte, Europe -- History, Histoire, Europe, historyPlaces
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A History of Europe
1997, Allan Lane
Paperback
in English
- 1st American ed.
0713992042 9780713992045
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Book Details
Table of Contents
Book One.
Heritages
Page 1
Chapter 1.
Bedrock
Page 3
Geography . The earliest Europeans . The Neolithic and agricultural revolutions . Migrants and immigrants . Mentalities . Early Aegean civilization
Chapter 2.
Ancient Greece
Page 20
The importance of the classical past . The Greeks . The Greek diaspora . The city-state . Conflict in the Greek world . The Greek 'achievement' . The beginnings of systematic enquiry . An attempt to summarize
Chapter 3.
The making of the Roman world
Page 39
Etruscan origins . Macedon and the Hellenistic age . Alexander the Great . The Hellenistic world . The rise of Roman power . The Punic Wars . Empire . Celtic Europe . Republican decay . Civil war / The Jews and the Roman empire . Jesus of Nazareth . St Paul
Chapter 4.
Imperial Rome and world history
Page 58
Establishing the empire . The imperial legacy . Law and order . Christianity and the empire . Imperial problems: the east . Imperial problems: Europe . Diocletian . Christian empire . Decline and fall in the west . Western Europe at the end of antiquity . The Merovingians
Book Two.
Christendom
Page 79
Chapter 1.
Re-definition
Page 81
The age of Justinian . The burdens of empire . Changing religious destinies: monasticism . Bishops and popes . The western Church and the barbarians . Drifting apart . Doctrinal division . Byzantium and nearer Asia . Islam . The Arab conquests . An alternative civilization . Islam in Europe . Byzantium's new challengers . Slavs and Bulgars . Religious dispute
Chapter 2.
The re-shaping of the west
Page 106
Western Christendom . The papacy and the Franks . Charlemagne . Carolingian heritage . A new empire . Italy and Mediterranean Europe . The Viking north . Anglo-Saxon England . The western Church at work . Church and State: issues of reform
Chapter 3.
Medieval societies
Page 129
Emerging from antiquity . A new agriculture . The social order . The beginning of sustainable growth . Towns and trade . Technology . The Black Death and after . Social change
Chapter 4.
Frontiers and neighbours
Page 145
The World's Debate . Franks and Greeks . The Crusades . Eastern Europe and the Slavs . Kiev Rus . Christian Russia . Poland . Europe's emerging shape . A psychological frontier
Chapter 5.
The civilization of the Middle Ages
Page 162
The identification of an idea . The Church . Innovation and heresy . The Great Schism . New patterns of power . Kings and nations . England and France . Spain . Germany and Italy . A new political structure
Chapter 6.
New prospects in the east
Page 181
The Venetian republic . 1204 and the crippling of Byzantium . The Ottomans . The end of the Byzantium . Ottoman Europe . Russia . The mind of the west . Renaissance . Printing . Re-orientation . The weight of the past . Enterprise . A new world . New visions of the world
Book Three.
Launching modern history 1500 - 1800
Page 203
Chapter 1.
A new age
Page 205
Modernity and modern history . Numbers and modernity . Feeding a larger population . A new commercial world . Oceanic commerce . Slaving . The foundations of an industrial economy . Europe in a wider world
Chapter 2.
Society and belief
Page 220
Social order . Women . The fragmentation of Christendom . Luther . The European Reformation . England " a special case . Wars of the REformation . Counter-Reformation . Science: a new force . Enlightenment
Chapter 3.
The Political organization of western Europe
Page 239
Building blocks . Structures and issues . Habsburg and Valois . The Italian wars . The era of Spanish decline . The new Netherlands . England . The travails of monarchy . The Thirty Years' War . political thinking and state power
Chapter 4.
The *ancien regime*
Page 256
Contrasting monarchies: France and England . England . The France of Louis XIV . French ascendancy and the balance of power . The stabilization of western Europe . Change in eastern Europe . Poland's troubles . The new great power in the east . Peter the Great . Monarchy and the state in the eighteenth century . Prussia and the Habsburgs . Russia and the eastern question . Polish partition . New international structures
Chapter 5.
The word's new shape
Page 279
A new picture of the world . Africa . The Americas . The beginnings of European imperialism . The North American colonies . Europe encounters East Asia . Europe and China . Japan . Europeans in India . Trade, empire, diplomacy and war . Global economic change . Subjection and domination . Changing the world . Perception and feelings . The spread of Christianity . The beginnings of a European world
Book Four.
The European age
Page 301
Chapter 1.
New politics
Page 303
An age of revolution . The first overseas European nation . The United States and European opinion . The French Revolution . Revolutionary appearance and reality . The Revolution abroad . Revolution and European overseas empire . Napoleonic Europe . The new map of Europe . Shared experience
Chapter 2.
The world's new rich
Page 322
Europe's numbers . A new abundance . Rural Europe . New European lands . Industrialism . Steam . Industrial societies . A world economic system . Cities
Chapter 3.
A new sort of civilization
Page 334
New patterns of life . Industrialization and ideology . Socialism . Intellectual and cultural change . Science
Chapter 4.
A new European order
Page 346
Legitimacy and it challengers . Foundations of peace . The July Monarchy . The new Eastern Question . 1848 . The Crimean War . Re-shaping the map . Conservatism and modernization: Russia . Conservatism and modernization: the United Kingdom
Chapter 5.
World Hegemony
Page 368
Europe's new global role . The Great Resettlement . The civilized world . The direct impact . New European nations overseas . Empire-building . India: the growth of responsibility . India: the Mutiny and after . France overseas . The 'imperialist wave' and international relations . The Scramble for Africa . Imperial Europe and the Far East . China: the barbarian onslaught . China: concessions and decline . Japan: qualified hegemony
Chapter 6.
International order and disorder
Page 395
New patterns of power . Nationalism . The management of danger . Socialism . Changing opinions . Rome and modernity . Bismark's Europe . International relations in the 1890s
Book Five.
Europe's twentieth century: the era of European civil war
Page 411
Chapter 1.
Pressures and strains
Page 413
European identity in a changing world . Privilege and democracy . Women in politics and society . The politics of mass society . Social fear . The spectre of socialism . Religion in European public life . Changing mentalities . Cracks in the European world hegemony . New competitors: Young Turks . New competitors: the Far East . Troubled empires
Chapter 2.
The breakdown of international order
Page 432
Attitudes and expectations . Alliances and entanglements . The beginnings of international change . The re-emergence of Balkan questions . Russian recovery and Russian power . The end of peace . The crisis and after
Chapter 3.
European revolution
Page 448
The Great War . Revolutionizing the war . Revolution and strategy . The Ottoman collapse . The end of the first German war . The peace settlements . The League of Nations and Europe . Revolution and the new Russia . Locarno
Chapter 4.
Crumbling foundations
Page 467
Attitudes and ideas . The last age of formal empire . British India . A new Asia in the making . European empire in the Middle East . Europeanizing Islamic societies . Economic disaster: the world slump
Chapter 5.
The last years of European illusion
Page 482
New politics . A new authoritarianism . The re-emergence of the German question . Ideology in international relations . Hitler's revolution . The path to war . The second German war . The Second World War . The meaning of victor . Europe in 1945
Book Six.
Europe in the Cold War and after
Page 505
Chapter 1.
Europe in the aftermath of war
Page 507
The dwarfing of Europe . The new balance of power . The post-war USSR . The United States and post-war Europe . Cold War origins . The Marshall Plan . The liquidation of empire . The post-war Middle East . Israel and the Cold War . Europe divided: the first crisis . The beginnings of European political integration
Chapter 2.
Europe and global Cold War
Page 524
A new East Asia . The Middle East and North Africa . Europe and sub-Saharan Africa . European recovery . Political reorganization . New structures in western Europe . East European rumblings . The tensions of 1960-62 . Change in the USSR . Complications . De Gaulle and Gaullisme . Germany: *Ostpolitik*
Chapter 3.
The end of the European post-war order
Page 548
A search for stability: the 1970s . The oil crisis and western Europe . The United Kingdom . Communist Europe . *Detente* and the Soviet Union . The United Kingdom in the 1980s . Polish revolution . Contagion and Emulation . A new Germany . Revolution in the Soviet Union . The dissolution of eastern Europe
Chapter 4.
A new order in the making?
Page 563
The break-up of Yugoslavia . The end of USSR . European integration . The Islamic bogy . The new Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States . European disorder
Postscript: Facing the twenty-first century
Edition Notes
Includes bibliographical references and index.
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