An edition of Artificial Intelligence: Short History, Present Developments, and Future Outlook
(2019)
Artificial Intelligence: Short History, Present Developments, and Future Outlook
Final Report
by Dave Martinez, Vijay Gadepally, Nick Malyska, and Bill Streilein
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March 8, 2025 | History
This introduction to this special issue discusses artificial intelligence (AI), commonly defined as “a system’s ability to interpret external data correctly, to learn from such data, and to use those learnings to achieve specific goals and tasks through flexible adaptation.” It summarizes seven articles published in this special issue that present a wide variety of perspectives on AI, authored by several of the world’s leading experts and specialists in AI. It concludes by offering a comprehensive outlook on the future of AI, drawing on micro-, meso-, and macro-perspectives.
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Artificial intelligence, Nonfiction, History| Edition | Availability |
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Artificial Intelligence: Short History, Present Developments, and Future Outlook: Final Report
2019, McKinsey Global Institute
Ebook
in English
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Book Details
Table of Contents
Preface ................................................................................................................................... 2
Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................ 4
Artificial Intelligence Study Motivation (D. Martinez) ............................................................. 8
1 History of Artificial Intelligence and Trends (D. Martinez) ............................................... 13
1.1 Notable Events in AI During the Last Seven Decades .................................................................. 13
1.2 AI Global Trends .......................................................................................................................... 18
2 Lay-of-the-Land (D. Martinez) ......................................................................................... 23
2.1 Study Outreach ........................................................................................................................... 23
2.2 AI Canonical Architecture ............................................................................................................ 26
2.3 High-Level Description of Subsystem Components in the AI Canonical Architecture ................. 29
3 Enabling Technologies (V. Gadepally) ............................................................................. 35
3.2 Data Conditioning ....................................................................................................................... 38
3.3 Algorithms ................................................................................................................................... 46
3.4 Computing ................................................................................................................................... 56
3.5 Robust Artificial Intelligence ....................................................................................................... 62
3.6 Human-Machine Teaming ........................................................................................................... 66
3.7 Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................................... 70
3.8 References ................................................................................................................................... 70
4 AI Applied to Human Language Technology (N. Malyska) ............................................... 75
4.1 Background ................................................................................................................................. 75
4.2 Early Work to Recent Developments in AI .................................................................................. 75
4.3 Technology Landscape and Representative Capabilities ............................................................. 76
4.4 Global Trends Transforming AI for HLT ....................................................................................... 79
4.5 Academic, Commercial, and DoD/IC/LE Roles in AI Systems ...................................................... 80
4.6 Key Findings in the Application of AI to HLT ................................................................................ 81
4.7 Recommendations and Way Forward ......................................................................................... 87
5 AI Applied to Cyber Security (B. Streilein) ....................................................................... 92
5.1 Cyber Background ....................................................................................................................... 93
5.2 Representative Capabilities and Technologies ............................................................................ 99
5.3 Key Findings in the Application of AI to Cyber Security ............................................................ 103
Contents
5.4 Recommendations and Way Forward ....................................................................................... 110
6 Future Outlook (D. Martinez) ....................................................................................... 117
6.1 Three Horizons for AI S&T Investments .................................................................................... 117
6.2 Investment Recommendations ................................................................................................. 120
6.3 Transitioning AI Capabilities to Users ........................................................................................ 127
7 Appendix A: AI Literature Update ................................................................................. 132
8 Appendix B: Additional Readings, Conferences, and Other Venues ............................... 133
8.1 Additional Readings ................................................................................................................... 133
8.2 Conferences and Other Venues ................................................................................................ 134
9 Appendix C: Glossary .................................................................................................... 135
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| March 8, 2025 | Edited by Jordan_Frederick098 | Add web book provider |
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