An edition of A 3D Model Search Engine
(2003)
A 3D Model Search Engine :
A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of Princeton University in Candidacy for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy : Recommended for Acceptance By the Department of Computer Science
thesis
by Patrick Min
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Publish Date
2003 1209 defended, public January 2004
Publisher
computer science princeton
Language
English
Pages
126
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1
A 3D Model Search Engine :: A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of Princeton University in Candidacy for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy : Recommended for Acceptance By the Department of Computer Science
2003 1209 defended, public January 2004, computer science princeton
ebook
in English
- thesis
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Book Details
First Sentence
"Abstract This thesis describes an online search engine for 3D models, focusing on query interfaces and their corresponding model/query representations and matching methods."
Table of Contents
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Contents
Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii
1 Introduction 1
2 Related work 9
2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.2 Text Search Engines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.3 2D Image Search Engines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.3.1 Text-based . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.3.2 Content-based . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.4 3D Model Search Engines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.4.1 Browsing a Hierarchy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.4.2 Searching by Text Only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.4.3 Searching by Shape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.4.4 Overview of Current 3D Search Engines . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3 Text Query Interfaces 19
3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
3.2 Representative Text Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
3.3 Text Matching Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.4 Selection of Text Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.5 Summary and Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
4 3D Shape Query Interfaces 27
4.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
4.2 Submitting Existing 3D Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
4.3 Sketching a 3D Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
4.4 Matching Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
4.5 Results and Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
4.5.1 3D Shape Matching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
4.5.2 3D Sketch Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
4.6 Summary and Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
ii
5 2D Shape Query Interfaces:
2D Free-form Sketch 36
5.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
5.2 What Do People Draw? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
5.3 Matching a User Sketch to a 2D View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
5.4 Matching Multiple Sketches to
Multiple 2D Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
5.5 Results and Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
5.5.1 Outline View Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
5.5.2 Text and Sketch User Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
5.5.3 Sketch Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
5.6 Summary and Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
6 2D Shape Query Interfaces:
2D Structure 55
6.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
6.2 Related Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
6.3 Our Approach:
Matching Directly to the 2D Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
6.3.1 Choice of Part Primitive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
6.3.2 Ellipse Parameterization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
6.3.3 Matching Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
6.4 Results and Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
6.4.1 Test Databases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
6.4.2 Parameter Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
6.4.3 Comparison to our 2D Sketch Matching Method . . . . . . . . 78
6.4.4 Timing Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
6.5 Summary and Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
7 Comparison of Matching Methods 85
7.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
7.2 Test Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
7.2.1 Creating the Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
7.2.2 Result . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
7.3 Comparison of Individual Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
7.4 Comparison of Combined Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
7.5 Summary and Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
8 Search Engine Usage Results 92
8.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
8.2 Overall Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
8.3 Text Query . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
8.4 3D Shape Queries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
iii
8.5 2D Shape Queries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
8.6 Combined Queries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
8.7 Query Processing Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
8.8 Visitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
8.9 Summary and Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
9 Conclusions and Future Work 100
A Precision/Recall 103
A.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
A.2 Things to Consider . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
A.2.1 Generality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
A.2.2 Miscellaneous class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
A.2.3 Possible Query Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
A.2.4 Random Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
A.2.5 Averaging Precision Values in Recall Bins . . . . . . . . . . . 105
B Implementation Details 107
B.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
B.2 Acquistion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
B.2.1 The Crawler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
B.3 Preprocessing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
B.3.1 File Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
B.3.2 Conversion to VRML 2.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
B.3.3 Thumbnail Creation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
B.3.4 Text Extraction and Indexing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
B.3.5 Conversion from VRML to PLY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
B.3.6 3D Shape Descriptors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
B.3.7 2D Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
B.3.8 2D Shape Descriptors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
B.4 The Search Engine Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
B.4.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
B.4.2 Text and/or 2D Sketch Queries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
B.4.3 Text and/or 3D Sketch Queries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
B.4.4 3D File Upload . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
B.4.5 Find Similar Shape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
B.4.6 The Results Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
B.4.7 The Information Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
B.4.8 Miscellaneous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
B.5 The Matching Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
B.5.1 Running the server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
B.5.2 Log Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
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