"New Brunswick's enormous timber trade attracted the first wave of Scots in the late 18th century. As economic conditions in Scotland worsened, the flow of emigrants increased, creating distinctive Scottish communities along the province's major timber bays and river frontages. While Scots relied on the timber trade for economic sustenance, their religion offered another form of support, sustaining them in a spiritual and cultural sense. These two themes, the axe and the bible, underpin their story." "Using wide-ranging documentary sources, including passengers lists and newspaper shipping reports, With Axe and Bible traces the progress of Scottish colonization and its ramifications for the province's early development. Who were these Scots? What factors caused them to select their various locations? What problems did they face? Were they successful pioneers? Why was the Scottish Church so important to them? In tracing the process of emigration, Lucille H. Campey offers new insights on where Scots settled, their overall impact and the cultural legacy they left behind. This book is the first fully documented account of Scottish emigration to New Brunswick."--Jacket.