In the past 15 years, important developments have occurred in the field of testing, requiring significant revision to Standards. Five areas, in particular, receive attention in the 2014 revision: Examining the accountability issues for the uses of tests in educational policy; Broadening the concept of accessibility of tests for all examinees; Representing more comprehensively the role of tests in the workplace; Taking into account the expanding role of technology in testing; Improving the structure of the book for better communication of the standards. Standards was revised under the aegis of a management committee created by the three organizations to help them determine when revision was required to address new testing issues, set priorities regarding the significant problem areas to be addressed, and to appoint a group of scholars -- a Joint Committee --

to prepare the revised document. Among the problem areas addressed in this revision are the following: The chapters on assessment, program evaluation, and public policy were rewritten to address the uses of tests for educational accountability purposes. A new chapter on fairness in testing was added to emphasize accessibility and fairness as fundamental issues in testing. The topics formerly addressed in several chapters are now combined into a single, comprehensive chapter, more broadly cast to support appropriate testing and valid score interpretations for all examinees. Specific concerns about fairness are threaded throughout the book. The chapter on workplace testing and credentialing was reorganized to clarify when a standard is relevant to employment or credentialing. The impact of technology was considered throughout the volume.

One major technology issue identified was the tension between the use of proprietary algorithms and test users' need to evaluate complex applications in areas such as automated scoring of essays, administering and scoring of innovative item types, and computer-based testing. To improve readability, individual standards are now organized under themes, and each chapter in the Foundations section (Part I) now has an overarching standard. -- Provided by publisher.

While teams of experts collaborated in developing and crafting Standards, each of the three organizations assumed responsibility for reviewing the work to ensure quality standards that are robust and applicable across educational and psychological contexts in which tests are developed, administered, and used. Each association's governing body has formally approved Standards as representing best practice for its members, and, as a further collaboration, the three associations hold the copyright jointly. -- Provided by publisher.