Microlocal analysis began around 1970 when Mikio Sato, along with coauthors Masaki Kashiwara and Takahiro Kawai, wrote a decisive article on the structure of pseudodifferential equations, thus laying the foundation of D-modules and the singular spectrums of hyperfunctions. The key idea is the analysis of problems on the phase space, i.e., the cotangent bundle of the base space. Microlocal analysis is an active area of mathematical research that has been applied to many fields such as real and complex analysis, representation theory, topology, number theory, and mathematical physics. This volume contains the presentations given at a seminar jointly organized by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science and Centre National des Recherches Scientifiques entitled New Trends in Microlocal Analysis. The book is divided into three parts: partial differential equations and mathematical analysis, mathematical physics, and algebraic analysis - D-modules and sheave theory. The large variety of new research that is covered will prove invaluable to students and researchers alike.