An edition of Astronomical Spectroscopy
(2005)
Astronomical Spectroscopy
In Introduction to the Atomic an Molecular Physics of Astronomical Spectra. 2nd Edition
by Jonathan Tennyson
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Book Details
Table of Contents
Preface
Page v
1.
Why Record Spectra of Astronomical Objects?
Page 1
1.1.
A Historical Introduction
Page 1
1.2.
What One Can Learn from Studying Spectra
Page 3
2.
The Nature of Spectra
Page 7
2.1.
Transitions
Page 7
2.2.
Absorption and Emission
Page 8
2.3.
Other Measures of Transition Probabilities
Page 10
2.4.
Stimulated Emission
Page 10
2.5.
Optical Depth
Page 11
2.6.
Critical Density
Page 12
2.7.
Wavelength or Frequency?
Page 13
2.8.
The Electromagnetic Spectrum
Page 14
3.
Atomic Hydrogen
Page 17
3.1.
Overview
Page 17
3.2.
The Schrödinger Equation of Hydrogen-Like Atoms
Page 17
3.3.
Reduced Mass
Page 18
3.4.
Atomic Units
Page 19
3.5.
Wavefunctions for Hydrogen
Page 20
3.6.
Energy Levels and Quantum Numbers
Page 21
3.7.
H-Atom Discrete Spectra
Page 23
3.8.
H-Atom Spectra in Different Locations
Page 29
3.8.1.
Balmer series
Page 29
3.8.2.
Lyman series
Page 33
3.8.3.
Infrared lines
Page 35
3.9.
H-Atom Continuum Spectra
Page 35
3.9.1.
Processes
Page 35
3.9.2.
H-atom emission in H II regions
Page 36
3.10.
Radio Recombination Lines
Page 38
3.11.
Radio Recombination Lines for Other Atoms
Page 40
3.12.
Angular Momentum Coupling in the Hydrogen Atom
Page 43
3.13.
The Fine Structure of Hydrogen
Page 44
3.14.
Hyperfine Structure in the H Atom
Page 45
3.15.
Allowed Transitions
Page 46
3.16.
Hydrogen in Nebulae
Page 47
4.
Complex Atoms
Page 51
4.1.
General Considerations
Page 51
4.2.
Central Field Model
Page 52
4.3.
Indistinguishable Particles
Page 54
4.4.
Electron Configurations
Page 55
4.5.
The Periodic Table
Page 56
4.6.
Ions
Page 58
4.7.
Angular Momentum in Complex atoms
Page 59
4.7.1.
L-S or Russell-Saunders coupling
Page 59
4.7.2.
j-j coupling
Page 61
4.7.3.
Why two coupling schemes?
Page 61
4.8.
Spectroscopic Notation
Page 62
4.9.
Parity of the Wavefunction
Page 63
4.10.
Terms and Levels in Complex Atoms
Page 64
5.
Helium Spectra
Page 69
5.1.
He I and He II Spectra
Page 69
5.2.
Selection Rules for Complex Atoms
Page 71
5.3.
Observing Forbidden Lines
Page 74
5.4.
Grotrian Diagrams
Page 75
5.5.
Potential Felt by Electrons in Complex Atoms
Page 77
5.6.
Emissions of Helium-Like Ions
Page 78
6.
Alkali Atoms
Page 81
6.1.
Sodium
Page 81
6.2.
Spin-Orbit Interactions
Page 84
6.3.
Fine Structure Transitions
Page 88
6.4.
Astronomical Sodium Spectra
Page 89
6.5.
Other Alkali Metal-Like Spectra
Page 93
7.
Spectra of Nebulae
Page 99
7.1.
Nebulium
Page 100
7.2.
The Bowen Mechanism
Page 104
7.3.
Two Valence Electrons
Page 107
7.4.
Autoionisation and Recombination
Page 109
8.
Spectra in Magnetic Fields
Page 115
8.1.
Uniform Magnetic Field
Page 116
8.2.
Strong Magnetic Field
Page 117
8.3.
Weak Magnetic Field
Page 118
8.3.1.
The normal Zeeman effect
Page 118
8.3.2.
The anomolous Zeeman effect
Page 119
8.4.
Spectra in Magnetic Field
Page 120
9.
X-Ray Spectra
Page 123
9.1.
Inner Shell Processes
Page 123
9.2.
The Solar Corona
Page 127
9.3.
The Structure of Highly Ionised Atoms
Page 127
9.4.
Isotope Effects
Page 131
10.
Molecular Structure
Page 135
10.1.
The Born-Oppenheimer Approximation
Page 136
10.2.
Electronic Structure of Diatomics
Page 137
10.2.1.
Labelling of electronic states
Page 140
10.2.2.
Symmetry
Page 141
10.2.3.
State labels
Page 143
10.3.
Schrödinger Equation
Page 144
10.3.1.
Nuclear motion in diatomic molecules
Page 144
10.4.
Fractionation
Page 149
10.5.
Vibration-Rotation Energy Levels
Page 150
10.6.
Temperature Effects
Page 152
10.6.1.
Rotational state populations
Page 152
10.6.2.
Vibrational state populations
Page 154
10.6.3.
Electronic state populations
Page 155
11.
Rotational Spectra
Page 157
11.1.
Rotational Structure of Polyatomic Molecules
Page 157
11.2.
Selection Rules: Pure Rotational Transitions
Page 160
11.3.
Selection Rules
Page 161
11.4.
Isotope Effects
Page 166
11.5.
Rotational Spectra of Other Molecules
Page 166
11.6.
Rotational Spectra of Molecular Hydrogen
Page 170
11.7.
Maser Emissions
Page 170
12.
Vibration-Rotation Spectra
Page 175
12.1.
Vibrations in Polyatomic Molecules
Page 175
12.2.
Vibrational Transitions
Page 177
12.2.1.
Structure of the spectrum
Page 178
12.2.2.
Isotope effects
Page 181
12.2.3.
Hydrogen molecule vibrational spectra
Page 181
12.3.
Astronomical Spectra
Page 183
13.
Electronic Spectra of Diatomic Molecules
Page 187
13.1.
Electronic Transitions
Page 187
13.2.
Selection Rules
Page 188
13.2.1.
Vibrational selection rules
Page 189
13.2.2.
Rotational selection rules
Page 190
13.3.
Transition Frequencies
Page 192
13.4.
Astronomical Spectra
Page 193
13.5.
Non-¹Σ Electronic States
Page 195
Solutions to Model Problems
Page 199
Further Reading and Bibliography
Page 215
Index
Page 217
Classifications
The Physical Object
ID Numbers
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History
- Created July 27, 2011
- 13 revisions
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