"Attempts to portray the 'real Haitian' against the background of the cultural evolution of African and other Caribbean societies. Author attributes the economic failure in Haiti to the absence of economic dualism or the existence of a state of permanent discordance between the rural and urban populations, in contrast to the situation in such countries as Cote d'Ivoire, Nigeria, and Korea, where economic dualism has been an engine for economic growth and development. Author also argues that economic development is hampered by the failure of the Haitian to develop a nationalist sentiment, by excessive pride in the past, and lack of objectivity in decision making"--Handbook of Latin American Studies, v. 57.