This thesis is a review essay of the literature concerning the prosecution of prostitution and sodomy in fifteenth-century Florence and offers a comparison between the histories of the Ufficio di Onesta and the Ufficiali di Notte during that period. Chapter One introduces the context of prostitution and sodomy in medieval Florence. Chapter Two considers how general trends in the development of criminal law in Europe were mediated by the particular political conditions in Florence giving rise to particular forms of judicial tribunals. Chapter Three outlines our knowledge of the instigation of the two magistracies under consideration and the purposes for which they were brought into being. Chapter Four examines their development over the course of the Medici hegemony and their reception by Florentines. Chapter Five concludes by considering how the political crises of the years after 1494 affected the magistracies and why the Ufficiali di Notte were suppressed in 1502.