This book is a heavily revised version of the author's Ph.D. thesis (University of London, 1974) entitled: "The Role of British Capital in the Economic Development of Western Anatolia, 1850-1914." It is mainly based on the archival material in the Public Record Office (Consular Reports and the records of the British Consular Court at Smyrna) and the Layard Papers kept in the British Museum. The book is now in its 4th edition (2008) with a new "Introduction" by the author.