CONTENTS.

INTRODUCTION. v

BOOK I.

THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN THE ENGLISH COLONIES.

CHAPTER I.

EARLY PROJECTS OF SETTLEMENT.

Position of Catholics in England — Sir George Peckham and Sir Thomas Gerard plan a Catholic Settlement in Norumbega under Sir Humphrey Gilbert — Queen Elizabeth sanctions it — Winslade's Project — Lord Arundell of Wardour — Opposed by Father Persons — Sir George Calvert proposes a Settlement in Newfoundland — Visits Virginia — Repulsed — Obtains a Charter for Maryland 17

CHAPTER II.

CATHOLICITY PLANTED IN MARYLAND, 1684-1646.

The Ark and Dove — The Society of Jesus undertakes the Mission — Fathers Andrew White and Altham — First Mass on St. Clement's Isle — City of St. Mary's founded — A Chapel — Indian Missions begun — Lands taken up by Father Copley — Catholic Preponderance — Questions raised by Missionaries — Conversion of Indian Chief Chilomacon — Labors of Missionaries — Death of Father Brock — Lord Baltimore solicits Secular Priests from Rome — Is reconciled to the Jesuits — Puritans take possession — Missionaries arrested and sent to England — Father Andrew White — Fathers Rigbie and Cooper die in Virginia 37

CHAPTER III.

THE MARYLAND MISSION RESTORED, 1648-1668.

The Act of Toleration — The Puritans overthrow the Government — Missionaries escape to Virginia — Lord Baltimore's Authority restored — Father Fitzherbert's Case — Bretton's Chapel 68

CHAPTER IV.

THE JESUITS AND FRANCISCANS IN MARYLAND, 1669-1690.

Mgr. Agretti's Report to the Propaganda — A Franciscan Mission — Father Massieus Massey — Catholic Classical School — First Protestant Ministers — Sir Edmund Plowden and New Albion — Catholics in New Jersey — Dongan, Catholic Governor of New York — Jesuit Mission and School — Catholics in other Colonies — The Vicars-Apostolic in England — Fall of James II. — State of Catholicity in 1690 79

BOOK II.

THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN THE SPANISH COLONIES.

CHAPTER I.

THE CHURCH IN FLORIDA, 1618-1561.

Ponce de Leon discovers Florida — Attempted Settlement in 1621 with Priests and Religious — Ayllon's discovery — Settlement at San Miguel de Guandape on James River, Virginia — The Dominican Father Anthony de Montesinos at San Miguel — Death of Ayllon — Expedition of Narvaez — The Franciscan Father John Xuarez and other Priests — Soto's Expedition accompanied by secular and regular Priests — The Franciscan Father Mark of Nice penetrates to New Mexico — Coronado's Expedition — In the Valley of the Mississippi — Death of the Franciscan Father Padilla — Heroic attempt of the Dominican Father Cancer — Tristan de Luna attempts a Settlement — Dominicans with him — Peter Menendez undertakes to settle Florida — St. Augustine founded — Place of the first Mass — The Parish founded — Jesuit Missions — Father Segura and his Companions put to Death in Virginia — Franciscan Missions — Indian Revolt — Fathers put to Death — Books in the Timuquan Language — Florida visited by Bishop Cabezas — Religious condition — Bishop Calderon — Synod held by Bishop Palacios — Extent of Missions — First attack from Carolina 100

CHAPTER II.

THE CHURCH IN NEW MEXICO, 1580-1880.

Brother Augustine Rodriguez — Mission at Puaray — Missionaries put to Death — Espejo's Expedition — Onate conquers New Mexico — Missions established — Their success — V. Mother Mary de Agreda — Father Benavides — Indian Revolt — Missionaries put to Death — Spaniards expelled 188

BOOK III.

THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN FRENCH TERRITORY.

CHAPTER I.

FIRST WORK OF THE CHURCH IN MAINE, MICHIGAN, AND NEW YORK, 1611-1652.

First Church on De Monts or Neutral Island, Maine — Jesuit Mission at Mount Desert — Its destruction by the Virginians — Canada founded — Father Jogues plants the Cross at Sault St Marie — Taken Prisoner by the Mohawks — His escape — Father Bressani a Captive — Father Jogues undertakes a Mohawk Mission — His Death — His Canonization solicited — French Capuchins in Maine — The Jesuit Father Druillettes founds an Abnaki Mission on the Kennebec — Visits New England — Father Poncets captivity 216

CHAPTER II.

THE ARCHBISHOPS OF ROUEN — ONONDAGA MISSION FOUNDED.

Our Lady of Ganentaa — Its close — Mgr. Francis de Laval, Bishop of Petrsea and Vicar- Apostolic of New PVance — Father Mard founds a Mission on Lake Superior — His Death 246

CHAPTER III.

THE OTTAWA MISSION, 1662-1675.

Father Claude Allouez — Bishop Laval makes him Vicar-General — Pastoral against attending Idolatrous Rites — Sault St Marie — Green Bay 267

CHAPTER IV.

THE CHURCH AMONG THE IROQUOIS, 1660-1680.

Garaconthie effects Peace — Missions restored — Father Fremin on the Mohawk — Bruyas at Oneida — Carheil at Cayuga — Lamberville at Onondaga — The Great Mohawk and other Converts — Catharine Tekouita — Veneration for her — The Mission Village at La Prairie — Sault St. Louis 280

CHAPTER V.

THE CHURCH FROM THE PENOBSCOT TO THE MISSISSIPPI, 1680-1690.

Chapel at Pentagoet — Sulpitian Mission to the West — Father Marquette with Joliet descends the Mississippi — Mission at Sault St. Marie destroyed — Illinois Mission — Death of Marquette — La Salle establishes house at Niagara — Recollect Chapel — Chapel on the St. Joseph's — On the Illinois — Father Hennepin on the Upper Mississippi — Recollect Missions in the West cease — Death of Father de la Ribourde — Milet at Niagara — Father Lamberville at Onondaga — Father Milet a Prisoner at Oneida — Priests with La Salle in Texas — Resignation of Bishop Laval 610

BOOK IV.

THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN THE ENGLISH COLONIES.

CHAPTER I.

CATHOLICITY IN MARYLAND, 1690-1708.

Calumnies against Catholics — A Royal Governor of Maryland — Catholics excluded from the Assembly — Anglican Church established by Law — Tax for Ministers — Catholics disfranchised — Zeal of Catholic Priests — Fathers Hunter and Brooke arraigned — Governor Seymour's outrageous conduct — Chapel at St. Mary's taken from Catholics — Penal Laws in New York and Massachusetts — In Maryland — Queen Anne saves the Catholics — Mass permitted in private Houses — How Religion was maintained 344

CHAPTER II.

CATHOLICITY IN PENNSYLVANIA AND MARYLAND, 1706-1741.

Catholicity in Philadelphia and Pennsylvania — Converts — Jesuits at Bohemia Manor, Md. — Apostasy of Lord Baltimore — Additional Penal Laws — Catholics appeal to the King of England — Chapel near Nicetown, Pa. — Sir John James — First Pennsylvania Priest — St. Joseph's, Philadelphia — Fathers Wapeler and Schneider — Mission Work in New Jersey — A Protestant Clergyman in New York hanged on suspicion of being a Priest — Public Service of Father Molyneux 365

CHAPTER III.

THE CHURCH IN THE COLONIES, 1745-1755.

Rev. Hugh Jones' Protest against Popery — Gov. Bladen's Proclamation — Gov. Gooch's Proclamation — Virginia Penal Laws — Attempts in Maryland to pass still more cruel Laws — St. Joseph's Chapel, Deer Creek — Petition of Roman Catholics to the King — Fathers Greaton and Harding in Philadelphia 408

CHAPTER IV.

THE ACADIAN CATHOLICS IN THE COLONIES, 1755-1768.

The Acadian Catholics — Deprived of Priest and Sacrament — Seven thousand seized as Popish Recusants — A pretended Law — Treatment in Massachusetts — In New York — In Pennsylvania — In Maryland — First Chapel in Baltimore — In South Carolina and Georgia — Many reach Louisiana — A few in Madawaska, Maine 421

CHAPTER V.

CATHOLICITY IN THE BRITISH COLONIES, 1755-1768.

Constant attempts in Maryland against Catholics — Arrest of Father Beadnail — Of another Jesuit — The Missions in Pennsylvania and New Jersey 440

BOOK V.

THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN THE SPANISH COLONIES.

CHAPTER I.

THE CHURCH IN FLORIDA, 1690-1768.

St. Augustine — The learned Florida Jesuit Father Florencia — Pensacola and Father Siguenza — New Missions under Father Lopez — Missions as portrayed by Dickenson — Catholic Missions ravaged from Carolina — St. Augustine burnt by Gov. Moore — Ayubale destroyed and Missionaries slain by Gov. Moore — Bishop Compostela — Auxiliary Bishops for Florida — Bishop Rezind — Shrine of Nuestra l fiora de la Leche profaned — St. Mark — Pensacola taken, retaken, and destroyed — Church on Santa Rosa Island — Bishop Tejada — His labors in Florida — Missions in Southern Florida — Siege of St. Augustine — Bishop Morell de Santa Cruz sent to Florida by the English 464

CHAPTER II.

THE CHURCH IN TEXAS, 1690-1768.

Missions founded by Father Damian Mazanet — Missions near the Rio Grande — The Ven. Father Anthony Margil and his Missions — Friar Joseph Pita killed — City of San Fernando (San Antonio) founded — Holidays of Obligation — Fathers Ganzabal and Terreros and others killed — Visitation by Bishop Tejada — Apache Missions — Father Garcia and his work 479

CHAPTER III.

THE CHURCH IN NEW MEXICO, 1692-1768.

Catholicity restored — Revolt at Santa Fe — Remains of Father John of Jesus — Vargas doubts the Indian plot — Missionaries massacred — Zuni — Albuquerque — Bishops Crespo and Eliza-coches. 610

CHAPTER IV.

THE CHURCH IN ARIZONA, 1690-1768.

Missions founded by Father John — San Xavier del Bac — Missions revived by Bishop Crespo — Fathers Keler and Sedelmayr — Jesuits carried off by order of the King of Spain 526

BOOK VI.

THE CHURCH IN FRENCH TERRITORY.

CHAPTER I.

THE CHURCH IN THE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY, 1690-1768.

Bishop St. Vailier — Synods — Founds Mission of the Seminary of Quebec in the Mississippi Valley — Jesuits at the Mouth of the River — Questions raised — Rev. M. Foucault killed — Mobile, a Parish — Rev. H. Roulleauz de la Vente — The Register — Rev. Mr. Gervaise's Project — Indian Missions — Death of Rev. Mr. de Saint Cosme — The Seminary Priests at Tamarois — Apalachee — Very Rev. Dominic M. Varlet, V.G. — Father Charlevoix's visit — Fort Chartres — Bishop St. Vallier's Pastoral — The Company of the West — The Capuchins in Louisiana — New Orleans founded — A Carmelite — The Jesuits — The Ursulines — Indian Mission — Priests massacred by Natchez and Tazoos — Cahokia — Rev. Mr. Gaston killed — Ouiatenon — Vincennes — The Register — Bishop's right to appoint a Vicar-General contested-irreligious spirit — The Jesuits suppressed in France — Unchristian conduct of Superior Council of Louisiana — Jesuits from Vincennes to New Orleans seized — Churches profaned and destroyed — The Seminary Mission closed 538

CHAPTER II.

THE CHURCH IN MAINE, 1690-1768.

False Position of Missionaries — Jesuits and Quebec Seminary Priests — Father Rale — Churches destroyed by New Englanders — Father Rale's Dictionary — His Death — The Penobscots 598

CHAPTER III.

THE FRENCH CLERGY IN NEW YORK, 1690-1768.

Father Milet at Oneida — Iroquois Martyrs — Missions restored — Their close — Chaplains at French Forts — Rev. Francis Piquet and the Mission of the Presentation — Visitation by Bishop de Pontbriand — St. Regis 606

CHAPTER IV.

THE CHURCH IN MICHIGAN, INDIANA WISCONSIN, AND MINNESOTA, 1690-1768.

Detroit — A Church erected — Recollect Father Delhalle — Michilimackinac — Green Bay — St. Joseph's River — Ouiatenon — Father Delhalle killed — A Priest on Lake Pepin — Father Masaiger nears the Rocky Mountains — The Hurons at Detroit and Sandusky — Bishop de Pontbriand at Detroit — Relics at Michilimackinac 619

Conclusion 688

Index 648