This book presents a research of Lithuanian Jewish history and culture till the beginning of the twenty-first century. This study is an attempt by an international group of scholars from Lithuania, Israel, the United States of America and Germany to link different approaches towards the history of the Jews in East-Central Europe which in so far did not have many points of contact. It also aims to create an integral picture of the social, economic and cultural history of the Jews in Lithuania during the course of more than six hundred years. The main focus of this study is the relationships between the Lithuanian Jews, or Jews in Lithuania, and the dominant (Non-Jewish) majority, and the shifts in the collective identification of the Jews.