An edition of The authority of doctrinal decisions which are not definitions of faith
(1866)
The authority of doctrinal decisions which are not definitions of faith
considered in a short series of essays reprinted from "The Dublin review."
by William George Ward
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The authority of doctrinal decisions which are not definitions of faith: considered in a short series of essays reprinted from "The Dublin review."
1866, Burns, Lambert, and Oates
in English
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Table of Contents
CONTENTS.
ESSAY I.
On Theological Errors beloio that of Heresy,
Our argument purports to prove that Gallicans, no less than Ultramontanes, should regard the Munich Brief as infallible Page 1
Many doctrines are taught by the Church de fide, which have not been defined 2
They may be taught "expressly" or "practically" 3
Yet definitions are in various ways a vast benefit 4
The Church could not faithfully preserve the Deposit, if she had not the gift of infallibility in condemning theological errors below that of heresy 6
The Munich Brief is occupied in infallibly condemning such errors 9
Distinction between the errors which it condemns and those of Frohschammer 13
The enormous number of truths, belonging in one sense to secular science, but which are subject to the Church's infallible determination, as being indirectly connected with dogma 13
The true attitude towards the Church, in which theological investigations should be pursued 16
And investigations of secular science, throughout the large portions in which it comes into contact with theology 20
Calamitous tendency in this age to separate thought and action from subjection to the Church 21
This rebellious tendency far more dangerous in philosophy than even in politics Page 23
Fatal results which follow, from pursuing secular science on the principle of disregard to ecclesiastical decisions 24
Authority of theologians for the Church's infallibility in pronouncing censures below that of heresy 28
ESSAY II.
The Pope's Declaration on his Civil Princedom.
The Pope's declaration and its meaning 31
It was put forth by him as Universal Teacher 32
And accepted by the Episcopate 32
Answer to the objection, that the Church's infallibility extends only over the Apostolic Depositum 33
ESSAY III.
Infallibility Claimed for the Encyclical "Mirari vos" Preliminary explanation 35
Very large number of truths indirectly doctrinal 38
Various methods by which the Holy Father expresses minor censures 40
Authority of theologians for the Church's infallibility in these censures, 41
Our proposition stated 42
Two reasons given for it 43
The bearing of the argument, adduced by us from the case of Lamennais 44
Corroboration from the language and conduct of Popes 46
Third reason for our proposition : viz., the intolerable tyranny which its denial would impute to the Church 48
Explanation and limits of our proposition Page 50
Important answer to an objection 52
The "Mirari vos" purported to be an infallible condemnation of Lamennais's errors 54
Lamennais asked for an infallible decision 54
The French bishops asked for an infallible decision 55
The Pope avowedly acceded to this double request 56
The Pope declared expressly that he had issued the Encyclical, as successor to S. Peter's infallibility, and as Universal Teacher 57
The Pope required Lamennais to hold "firmly and solidly" the doctrine therein declared 58
The Pope characterized the Encyclical, as a "response of Peter's infallible mouth" and claimed for it "an unreserved and unequivocal adhesion" 60
The Encyclical was notoriously adopted by the Episcopate 61
Inappreciable importance of the question at this time 62
ESSAY IV.
Infallibility Claimed for the Recent Encyclical and Syllabus
Fertility of Pius IX.'s reign in important doctrinal pronouncements 64
Definition of the Immaculate Conception 64
Immense variety of his minor infallible determinations 65
Comparison between the "Mirari vos" and the "Quanta cura" 66
Since the "Mirari vos" was undoubtedly infallible, so also the "Quanta cura" 68
And the "Quanta cura" itself furnishes many signal confirmations of the argument contained in our former Essay 70
Pius IX. expressly declares in it the Pope's infallibility, on matters which concern the Church's general good, her rights and her discipline 70
He declares himself to issue it as Universal Teacher Page 73
He declares himself to have issued all the declarations, cited in the Syllabus, as Universal Teacher 74
These include several (such as the Munich Brief) which were formally addressed to individual bishops 75
Various dogmatic facts on which the Syllabus pronounces 76
Testimony of the French bishops to the infallible authority of the Encyclical and Syllabus 76
Pastoral address of the Cardinal Vicar of Borne 77
Cardinal Antonelli's circular 78
Mgr. de Segur 79
ESSAY V.
The Church Infallible in her Magisterium.
Perrone declares the Church infellible, not only as "testis," but also as "judex" and "magistra" 81
The infallibility of her magisterium attested by the sensus fidelium 82
The infallibility of her magisterium includes the infallibility of all her explicit instructions 84
Detailed testimony of French bishops to the infallibility of the
Encyclical and Syllabus 85
Testimony of our own Bishop of Shrewsbury 92
The French bishops declare themselves to have abandoned Gallicanism 93
Hardly any doctrine, which is not of faith, is more absolutely certain than the Pope's infallibility in his magisterium 94
God teaches the Holy See, and the Holy See teaches the Church 96
Various doctrines and usages taught magisterially by the Church, and unknown to Protestants, which most powerfully influence the interior character 97
Inference from this fact in regard to Catholic instincts and the extreme danger of intimacy with Protestants 103
ESSAY VI.
Dr. Murray's Testimony. 110
ESSAY VII.
Doctrinal Decrees of a Pontifical Congregation.
Objection urged by unsound Catholics against the issue of doctrinal decrees by a Pontifical Congregation Page 113
They pass over the really critical question ; viz., the infallibility of doctrinal decrees issued directly by the Pope, which are not definitions of faith 116
No one ascribes infallibility to the doctrinal decrees of a Pontifical Congregation, as such 118
Yet they cannot be considered purely disciplinary 119
Digression on the question, how it can be known that a declaration is ex cathedra, which is formally addressed by the Pope to an individual bishop 121
Pope Zachary's letter to S. Boniface was not ex cathedra 125
Suggestion as to the true answer 127
It is extremely probable that decrees of a Pontifical Congregation, when the Pope expressly orders their promulgation, are to be considered his teaching ex cathedra 128
It is absolutely certain, that if he does not expressly order their promulgation, they are not his teaching ex cathedra 131
Yet a certain interior assent is due to them for three reasons 132
ESSAY VIII.
The Case of Galileo.
Theological principles tending to establish, that Galileo's condemnability was the legitimate theological conclusion in 1616 Page 140
Scientific statements tending to the same result 145
Copernicus never advocated his hypothesis as true 152
Nor did Galileo himself 154
Response of the Inquisition qualifiers 155
Disciplinary decree of the Inquisition 156
Disciplinary decree of the Index 156
Doctrinal decree of the Index sanctioned by Paul V. 157
He did not, however, sanction it as Universal Teacher, nor was understood as doing so by contemporary Catholics 159
It does not seem that Galileo was prepared confidently to believe in his own theory, until he could obtain the Church's approval 162
Sentence of the Inquisition in 1633 164
Galileo's abjuration 168
Progress in the evidence for Copemicanism after Galileo's death, until Benedict XIV. suspended the Index's disciplinary decree 171
Effect on a scientific Catholic of the said decree during this intervening period 173
Effects on him of the doctrinal decree during this period 174
Protestation of Newton's Catholic editors in 1741 175
Effect on a theologian of the two decrees during this period 176
Vast benefit of the disciplinary decree 177
Yet it might, perhaps, with advantage have been suspended somewhat sooner 177
Did the Church's acts of 1616 seriously retard Copemicanism? 179
Singular marks of an overruling Providence in all those acts 181
Threefold division of those doctrinal dicta, officially pronounced by Popes, which are not definitions of faith 183
ESSAY IX.
Reply to Two Objections.
First Objection. — "Even Ultramontane theologians confine the Pope's infallibility to his condemnation of heresy" Page 191
Answer. — That they are contemplating, not the "object" but the "subject" of infallibility 192
Three proofs of this, chosen from among many 194
Second Objection. — "How can Galileo's condemnation have been otherwise than a mistake, since all now admit that it was objectively incorrect ] " 198
We answer (1), that if it were admitted to be a mistake, no insurmountable difficulty would result 198
We (2) explain our original statement, that it was not a mistake in any true sense of that term 199
Those astronomers who advocated the Copemican hypothesis, were more favoured at Rome than their opponents 200
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