This publication presents results of experiments on sediment transportation in Mountain Creek, a typical small stream of the Southern Piedmont. These experiments have developed methods for collecting data needed in the improvement of small valleys for crop production. They have resulted in the development of methods (1) for estimating the sediment load, particularly the heretofore unmeasurable bed load of small streams, (2) for estimating the effects, in small valleys, of reducing sediment loads through conservation practices, and (3) for estimating the effects of channel improvements, such as cut-offs, on flooding and channel sedimentation.