This thesis discusses the black nationalist movement in Zimbabwe. The first is a history of the Zimbabwean nationalist movement, including the emergence and evolution of the nationalist organizations and leaders, the guerrilla war, and the diplomatic negotiations that occurred up to the Lancaster House Settlement of 1979. The second portion explains why and how Robert Mugabe and the Zimbabwe African National Union won the 1980 elections. The author compares Mugabe with his two principle opponents, Joshua Nkomo and Bishop Abel Muzorewa. The personal backgrounds, political careers, leadership abilities, and bases of support of the three candidates are examined and analyzed. The author concludes that Mugabe's personal reputation and credibility enabled him to win the loyalty of the majority of the guerrillas who in turn mobilized a large popular base of support for him.