The Spiritual Exercises of Ignatius of Loyola, are deeply rooted in the era from great classics such as “Golden Era” by Jacobus de Volragine O.P., “Meditations on the Life of Christ”, by Pseudo- Bonaventure and the “Life of Christ” by Ludolph of Saxony.
It would appear that this last work gave the basic foundation for much of the exercises layout & format, but it would a work, entitled “The Book of Exercises for the Spiritual Life’ (Ejercitatorio de la Vida Espiritial) of Garcia de Cisneros, (a future work in the “Contemplative Series”, that gives both the final formulary, outlook & style.
Now as for “Scholastic Theology”, Augustine, Abelard and Aquinas, would comprise the basis of Ignatius’ theology, in short: Thomas states: “God created intellectual, volitional beings, outside Himself, so as to commune with them of Himself, not for glory or praise, but that they might share in His happiness and thereby being gratis would return to Him with a thankful heart.”
One interesting note, that of Ide M. Ni Riaim, RSCJ, translator of “Vices and Virtues” by Denis the Carthusian. In this work’s intro, she asserts: “He is probably the unacknowledged source of much Jesuit Theology.”
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