The physiognomical system of Drs. Gall and Spurzheim
founded on an anatomical and physiological examination of the nervous system in general, and of the brain in particular; and indicating the dispositions and manifestations of the mind.
by J. G. Spurzheim
The theory that the functions of the brain can be localized in the cerebral cortex was introduced in somewhat fantastic form by Gall as organology and by his pupil Spurzheim as phrenology, their joint researches appearing in 1810-19. It contained many really important additions to cerebral anatomy and also the theory that the brain is a bundle of some 27 (later 37) separate "organs," presiding over the different moral, sexual, and intellectual traits of the individual, their size being proportional to the preponderance of these traits and manifested on the surface of the skull as protuberances. Many phrenology societies and journals were formed, but exploitation by quacks and charlatans soon made phrenology an object of derision among scientific men. -- H.W. Orr.
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The physiognomical system of Drs. Gall and Spurzheim: founded on an anatomical and physiological examination of the nervous system in general, and of the brain in particular; and indicating the dispositions and manifestations of the mind.
1815, Printed for Baldwin, Cradock, and Joy, William Blackwood
in English
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