"Suggests that Panama must pursue sustainable development with equity while reasserting its sovereignty amidst declining export growth and a changing international division of labor shaped by new technologies. Proposes debt reduction without conditionality, while abandoning structural adjustment for temporary protectionist barriers to stimulate export diversification in high value-added, high-wage, dynamic service sectors to generate foreign exchange and promote stability. Unfortunately, no empirical evidence identifies these promising industries"--Handbook of Latin American Studies, v. 57.