This thesis is the second in a series which investigates the possibility of creating a code shift keying (CSK) optical receiver using single mode 2 x 2 couplers and fiber optical delay lines to construct Mach-Zehnder couplers which comprise the main building block of the CSK receiver. There were two main goals of this thesis research. The first was to investigate design and construction modifications which would lower the system loss of a previously designed Mach-Zehnder coupler. As a result of this research, the system loss was reduced from 10.5 dB to 3.3 dB by changing the design to eliminate an unnecessary stage and by replacing several mechanical connections with fusion splices. The second goal was to find a method to measure the inherent phase shift of a 2 x 2 fiber optical coupler. Two separate methods were developed and implemented, and a third previously developed method was used to verify the results. All three methods provided experimental values between 145 and 149 deg. This thesis develops the theory that explains the discrepancy between the measured values and the ideal value of 180 deg for the inherent phase shift.