Nowadays, health care is confronted with a wide variety of problems: new emerging or re-emerging diseases, rising costs, increasingly complex management processes, and so on. Since the 1990s most nations have tried to deal with problems by reforming their health systems. However, many of these reforms did not succeed in realizing the desired gains in efficiency and equity. This book aims at exploring persistent problems in health systems and health system reform from an innovative perspective - the perspective of the new, emerging scientific field of system innovation and transition theory. This generates new and refreshing insights on how to innovate and strengthen health systems. In particular, strategies that could be labeled transition experiments - involving all relevant stakeholders exploring new constellations in niches - are described and analyzed.