Correspondence, speeches, articles, notes, medical papers, photographs, and other papers relating primarily to Pinkney's surgical cases in Peru, his observations on the Mexican War and U.S. Civil War, his plan to reorganize the U.S. Army Medical Corps, and his interest in politics. Correspondents include George Bancroft, Henry Clay, Samuel Hambleton, Matthew C. Perry, Gideon Welles, and Pinkney's wife, Mary H. Pinkney.