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353 p. : ill., maps ; 25 cm.
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A concise history of Slovakia
2000, Historický ústav SAV
Hardcover
in English
8088880424 9788088880424
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Table of Contents
Contents … 3
Preface (Elena Mannová) … 7
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I. THE HISTORY OF SLOVAKIA UP TO THE BEGINNING OF THE 10th CENTURY (Ján Lukačka – Ján Steinhübel)
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1. The Territory of Slovakia before the Coming of the Slavs … 9
— 1.1. The Celts and Dacians … 11
— 1.2. Germanic Tribes and the Romans … 12
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2. The Migration Period and Coming of the Slavs to the Carpathian Basin … 15
— 2.1. Samo’s Empire and the Oldest Slavonic Principalities Neighbouring the Avars … 16
— 2.2. The End of the Avar Kaganate … 18
— 2.3. Pribina’s Principality of Nitra … 19
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3. Great Moravia … 20
— 3.1. The Byzantine Mission … 22
— 3.2. The Reign of Svätopluk … 24
— 3.3. The End of Great Moravia … 27
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II. SLOVAKIA IN THE KINGDOM OF HUNGARY UNDER THE HOUSE OF ÁRPÁD (Ján Lukačka – Ján Steinhübel)
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1. The Origin and Beginnings of the Kingdom of Hungary … 31
— 1.1. In the Neighbourhood of the Old Magyars … 31
— 1.2. The Subordinate Principality of Nitra … 32
— 1.3. The Flourishing of the Principality of Nitra … 35
— 1.4. The End of the Subordinate Principality of Nitra … 37
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2. Hungary and Slovakia in the 12th Century … 38
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3. The Economic, Social and Cultural Situation in the 10th-12th Centuries … 39
— 3.1. The Continuity of Christianity … 43
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4. The Kingdom of Hungary and Slovakia in the 13th Century … 45
— 4.1. The Tartar Invasion … 47
— 4.2. The War of the Babenberg Succession and the Anarchy under the Last Kings of the Árpád Dynasty … 47
— 4.3. The Economic Situation. The Origin of Privileged Boroughs … 49
— 4.4. Development of the County Territorial Organization … 51
— 4.5. Changes in the Structure of Society … 51
— 4.6. Development of Ecclesiastical Organization, Education and Art … 53
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III. SLOVAKIA IN THE HIGH MIDDLE AGES (Blanka Brezováková – Daniela Dvořáková – Ivan Mrva – David P. Daniel)
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1. The Political Crisis at the Beginning of the 14th Century (Blanka Brezováková)
— 1.1. Candidates for the Hungarian Throne … 55
— 1.2. Charles Robert of Anjou against Matthew Csák and the Amadé Family … 61
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2. Slovakia in the 14th Century (Blanka Brezováková)
— 2.1. Political Changes … 65
— 2.2. Reform Policy of the Angevin Kings … 69
— 2.3. Slovakia — the Economic Centre of the Kingdom of Hungary … 71
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3. Political History of the 15th Century (Daniela Dvořáková)
— 3.1. Sigismund of Luxembourg … 77
— 3.2. Birth of the Estates System … 82
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4. The Structure of Late Medieval Society (Daniela Dvořáková) … 88
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5. Culture in the 15th Century (Daniela Dvořáková)
— 5.1. Court Culture … 93
— 5.2. Changes in the Culture of the Nobility … 96
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6. The Jagellon Era (Ivan Mrva – David P. Daniel)
— 6.1. Dynastic Changes in the Kingdom of Hungary and Central Europe … 98
— 6.2. The Causes and Effects of Noble Dominance … 100
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IV. SLOVAKIA DURING THE EARLY MODERN ERA 1526-1711 (Ivan Mrva – David P. Daniel) … 105
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1. Slovakia and the Struggle for the Hungarian Crown
— 1.1. The Defeat at Mohács and its Aftermath … 106
— 1.2. Slovakia — the Core of the Hungarian Monarchy … 112
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2. Reformation, Re-Catholization and Domestic Political Conflicts
— 2.1. Introduction and Spread of the Evangelical Humanist Reformation … 114
— 2.2. Evangelical Confessions and Catholic Opposition … 118
— 2.3. The Consolidation of the Reformatio … 120
— 2.4. Re-Catholization by Force, the Insurrection of Stephen Bocskai and its Aftermath … 122
— 2.5. The Hungarian Revolts and the Thirty Years’ War … 127
— 2.6. The Insurrection of George I Rákóczi … 130
— 2.7. War with the Turks and the Conspiracy of Francis Wesselényi … 133
— 2.8. Royal Absolutism and Catholic Supremacy … 135
— 2.9. The Insurrection of Emerich Thököly and the End of the Turkish Yoke … 137
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3. Society in Early Modern Slovakia
— 3.1. Changes in the Ethnic Composition of Slovakia during the 16th and 17th Centuries … 141
— 3.2. The Development of Slovak Nationality … 143
— 3.3. Social Structure of the Population … 146
— 3.3.1. Nobles … 146
— 3.3.2. The Subject Population - the Serfs … 147
— 3.3.3. The Towns and their Population … 149
— 3.4. Economic Developments and the Living Conditions of the Population … 151
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4. Schools, Education and Culture … 154
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V. SLOVAKIA IN A PERIOD OF STRUCTURAL CHANGES 1711-1848 (Eva Kowalská)
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1. The Political Framework of the Period 1711-1848 … 159
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2. The Population and Economic Potential of Slovakia
— 2.1. Settlement and Structure of the Population … 164
— 2.2. Slovakia as an Economic Unit … 168
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3. Factors of Modernization
— 3.1. The State as Initiator of Modernizing Changes … 172
— 3.2. The Laicization of Cultural Life … 174
— 3.3. The Beginnings of Civil Society … 177
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4. From Ethnic Group to Modern Nation — the National Movement of the Slovaks
— 4.1. The Initial Situation of the Bearers of Ethnic Consciousness … 178
— 4.1.1. The Question of the Written Language … 178
— 4.1.2. The Question of Historical Tradition … 180
— 4.1.3. The Question of Slavonic Identity … 181
— 4.2. Periodization of the National Movement of the Slovaks up to the Middle of the 19th Century … 182
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VI. ON THE ROAD TO MODERNIZATION 1848-1918 (Elena Mannová – Roman Holec)
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1. Society in Slovakia. The Transformation of Estates Structures into Civil Structures (Elena Mannová)
— 1.1. Demographic and Social Development and Urbanization … 185
— 1.2. Emigration … 191
— 1.3. The Institutionalization of New Social Relations. Voluntary Associations … 192
— 1.4. The Process of Formation of the Modern Slovak Nation … 196
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2. Slovakia in the Economy of the Kingdom of Hungary (Roman Holec)
— 2.1. Agriculture … 201
— 2.2. Industry … 202
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3. In the Political Lines of Force (1848-1914) (Roman Holec)
— 3.1. The Politics of Petitions and Memoranda … 206
— 3.2. The Period of Defence and Passivity … 209
— 3.3. The Coming of New Currents and Conceptions … 211
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4. Culture in a Multi-Ethnic Environment (Elena Mannová)
— 4.1. Way of Life, Regional and Social Differences … 215
— 4.2. Religious and Church Life … 219
— 4.3. Education … 223
— 4.4. The Periodical Press and Book Culture … 223
— 4.5. Art and Science … 227
— 4.6. Collective Identities … 231
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5. The Slovaks in the Whirlwind of War (Roman Holec) … 234
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VII. SLOVAKIA IN THE 20TH CENTURY (Ľubomir Lipták)
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1. Slovakia between the Wars … 241
— 1.1. The Struggle for Slovakia … 241
— 1.2. The Political System … 244
— 1.3. Economic Problems and the Social Consequences … 248
— 1.4. The International and Internal Crisis of the Thirties … 254
— 1.5. Autonomy for Slovakia and the Origin of the Slovak Republic … 256
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2. The Slovak Republic 1939-1945 … 259
— 2.1. The International Position of the Slovak Republic and its Political System … 259
— 2.2. The Anti-Fascist Struggle … 266
— 2.3. The Slovak National Uprising … 268
— 2.4. The Regions Occupied by Germany, Poland and Hungary … 271
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3. Post-War Slovakia … 274
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4. The Communist Dictatorship in Slovakia … 278
— 4.1. The Political System … 278
— 4.2. The Communist Model of Industrialization and Modernization … 284
— 4.3. The Reform Movement of the Sixties. 1968 … 286
— 4.4. The “Normalization” of Dictatorship … 291
— 4.5. The Crisis and Fall of the Communist Dictatorship … 293
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5. From Czecho-Slovakia to the Slovak Republic … 296
— 5.1. The Three Strategic Transformations after 1989 … 296
— 5.2. The Slovak Republic … 301
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EPILOGUE: THE BASIC PROBLEMS OF SLOVAK HISTORY AND HISTORIOGRAPHY (Alexander Avenarius)
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1. The History of Slovakia in the Context of the Kingdom of Hungary … 307
2. The History of Slovakia in its Central European Context: Slovak History as a Geopolitical Problem … 310
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Selected Bibliography … 315
Index of Persons … 343
List of Maps … 353
Edition Notes
Includes bibliographical references.
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