Practical electronics for inventors

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April 26, 2026 | History

Practical electronics for inventors

Third edition.
  • 6 Want to read
  • 1 Currently reading

Spark your creativity and gain the electronics skills required to transform your innovative ideas into functioning gadgets. This hands-on, updated guide outlines electrical principles and provides thorough, easy-to-follow instructions, schematics, and illustrations. Find out how to select components, safely assemble circuits, perform error tests, and build plug-and-play prototypes. Practical Electronics for Inventors, Third Edition, features all-new chapters on sensors, microcontrollers, modular electronics, and the latest software tools.

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Practical electronics for inventors
2013, McGraw-Hill Education TAB
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Table of Contents

Preface
Page xxiii
Acknowledgments
Page xxv
Chapter 1. Introduction to Electronics
Page 1
Chapter 2. Theory
Page 5
2.1. Theory of Electronics
Page 5
2.2. Electric Current
Page 6
2.2.1. Currents in Perspective
Page 9
2.3. Voltage
Page 9
2.3.1. The Mechanisms of Voltage
Page 11
2.3.2. Definition of Volt and Generalized Power Law
Page 14
2.3.3. Combining Batteries
Page 15
2.3.4. Other Voltage Sources
Page 16
2.3.5. Water Analogies
Page 17
2.4. A Microscopic View of Conduction (For Those Who Are Interested)
Page 18
2.4.1. Applying a Voltage
Page 21
2.5. Resistance, Resistivity, Conductivity
Page 23
2.5.1. How the Shape of a Conductor Affects Resistance
Page 24
2.5.2. Resistivity and Conductivity
Page 25
2.6. Insulators, Conductors, and Semiconductors
Page 28
2.7. Heat and Power
Page 31
2.8. Thermal Heat Conduction and Thermal Resistance
Page 34
2.8.1. Importance of Heat Production
Page 37
2.9. Wire Gauges
Page 39
2.10. Grounds
Page 40
2.10.1. Earth Ground
Page 42
2.10.2. Different Types of Ground Symbols
Page 45
2.10.3. Loose Ends on Grounding
Page 47
2.11. Electric Circuits
Page 49
2.12. Ohm's Law and Resistors
Page 50
2.12.1. Resistor Power Ratings
Page 51
2.12.2. Resistors in Parallel
Page 52
2.12.3. Resistors in Series
Page 55
2.12.4. Reducing a Complex Resistor Network
Page 58
2.12.5. Multiple Voltage Dividers
Page 61
2.13. Voltage and Current Sources
Page 62
2.14. Measuring Voltage, Current, and Resistance
Page 65
2.15. Combining Batteries
Page 67
2.16. Open and Short Circuits
Page 68
2.17. Kirchhoff's Laws
Page 69
2.18. Superposition Theorem
Page 74
2.19. Thevenin's and Norton's Theorems
Page 76
2.19.1. Thevenin's Theorem
Page 76
2.19.2. Norton's Theorem
Page 77
2.20. AC Circuits
Page 80
2.20.1. Generating AC
Page 81
2.20.2. Water Analogy of AC
Page 82
2.20.3. Pulsating DC
Page 82
2.20.4. Combining Sinusoidal Sources
Page 83
2.20.5. AC Waveforms
Page 84
2.20.6. Describing an AC Waveform
Page 84
2.20.7. Frequency and Period
Page 85
2.20.8. Phase
Page 86
2.21. AC and Resistors, RMS Voltage, and Current
Page 87
2.22. Mains Power
Page 92
2.23. Capacitors
Page 94
2.23.1. Determining Capacitance
Page 97
2.23.2. Commercial Capacitors
2.23.3. Voltage Rating and Dielectric Breakdown
Page 99
2.23.4. Maxwell's Displacement Current
Page 100
2.23.5. Charge-Based Model of Current Through a Capacitor
Page 102
2.23.6. Capacitor Water Analogy
Page 104
2.23.7. Energy in a Capacitor
Page 105
2.23.8. RC Time Constant
Page 105
2.23.9. Stray Capacitance
Page 108
2.23.10. Capacitors in Parallel
Page 108
2.23.11. Capacitors in Series
Page 109
2.23.12. Alternating Current in a Capacitor
Page 110
2.23.13. Capacitive Reactance
Page 111
2.23.14. Capacitive Divider
Page 113
2.23.15. Quality Factor
Page 113
2.24. Inductors
Page 113
2.24.1. Electromagnetism
Page 114
2.24.2. Magnetic Fields and Their Influence
Page 117
2.24.3. Self-Inductance
Page 120
2.24.4. Inductors
Page 121
2.24.5. Inductor Water Analogy
Page 127
2.24.6. Inductor Equations
Page 128
2.24.7. Energy Within an Inductor
Page 133
2.24.8. Inductor Cores
Page 133
2.24.9. Understanding the Inductor Equations
Page 138
2.24.10. Energizing LR Circuit
Page 142
2.24.11. Deenergizing LR Circuit
Page 144
2.24.12. Voltage Spikes Due to Switching
Page 147
2.24.13. Straight-Wire Inductance
Page 147
2.24.14. Mutual Inductance and Magnetic Coupling
Page 148
2.24.15. Unwanted Coupling: Spikes, Lightning, and Other Pulses
Page 149
2.24.16. Inductors in Series and Parallel
Page 149
2.24.17. Alternating Current and Inductors
Page 150
2.24.18. Inductive Reactance
Page 151
2.24.19. Nonideal Inductor Model
Page 153
2.24.20. Quality Factor
Page 154
2.24.21. Inductor Applications
Page 155
2.25. Modeling Complex Circuits
Page 155
2.26. Complex Numbers
Page 159
2.27. Circuit with Sinusoidal Sources
Page 164
2.27.1. Analyzing Sinusoidal Circuits with Complex Impedances
Page 165
2.27.2. Sinusoidal Voltage Source in Complex Notation
Page 167
2.27.3. Odd Phenomena in Reactive Circuits
Page 175
2.28. Power in AC Circuits (Apparent Power, Real Power, Reactive Power)
Page 176
2.28.1. Power Factor
Page 178
2.29. Thevenin's Theorem in AC Form
Page 186
2.30. Resonant Circuits
Page 188
2.30.1. Resonance in RLC Circuits
Page 191
2.30.2. Q (Quality Factor) and Bandwidth
Page 193
2.30.3. Bandwidth
Page 194
2.30.4. Voltage Drop Across Components in RLC Resonant Circuit
Page 195
2.30.5. Capacitor Losses
Page 195
2.30.6. Parallel-Resonant Circuits
Page 196
2.30.7. The Q of Loaded Circuits
Page 202
2.31. Lecture on Decibels
Page 204
2.31.1. Alternative Decibel Representations
Page 207
2.32. Input and Output Impedance
Page 207
2.32.1. Input Impedance
Page 207
2.32.2. Output Impedance
Page 208
2.33. Two-Port Networks and Filters
Page 210
2.33.1. Filters
Page 210
2.33.2. Attenuators
Page 221
2.34. Transient Circuits
Page 223
2.34.1. Series RLC Circuit
Page 231
2.35. Circuits with Periodic Nonsinusoidal Sources
Page 235
2.35.1. Fourier Series
Page 236
2.36. Nonperiodic Sources
Page 243
2.37. SPICE
Page 245
2.37.1. How SPICE Works
Page 246
2.37.2. Limitations of SPICE and Other Simulators
Page 249
2.37.3. A Simple Simulation Example
Page 249
Chapter 3. Basic Electronic Circuit Components
Page 253
3.1. Wires, Cables, and Connectors
Page 253
3.1.1. Wires
Page 253
3.1.2. Cables
Page 256
3.1.3. Connectors
Page 256
3.1.4. Wiring and Connector Symbols
Page 261
3.1.5. High-Frequency Effects Within Wires and Cables
Page 262
3.2. Batteries
Page 271
3.2.1. How a Cell Works
Page 272
3.2.2. Primary Batteries
Page 274
3.2.3. Comparing Primary Batteries
Page 275
3.2.4. Secondary Batteries
Page 279
3.2.5. Battery Capacity
Page 287
3.2.6. Note on Internal Voltage Drop of a Battery
Page 289
3.3. Switches
Page 290
3.3.1. How a Switch Works
Page 291
3.3.2. Describing a Switch
Page 292
3.3.3. Kinds of Switches
Page 292
3.3.4. Simple Switch Applications
Page 294
3.4. Relays
Page 295
3.4.1. Specific Kinds of Relays
Page 297
3.4.2. A Few Notes about Relays
Page 298
3.4.3. Some Simple Relay Circuits
Page 299
3.5. Resistors
Page 299
3.5.1. Resistance and Ohm's Law
Page 301
3.5.2. Resistors in Series and Parallel
Page 302
3.5.3. Reading Resistor Labels
Page 304
3.5.4. Real Resistor Characteristics
Page 306
3.5.5. Types of Resistors
Page 314
3.5.6. Variable Resistors (Rheostats, Potentiometers, Trimmers)
Page 320
3.5.7. Potentiometer Characteristics
Page 322
3.6. Capacitors
Page 324
3.6.1. Capacitance
Page 326
3.6.2. Capacitors in Parallel
Page 326
3.6.3. Capacitors in Series
Page 327
3.6.4. RC Time Constant
Page 327
3.6.5. Capacitive Reactance
Page 328
3.6.6. Real Capacitors
Page 329
3.6.7. Capacitor Specifications
Page 329
3.6.8. Types of Capacitors
Page 333
3.6.9. Capacitor Applications
Page 341
3.6.10. Timing and Sample and Hold
Page 347
3.6.11. RC Ripple Filter
Page 348
3.6.12. Arc Suppression
Page 350
3.6.13. Supercapacitor Applications
Page 352
3.6.14. Problems
Page 352
3.7. Inductors
Page 355
3.7.1. Inductance
Page 357
3.7.2. Constructing Inductors
Page 357
3.7.3. Inductors in Series and Parallel
Page 357
3.7.4. RL Time Constant
Page 359
3.7.5. Inductive Reactance
Page 360
3.7.6. Real Inductors
Page 361
3.7.7. Inductor Specifications
Page 361
3.7.8. Types of Inductors
Page 363
3.7.9. Reading Inductor Labels
Page 367
3.7.10. Inductor Applications
Page 369
3.7.11. EMI/EMC Design Tips
Page 373
3.8. Transformers
Page 374
3.8.1. Basic Operations
Page 374
3.8.2. Transformer Construction
Page 385
3.8.3. Autotransformers and Variable Transformers
Page 387
3.8.4. Circuit Isolation and the Isolation Transformer
Page 389
3.8.5. Various Standard and Specialized Transformers
Page 390
3.8.6. Transformer Applications
Page 391
3.9. Fuses and Circuit Breakers
Page 397
3.9.1. Types of Fuses and Circuit Breakers
Page 398
Chapter 4. Semiconductors
Page 401
4.1. Semiconductor Technology
Page 401
4.1.1. What Is a Semiconductor?
Page 401
4.1.2. Applications of Silicon
Page 406
4.2. Diodes
Page 407
4.2.1. How p-n Junction Diodes Work
Page 407
4.2.2. Diode Water Analogy
Page 409
4.2.3. Kinds of Rectifiers/Diodes
Page 409
4.2.4. Practical Considerations
Page 411
4.2.5. Diode/Rectifier Applications
Page 412
4.2.6. Zener Diodes
Page 420
4.2.7. Zener Diode Applications
Page 423
4.2.8. Varactor Diodes (Variable Capacitance Diodes)
Page 424
4.2.9. PIN Diodes
Page 426
4.2.10. Microwave Diodes (IMPATT, Gunn, Tunnel, etc.)
Page 426
4.2.11. Problems
Page 427
4.3. Transistors
Page 429
4.3.1. Introduction to Transistors
Page 429
4.3.2. Bipolar Transistors
Page 430
4.3.3. Junction Field-Effect Transistors
Page 449
4.3.4. Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors
Page 459
4.3.5. Unijunction Transistors
Page 468
4.4. Thyristor
Page 472
4.4.1. Introduction
Page 472
4.4.2. Silicon-Controlled Rectifiers
Page 473
4.4.3. Silicon-Controlled Switches
Page 476
4.4.4. Triacs
Page 477
4.4.5. Four-Layer Diodes and Diacs
Page 480
4.5. Transient Voltage Suppressors
Page 481
4.5.1. Lecture on Transients
Page 482
4.5.2. Devices Used to Suppress Transients
Page 483
4.6. Integrated Circuits
Page 491
4.6.1. IC Packages
Page 492
Chapter 5. Optoelectronics
Page 495
5.1. A Little Lecture on Photons
Page 495
5.2. Lamps
Page 497
5.3. Light-Emitting Diodes
Page 499
5.3.1. How an LED Works
Page 500
5.3.2. Kinds of LEDs
Page 501
5.3.3. More on LEDs
Page 502
5.3.4. LED Applications
Page 505
5.3.5. Laser Diodes
Page 506
5.4. Photoresistors
Page 512
5.4.1. How a Photoresistor Works
Page 512
5.4.2. Technical Stuff
Page 513
5.4.3. Applications
Page 513
5.5. Photodiodes
Page 514
5.5.1. How a Photodiode Works
Page 514
5.5.2. Basic Operations
Page 515
5.5.3. Kinds of Photodiodes
Page 515
5.6. Solar Cells
Page 516
5.6.1. Basic Operations
Page 517
5.7. Phototransistors
Page 517
5.7.1. How a Phototransistor Works
Page 518
5.7.2. Basic Configurations
Page 518
5.7.3. Kinds of Phototransistors
Page 519
5.7.4. Technical Stuff
Page 519
5.7.5. Applications
Page 520
5.8. Photothyristors
Page 521
5.8.1. How LASCRs Work
Page 521
5.8.2. Basic Operation
Page 522
5.9. Optoisolators
Page 522
5.9.1. Integrated Optoisolators
Page 523
5.9.2. Applications
Page 523
5.10. Optical Fiber
Page 524
Chapter 6. Sensors
Page 525
6.1. General Principles
Page 525
6.1.1. Precision, Accuracy, and Resolution
Page 525
6.1.2. The Observer Effect
Page 526
6.1.3. Calibration
Page 526
6.2. Temperature
Page 528
6.2.1. Thermistors
Page 529
6.2.2. Thermocouples
Page 531
6.2.3. Resistive Temperature Detectors
Page 532
6.2.4. Analog Output Thermometer ICs
Page 532
6.2.5. Digital Thermometer ICs
Page 533
6.2.6. Infrared Thermometers/Pyrometers
Page 534
6.2.7. Summary
Page 534
6.3. Proximity and Touch
Page 535
6.3.1. Touch Screens
Page 535
6.3.2. Ultrasonic Distance
Page 536
6.3.3. Optical Distance
Page 537
6.3.4. Capacitive Sensors
Page 539
6.3.5. Summary
Page 539
6.4. Movement, Force, and Pressure
Page 540
6.4.1. Passive Infrared
Page 540
6.4.2. Acceleration
Page 541
6.4.3. Rotation
Page 542
6.4.4. Flow
Page 543
6.4.5. Force
Page 544
6.4.6. Tilt
Page 545
6.4.7. Vibration and Mechanical Shock
Page 545
6.4.8. Pressure
Page 545
6.5. Chemical
Page 546
6.5.1. Smoke
Page 546
6.5.2. Gas
Page 546
6.5.3. Humidity
Page 547
6.6. Light, Radiation, Magnetism, and Sound
Page 547
6.6.1. Light
Page 547
6.6.2. Ionizing Radiation
Page 547
6.6.3. Magnetic Fields
Page 548
6.6.4. Sound
Page 549
6.7. GPS
Page 549
Chapter 7. Hands-on Electronics
Page 551
7.1. Safety
Page 551
7.1.1. Lecture on Safety
Page 551
7.1.2. Damaging Components with Electrostatic Discharge
Page 555
7.1.3. Component Handling Precautions
Page 555
7.2. Constructing Circuits
Page 556
7.2.1. Drawing a Circuit Schematic
Page 556
7.2.2. A Note on Circuit Simulator Programs
Page 558
7.2.3. Making a Prototype of Your Circuit
Page 558
7.2.4. The Final Circuit
Page 559
7.2.5. Making a PCB
Page 562
7.2.6. Special Pieces of Hardware Used in Circuit Construction
Page 567
7.2.7. Soldering
Page 568
7.2.8. Desoldering
Page 569
7.2.9. Enclosing the Circuit
Page 569
7.2.10. Useful Items to Keep Handy
Page 570
7.2.11. Troubleshooting the Circuits You Build
Page 570
7.3. Multimeters
Page 571
7.3.1. Basic Operation
Page 572
7.3.2. How Analog VOMs Work
Page 573
7.3.3. How Digital Multimeters Work
Page 574
7.3.4. A Note on Measurement Errors
Page 574
7.4. Oscilloscopes
Page 575
7.4.1. How Scopes Work
Page 576
7.4.2. Interior Circuitry of a Scope
Page 578
7.4.3. Aiming the Beam
Page 579
7.4.4. Scope Usage
Page 580
7.4.5. What All the Little Knobs and Switches Do
Page 581
7.4.6. Measuring Things with Scopes
Page 586
7.4.7. Scope Applications
Page 590
7.4.8. Measuring Impedances
Page 592
7.5. The Electronics Laboratory
Page 594
7.5.1. Work Area
Page 594
7.5.2. Test Equipment
Page 595
7.5.3. Multimeters
Page 596
7.5.4. DC Power Supplies
Page 597
7.5.5. Oscilloscope
Page 598
7.5.6. Oscilloscope Probes
Page 600
7.5.7. General-Purpose Function Generator
Page 607
7.5.8. Frequency Counter
Page 608
7.5.9. Computer
Page 608
7.5.10. Miscellaneous Test Equipment
Page 609
7.5.11. Multifunction PC Instruments
Page 610
7.5.12. Isolation Transformers
Page 611
7.5.13. Variable Transformers, or Variacs
Page 613
7.5.14. Substitution Boxes
Page 614
7.5.15. Test Cables, Connectors, and Adapters
Page 616
7.5.16. Soldering Equipment
Page 618
7.5.17. Prototyping Boards
Page 620
7.5.18. Hand Tools
Page 622
7.5.19. Wires, Cables, Hardware, and Chemicals
Page 624
7.5.20. Electronics Catalogs
Page 626
7.5.21. Recommended Electronics Parts
Page 627
7.5.22. Electronic CAD Programs
Page 620
7.5.23. Building Your Own Workbench
Page 631
Chapter 8. Operational Amplifiers
Page 635
8.1. Operational Amplifier Water Analogy
Page 636
8.2. How Op Amps Work (The "Cop-Out" Explanation)
Page 637
8.3. Theory
Page 638
8.4. Negative Feedback
Page 639
8.5. Positive Feedback
Page 644
8.6. Real Kinds of Op Amps
Page 645
8.7. Op Amp Specifications
Page 647
8.8. Powering Op Amps
Page 649
8.9. Some Practical Notes
Page 650
8.10. Voltage and Current Offset Compensation
Page 651
8.11. Frequency Compensation
Page 652
8.12. Comparators
Page 652
8.13. Comparators with Hysteresis
Page 654
8.13.1. Inverting Comparator with Hysteresis
Page 654
8.13.2. Noninverting Comparator with Hysteresis
Page 655
8.14. Using Single-Supply Comparators
Page 656
8.15. Window Comparator
Page 656
8.16. Voltage-Level Indicator
Page 657
8.17. Applications
Page 657
Chapter 9. Filters
Page 663
9.1. Things to Know Before You Start Designing Filters
Page 664
9.2. Basic Filters
Page 665
9.3. Passive Low-Pass Filter Design
Page 666
9.4. A Note on Filter Types
Page 670
9.5. Passive High-Pass Filter Design
Page 670
9.6. Passive Bandpass Filter Design
Page 672
9.7. Passive Notch Filter Design
Page 674
9.8. Active Filter Design
Page 675
9.8.1. Active Low-Pass Filter Example
Page 676
9.8.2. Active High-Pass Filter Example
Page 677
9.8.3. Active Bandpass Filters
Page 678
9.8.4. Active Notch Filters
Page 680
9.9. Integrated Filter Circuits
Page 681
Chapter 10. Oscillators and Timers
Page 684
10.1. RC Relaxation Oscillators
Page 684
10.2. The 555 Timer IC
Page 686
10.2.1. How a 555 Works (Astable Operation)
Page 687
10.2.2. Basic Astable Operation
Page 688
10.2.3. How a 555 Works (Monostable Operation)
Page 689
10.2.4. Basic Monostable Operation
Page 690
10.2.5. Some Important Notes About 555 Timers
Page 690
10.2.6. Simple 555 Applications
Page 691
10.3. Voltage-Controlled Oscillators
Page 692
10.4. Wien-Bridge and Twin-T Oscillators
Page 693
10.5. LC Oscillators (Sinusoidal Oscillators)
Page 693
10.6. Crystal Oscillators
Page 696
10.7. Microcontroller Oscillators
Page 698
Chapter 11. Voltage Regulators and Power Supplies
Page 699
11.1. Voltage-Regulator ICs
Page 701
11.1.1. Fixed Regulator ICs
Page 701
11.1.2. Adjustable Regulator ICs
Page 702
11.1.3. Regulator Specifications
Page 702
11.2. A Quick Look at a Few Regulator Applications
Page 702
11.3. The Transformer
Page 703
11.4. Rectifier Packages
Page 703
11.5. A Few Simple Power Supplies
Page 704
11.6. Technical Points About Ripple Reduction
Page 707
11.7. Loose Ends
Page 709
11.8. Switching Regulator Supplies (Switchers)
Page 710
11.9. Switch-Mode Power Supplies
Page 713
11.10. Kinds of Commercial Power Supply Packages
Page 714
11.11. Power Supply Construction
Page 715
Chapter 12. Digital Electronics
Page 717
12.1. The Basics of Digital Electronics
Page 717
12.1.1. Digital Logic States
Page 717
12.1.2. Number Codes Used in Digital Electronics
Page 718
12.1.3. Clock Timing and Parallel Versus Serial Transmission
Page 725
12.2. Logic Gates
Page 726
12.2.1. Multiple-Input Logic Gates
Page 727
12.2.2. Digital Logic Gate ICs
Page 727
12.2.3. Applications for a Single Logic Gate
Page 728
12.2.4. Combinational Logic
Page 730
12.2.5. Keeping Circuits Simple (Karnaugh Maps)
Page 737
12.3. Combinational Devices
Page 740
12.3.1. Multiplexers (Data Selectors) and Bilateral Switches
Page 741
12.3.2. Demultiplexers (Data Distributors) and Decoders
Page 743
12.3.3. Encoders and Code Converters
Page 745
12.3.4. Binary Adders
Page 748
12.3.5. Binary Adder/Subtractor
Page 750
12.3.6. Arithmetic Logic Units
Page 751
12.3.7. Comparators and Magnitude Comparator ICs
Page 752
12.3.8. Parity Generator/Checker
Page 753
12.3.9. A Note on Obsolescence and the Trend Toward Microcontroller Control
Page 754
12.4. Logic Families
Page 755
12.4.1. TTL Family of ICs
Page 756
12.4.2. CMOS Family of ICs
Page 757
12.4.3. I/O Voltages and Noise Margins
Page 758
12.4.4. Current Ratings, Fanout, and Propagation Delays
Page 759
12.4.5. A Detailed Look at the TTL and CMOS Subfamilies
Page 760
12.4.6. A Look at a Few Other Logic Series
Page 760
12.4.7. Logic Gates with Open-Collector Outputs
Page 763
12.4.8. Schmitt-Triggered Gates
Page 764
12.4.9. Interfacing Logic Families
Page 765
12.5. Powering and Testing Logic ICs
Page 767
12.5.1. Power Supply Decoupling
Page 767
12.5.2. Unused Inputs
Page 767
12.5.3. Logic Probes and Logic Pulsers
Page 768
12.6. Sequential Logic
Page 769
12.6.1. SR Flip-Flops
Page 770
12.6.2. SR Flip-Flop ICs
Page 774
12.6.3. D-Type Flip-Flops
Page 775
12.6.4. Quad and Octal D Flip-Flops
Page 778
12.6.5. JK Flip-Flops
Page 780
12.6.6. Practical Timing Considerations with Flip-Flops
Page 784
12.6.7. Digital Clock Generators and Single-Pulse Generators
Page 784
12.6.8. Automatic Power-Up Clear (Reset) Circuits
Page 789
12.6.9. More on Switch Debouncers
Page 789
12.6.10. Pullup and Pulldown Resistors
Page 790
12.7. Counter ICs
Page 791
12.7.1. Asynchronous Counter (Ripple Counter) ICs
Page 792
12.7.2. Synchronous Counter ICs
Page 794
12.7.3. A Note on Counters with Displays
Page 797
12.8. Shift Registers
Page 802
12.8.1. Serial-In/Serial-Out Shift Registers
Page 802
12.8.2. Serial-In/Parallel-Out Shift Registers
Page 803
12.8.3. Parallel-In/Serial-Out Shift Registers
Page 803
12.8.4. Ring Counter (Shift Register Sequencer)
Page 804
12.8.5. Johnson Shift Counter
Page 805
12.8.6. Shift Register ICs
Page 805
12.8.7. Simple Shift Register Applications
Page 809
12.9. Three-State Buffers, Latches, and Transceivers
Page 812
12.9.1. Three-State Octal Buffers
Page 812
12.9.2. Three-State Octal Latches and Flip-Flops
Page 814
12.9.3. Transceivers
Page 814
12.10. Analog/Digital Interfacing
Page 816
12.10.1. Triggering Simple Logic Responses from Analog Signals
Page 816
12.10.2. Using Logic to Drive External Loads
Page 817
12.10.3. Analog Switches
Page 818
12.10.4. Analog Multiplexer/Demultiplexer
Page 819
12.10.5. Analog-to-Digital and Digital-to-Analog Conversion
Page 820
12.10.6. Analog-to-Digital Converters
Page 827
12.11. Displays
Page 829
12.11.1. LED Displays
Page 829
12.11.2. Liquid-Crystal Displays
Page 833
12.12. Memory Devices
Page 845
12.12.1. Read-Only Memory
Page 846
12.12.2. Simple ROM Made Using Diodes
Page 846
12.12.3. Memory Size and Organization
Page 846
12.12.4. Simple Programmable ROM
Page 847
12.12.5. ROM Devices
Page 849
12.12.6. RAM
Page 852
Chapter 13. Microcontrollers
Page 859
13.1. Basic Structure of a Microcontroller
Page 860
13.2. Example Microcontrollers
Page 860
13.2.1. The ATtiny85 Microcontroller
Page 861
13.2.2. The PIC16Cx Microcontrollers
Page 865
13.2.3. 32-Bit Microcontrollers
Page 878
13.2.4. Digital Signal Processing
Page 878
13.3. Evaluation/Development Boards
Page 879
13.4. Arduino
Page 880
13.4.1. A Tour of Arduino
Page 880
13.4.2. The Arduino IDE
Page 881
13.4.3. Arduino Board Models
Page 881
13.4.4. Shields
Page 882
13.4.5. The Arduino C Library
Page 884
13.4.6. Arduino Example Project
Page 884
13.4.7. Taking the Arduino Offboard
Page 888
13.5. Interfacing with Microcontrollers
Page 890
13.5.1. Switches
Page 890
13.5.2. Analog Inputs
Page 894
13.5.3. High-Power Digital Outputs
Page 895
13.5.4. Sound Interfaces
Page 899
13.5.5. Serial Interfaces
Page 900
13.5.6. Level Conversion
Page 908
13.5.7. LED Display Interfaces
Page 908
Chapter 14. Motors
Page 913
14.1. DC Continuous Motors
Page 913
14.2. Speed Control of DC Motors
Page 914
14.3. Directional Control of DC Motors
Page 915
14.4. RC Servos
Page 916
14.5. Stepper Motors
Page 918
14.6. Kinds of Stepper Motors
Page 919
14.7. Driving Stepper Motors
Page 921
14.8. Controlling the Driver with a Translator
Page 923
14.9. A Final Word on Identifying Stepper Motors
Page 925
Chapter 15. Audio Electronics
Page 927
15.1. A Little Lecture on Sound
Page 927
15.2. Microphones
Page 929
15.3. Microphone Specifications
Page 930
15.4. Audio Amplifiers
Page 931
15.4.1. Inverting Amplifier
Page 931
15.4.2. Noninverting Amplifier
Page 932
15.4.3. Digital Amplifiers
Page 932
15.4.4. Reducing Hum in Audio Amplifiers
Page 934
15.5. Preamplifiers
Page 934
15.6. Mixer Circuits
Page 935
15.7. A Note on Impedance Matching
Page 935
15.8. Speakers
Page 936
15.9. Crossover Networks
Page 937
15.10. Simple ICs Used to Drive Speakers
Page 939
15.11. Audible-Signal Devices
Page 940
15.12. Miscellaneous Audio Circuits
Page 940
Chapter 16. Modular Electronics
Page 943
16.1. There's an IC for It
Page 943
16.2. Breakout Boards and Modules
Page 943
16.2.1. Radio Frequency Modules
Page 944
16.2.2. Audio Modules
Page 947
16.3. Plug-and-Play Prototyping
Page 948
16.4. Open Source Hardware
Page 950
Appendix A. Power Distribution and Home Wiring
Page 953
A.1. Power Distribution
Page 953
A.2. A Closer Look at Three-Phase Electricity
Page 954
A.3. Home Wiring
Page 956
A.4. Electricity in Other Countries
Page 957
Appendix B. Error Analysis
Page 959
B.1. Absolute Error, Relative Error, and Percent Error
Page 959
B.2. Uncertainty Estimates
Page 960
Appendix C. Useful Facts and Formulas
Page 963
C.1. Greek Alphabet
Page 963
C.2. Powers of 10 Unit Prefixes
Page 963
C.3. Linear Functions (y = mx + b)
Page 963
C.4. Quadratic Equation (y = ax2 + bx + c)
Page 964
C.5. Exponents and Logarithms
Page 964
C.6. Trigonometry
Page 964
C.7. Complex Numbers
Page 965
C.8. Differential Calculus
Page 965
C.9. Integral Calculus
Page 966
Index
Page 967

Edition Notes

Includes index.

Classifications

Dewey Decimal Class
621.381
Library of Congress
TK7816 .S347 2013, TK7816.S347 2012

The Physical Object

Pagination
xxv, 1014 pages
Number of pages
1014

Edition Identifiers

Open Library
OL27148193M
Internet Archive
practicalelectro0000sche_03ed
ISBN 10
0071771336
ISBN 13
9780071771337
LCCN
2012045581
OCLC/WorldCat
828332523

Work Identifiers

Work ID
OL19967988W

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