This volume has two papers, which can be read separately. The first paper concerns local collapsing in Riemannian geometry. We prove that a three-dimensional compact Riemannian manifold which is locally collapsed, with respect to a lower curvature bound, is a graph manifold. This theorem was stated by Perelman without proof and was used in his proof of the geometrization conjecture. The second paper is about the geometrization of orbifolds. A three-dimensional closed orientable orbifold, which has no bad suborbifolds, is known to have a geometric decomposition from work of Perelman in the manifold case, along with earlier work of Boileau-Leeb-Porti, Boileau-Maillot-Porti, Boileau-Porti, Cooper-Hodgson-Kerckhoff and Thurston. We give a new, logically independent, unified proof of the geometrization of orbifolds, using Ricci flow.--Provided by publisher