The Forgotten Millions tells the story of the modern Jewish exodus from Arab lands against the backdrop of the historical presence of Christian and other minorities in the Middle East. The Jewish presence in this area -- present-day Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, the Lebanon, Syria, Iraq and Yemen -- preceded the rise of Islam by more than a thousand years. These Jewish communities often played a leading role in the development of the region, particularly as recorded in the Cairo Genizah exhibition with which the book begins. In 1948, when the state of Israel was declared, there were an estimated 870,000 Jews in these countries. By 1976, a generation later, this most ancient diaspora of the Jewish people had virtually disappeared: only about 20,000 remain, mainly in North Africa. Of these refugees, some 200,000 opted for the Americas and other Western countries; the majority migrated to Israel; where today they and their progeny comprise nearly 45 per cent of the population. What happened to trigger the transfer of whole communities? Why did this historic movement and the tragedy that preceded it fail to leave their impress either on the contemporary annals of the Jewish people or on the consciousness of the free world? The Forgotten Millions probes the reasons for this silence. - Back cover.