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This wonderfully written book tells the story of British, American, and Russian expeditions, from the astronomer Edmond Halley's voyage in the Paramore in 1699 to the sealer John Balleny's 1839 voyage in the Eliza Scott, all in search of land, fur, or elephant seals. These were voyages for science, national prestige, and profit. Life was incredibly harsh: Crews had poor provisions and inadequate clothing and were constantly threatened by scurvy.
Often they had to make their own charts as they sailed in the stormy waters of the Southern Ocean below the Convergence, that sea frontier marking the boundary between the freezing Antarctic waters and the warmer sub-Antarctic seas. These seamen were the first to discover and exploit a new continent, which was not the verdant southern land they imagined but an inhospitable expanse of rock and ice, ringed by pack ice and icebergs - Antarctica.
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Previews available in: English
Showing 5 featured editions. View all 5 editions?
Edition | Availability |
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1
Below the Convergence: Voyages Toward Antarctica, 1699-1839
March 5, 2007, W. W. Norton
in English
0393329046 9780393329049
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2
Below the Convergence: Voyages Toward Antarctica, 1699-1839
March 5, 2007, W. W. Norton
in English
0393329046 9780393329049
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3
Below the Convergence
May 7, 1998, Trafalgar Square
Paperback
- New Ed edition
0712673296 9780712673297
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4
Below the Convergence: Voyages Toward Antarctica 1699-1839
February 1, 1998, Penguin (Non-Classics)
in English
0140272607 9780140272604
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5
Below the convergence: voyages toward Antarctica, 1699-1839
1997, Norton
in English
- 1st ed.
0393039498 9780393039498
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- Created April 29, 2008
- 7 revisions
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April 22, 2011 | Edited by OCLC Bot | Added OCLC numbers. |
August 6, 2010 | Edited by IdentifierBot | added LibraryThing ID |
April 24, 2010 | Edited by Open Library Bot | Fixed duplicate goodreads IDs. |
April 16, 2010 | Edited by bgimpertBot | Added goodreads ID. |
April 29, 2008 | Created by an anonymous user | Imported from amazon.com record |