An edition of Penal legislation in the new code of canon law (liber v)
(1920)
Penal legislation in the new code of canon law (liber v)
by Henry Amans Ayrinhac
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Book Details
Table of Contents
CONTENTS
FOREWORD 7
INTRODUCTION 21
PART I
OF DELINQUENCIES
TITLE I
NATURE OF DELINQUENCY AND ITS DIVISIONS 26
I. Nature of Delinquencies 26
II. Malice and Gravity of Delinquencies 27
III. Various Kinds of Delinquencies 28
1°. Occult, Public, Notorious. (Can. 2197.) 28
2°. Ecclesiastical, Civil, Mixed Delinquencies. (Can. 2198) 30
3°. Other Divisions 30
TITLE II
IMPUTABILITY OF DELINQUENCIES; CAUSES WHICH INCREASE OR DIMINISH IT; COOPERATION IN DELINQUENCIES; JURIDICAL EFFECTS OF DELINQUENCIES 31
I. Imputability of Delinquencies 31
II. Causes Which Take Away or Diminish Imputability 32
1°. Want of the Use of Reason 32
2°. Ignorance 33
3°. Neglect of Proper Diligence. (Cfen. 2203) 35
4°. Age 36
5°. Violence, Fear, Necessity. (Can. 2205.) 37
6°. Passion. (Can. 2206.) 38
7°. Personal Dignity and Responsibility. (Can. 2207.) 39
8°. Relapse. (Can. 2208.) 40
III. Cooperation in Delinquencies. (Can. 2209.) 41
1°. Nature and Various Forms of Cooperation 41
2°. Imputability in Cooperation 43
3°. Former Legislation 43
4°. Present Legislation 44
IV. Juridical Effects of Delinquencies. (Can. 2210-2211.) 46
TITLE III
ATTEMPTED DELINQUENCIES 47
I. Nature and Various Forms. (Can. 2212.) 47
1°. Nature 47
2°. Various Forms and Degrees of Criminal Attempts 48
II. Imputability and Punishment of Attempted Delinquencies. (Can. 2213.) 49
1°. Former Legislation 49
2°. Present Law 50
PART II
PENALTIES
SECTION 1
PENALTIES IN GENERAL
I. Existence and Use of the Coercive Power in the Church. (Can. 2214.) 53
TITLE IV
NATURE, SPECIES, INTERPRETATION AND APPLICATION OF PENALTIES 54
I. Nature of Ecclesiastical Penalties. (Can. 2216.) 54
II. Different Kinds of Ecclesiastical Penalties. (Can. 2216-2217) 55
1°. Division of Ecclesiastical Penalties 55
2°. Various Ways in Which Penalties are Inflicted or Incurred 55
III. Application of Penalties. (Can. 2218) 57
1°. Punishments Must Be in Due Proportion to the Delinquency 57
IV. Interpretation of Penalties. (Can. 2219.) 58
SUPERIORS HAVING COERCIVE POWER 59
I. Enactment of Penalties. (Can. 2220.) 59
1°. Penal Laws and Precepts 59
2°. Penal Sanctions 60
3°. Particular Punishments 60
II. Application of Penalties. (Can. 2223-2225.) 61
1°. The Mission of the Judge Is to Apply, Not to Make or Amend Laws 61
2°. Number of Punishments 62
3°. Manner of Proceeding 64
TITLE VI
THE PERSONS WHO ARE SUBJECT TO THE COERCIVE POWER 64
I. Who May Incur Ecclesiastical Penalties? (Can. 2226.) 64
1°. In General 64
2°. In Particular 65
II. Causes Excusing from Penalties 67
1°. Ignorance 67
2°. Lack of Deliberation 69
3°. Fear 69
4°. Age. (Can. 2230.) 69
III. Cooperators and the Penalties They Incur. (Can. 2231.) 70
IV. When Punishments Latae Sententiae Take Effect. (Can. 2232.) 71
1°. General Principle 71
2°. Former Legislation 71
3°. Present Legislation 72
V. When Can a Penalty Be Inflicted? 74
VI. Culprits Guilty of Several Delinquencies. (Can. 2234.) 76
VII. Punishment of Attempted or Frustrated Delinquencies. (Can. 2235) 76
TITLE VII
REMISSION OR PENALTIES. (CAN. 2236-2240.) 77
I. General Notions 77
II. Ordinary Power to Release from Penalties 78
III. Quasi-Ordinary Power of Bishops to Release from Penalties 79
1°. Former Discipline 79
2°. Present Legislation 80
A. In Public Cases 80
B. In Occult Cases 82
IV. Conditions for Remission of Penalties 82
V. Mode of Release from Ecclesiastical Penalties. (Can. 2239.) 83
VI. Prescription of Penal Actions. (Can. 2240.) 84
SECTION II
PENALTIES IN PARTICULAR
TITLE VIII
MEDICINAL PENALTIES OR CENSURES 85
CHAPTER I
CENSURES IN GENERAL 85
I. Nature of Censures. (Can. 2241.) 85
1°. General Notion 85
2°. Definition of Censure 86
3°. Gravity and Use of These Penalties 88
II. Conditions for Contracting Censures. (Can. 2242.) 88
III. Appeal from or Recourse Against Censures. (Can. 2243.) 90
1°. Appeal from Censures Already Inflicted 90
2°. Threat of Censure 91
IV. Multiplication of Censures in the Same Subject. (Can. 2244.) 92
1°. Possibility of Such Multiplication 92
2°. Causes of Multiplication of Censures 92
V. Reservation of Censures. (Can. 2245.) 94
1°. Nature and Existence 94
2°. Different Kinds of Reservations 94
3°. Restrictions on Reservations. (Con. 2246-2247.) 96
VI. Absolution from Censures. (Can. 2248.) 97
1°. Necessity, Obligation, Efficacy 97
2°. Absolution from Several Censures 98
3°. Absolution from Censure and from Sin. (Can. 2250.) 100
4°. Absolution in the Internal and in the External Forum. (Can. 2251.) 101
5°. Absolution in Cases of Danger of Death. (Can. 2252.) 103
6°. Absolution Outside the Case of Danger of Death or of Necessity. (Can. 2253.) 103
7°. Absolution from Censure in Cases of Urgent Necessity. (Can. 2254.) 105
A. Former Discipline 105
B. Present Legislation 108
Chapter II
CENSURES IN PARTICULAR 113
General Notions; Various Kinds of Censures; Their Characteristics 113
1°. Kinds 113
2°. Main Characteristics 113
3°. Some Terms Used in Defining the Effects of Censures. (Can. 2266.) 114
ARTICLE I
EXCOMMUNICATION 116
I. Nature and Degrees of Excommunication 116
1°. Nature 115
2°. Degrees of Excommunication 117
A. Major and Minor Excommunication 118
B. Vitandi et non Vitandi, aut Tolerati 119
C. Anathema 120
II. Effects of Excommunication. (Can. 2259.) 121
1°. Divine Offices 121
2°. Use of the Sacraments and Sacramentals; Christian Burial 122
3°. Administration or Active Use of the Sacraments and Sacramentals 122
4°. Indulgences, Suffrages and Public Prayers of the Church. (Can. 2262.) 123
5°. Ecclesiastical Legitimate Acts, Forum, Offices, and Functions 124
6°. Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction 125
7°. Ecclesiastical Appointments, Promotions, Favors 126
8°. Dignities, Offices, Benefices, Pensions, Functions in the Church 126
9°. Social Intercourse 126
ARTICLE II
INTERDICT 127
I. Nature of Interdict 128
II. Different Kinds of Interdict 129
1°. Local, Personal or Mixed' Interdicts 129
2°. Particular and General Interdicts 130
III. Origin and Development of Interdict 132
1°. Origin 132
2°. Development 133
IV. Who Has Power to Impose Interdicts 135
V. Effects of Interdicts. (Can. 2270-2277.) 137
1°. General Local Interdicts 137
2°. Particular Local Interdicts 138
3°. General Personal Interdicts 139
4°. Particular Personal Interdicts 140
5°. Interdict from "Entry to the Church" 141
6°. Partial Mixed Interdicts 141
7°. Application of the Foregoing Rules 142
8°. Cessation from Divine Services 142
ARTICLE III
SUSPENSION 143
I. Nature of Suspension 143
II. Origin and Development of Suspension 144
1°. Origin 144
2°. Development of the Discipline 145
III. Species of Suspensions 146
IV. Effects of Suspension 148
1°. General Principles 148
2°. Suspension from Office 149
3°. Suspension from Benefice 150
4°. General Suspension 151
TITLE IX
VINDICTIVE PENALTIES 152
General Principles 152
1°. Nature 152
2°. Appeal from Vindictive Penalties Has Ordinarily a Suspensive Effect and Not a Merely Devolutive One, as Is Frequently the Case with Recourse from Censures. (Can. 2243.) 152
3°. Execution of Vindictive Penalties 152
4°. Release from Vindictive Penalties 153
Chapter I
COMMON VINDICTIVE PENALTIES 154
I. List of Principal Ones 154
II. Of Some Penalties in Particular 156
1°. The Penal Transfer or Suppression of an Episcopal See 156
2°. Infamy 150
3°. Disability 157
4°. Pecuniary Fines 158
Chapter II
VINDICTIVE PENALTIES SPECIAL TO ECCLESIASTICS. (Can. 2298.) 159
I. Enumeration of These Penalties 159
II. Of Some Punishments in Particular 160
1°. Privation of Office, Benefice, or Dignity. (Can. 2299.) 160
2°. Prohibition to Wear the Ecclesiastical Dress. (Can. 2300.) 161
3°. Prohibition or Command to Reside in a Specified Place. (Can. 2301-2302.) 161
4°. Deposition. (Can. 2303.) 163
5°. Degradation. (Can. 2305.) 165
TITLE X
PENAL REMEDIES AND PENANCES 169
Chapter I
PENAL REMEDIES 169
I. General Notions 169
II. Admonition and Correction. (Can. 2307-2309.) 172
1°. Nature 172
2°. Object 172
3°. Form 172
III. The Precept or Injunction. (Can. 2310.) 173
1°. Its Nature 173
2°. Conditions 174
3°. Form 174
IV. Surveillance. (Can. 2311.) 175
Chapter II
PENANCES 176
PART III
PENALTIES FOR INDIVIDUAL DELINQUENCIES PRELIMINARY REMARKS 178
1°. Object of this Third Part 178
2°. Its Importance 178
3°. Divisions 180
4°. Interpretation 181
TITLE XI
DELINQUENCIES AGAINST FAITH AND AGAINST THE UNITY OR THE CHURCH 182
I. Apostasy, Heresy, Schism 182
1°. Nature 183
2°. Former Discipline 185
3°. Present Law vs Const. Apolt. Becks 190
4°. Penalties Now in Force Against Apostates, Heretics, Schismatics 193
5°. Remission of These Penalties 193
II. Suspicion of Heresy 197
III. Cooperation in Heresy 198
IV. Teaching Condemned Doctrines 199
V. Publishing, Defending, Reading Certain Books Without Required Authorization 201
1°. Object 202
2°. Penalties 203
VI. Favoring Heresy 205
TITLE XII
DELINQUENCIES AGAINST RELIGION 209
I. Profanation of the Sacred Species 209
II. Saying Mass Twice in the Day or After Breaking the Fast 211
III. Simulation of Priestly Powers 213
IV. Blasphemy and Perjury 215
1. Blasphemy 215
1°. Notion and Species 215
2°. Punishment 215
2. Perjury 216
V. Violation of Laws Regarding Mass Stipends 217
VI. Superstition and Sacrilege 219
VII. Spreading False Relics 221
VIII. Traffic in Indulgences 223
IX. Violation of Corpses or Graves 225
X. Violation of Church or Cemetery 227
TITLE XIII
DELINQUENCIES AGAINST ECCLESIASTICAL AUTHORITIES. PERSONS, OR THINGS 228
I. Delinquencies Committed in Papal Elections 228
II. Disobedience to or Conspiracy Against Ecclesiastical Authority 229
1°. Simple Disobedience 230
2°. Conspiracy 230
III. Appeal from Pope to General Council 231
IV. Recourse to the Civil Authority in Order to Impede the Exercise of Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction 234
V. Interference with the Liberty, Rights, and Jurisdiction of the Church 236
VI. Affiliation with Masonic or Similar Societies 239
1°. Former Legislation 239
2°. Present Law 240
3°. Special Penalties 242
4°. Absolution of Masons or Other Such Delinquents 242
VII. Inciting the People to Prevent Exercise of Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction 244
VIII. Violation and Responsibility for the Violation or Imposition of Censures 245
IX. Violation of Laws Regarding Christian Burial 251
X. Obduracy in Censures 253
XI. Violation of the Privilegium Fori 254
1. Former Discipline 255
2. Present Law 258
XII. Violation of the Religious Enclosure 263
1. The Law of Canonical Enclosure 264
1°. Papal Enclosure 264
2°. Episcopal Enclosure 265
2. Penalties 265
XIII. Violation of the Privilegium Canonia 268
1. Origin of the Legislation 270
2. Present Law 270
3. Penalties 271
4. Conditions for Incurring the Penalties 272
XIV. Personal Offences Against Church Dignitaries. (Can. 2344.) 273
XV. Encroachment Upon the Rights and Property of the Roman Church 274
XVI. Confiscation and Appropriation of Ecclesiastical Property 276
1°. Purpose of the Law 277
2°. Its Object 278
3°. Penalties 278
4°. By Whom They Are Incurred 279
XVII. Illegitimate Alienation of Ecclesiastical Property 280
1. Law on Alienation of Church Property 281
2. Sanctions 283
XVIII. Neglecting to Execute Pious Legacies 285
XIX. Refusing Legitimate Taxes or Contributions 286
TITLE XIV
DELINQUENCIES AGAINST LIFE, LIBERTY, PROPERTY, REPUTATION, MORALS 286
I. Abortion and Suicide 286
1°. Abortion 287
2°. Suicide 28$
II. Duelling 289
1°. Notion 289
2°. Ancient Discipline 290
3°. Present Law 291
III. Interferences with the Freedom of Clerical or Religious Vocation 291
IV. Abduction 293
1°. Notions 294
2°. Former Discipline 294
3°. Present Law 295
V. Crimes Against the Neighbor's Person, Liberty, and Property 296
VI. Bigamy 298
1°. Nature 298
2°. Penalties 298
VII. Various Delinquencies Against Morals 299
1°. Laymen 299
2°. Clerics in Minor Orders 300
3°. Clerics in Major Orders 301
TITLE XV
THE CRIME CALLED FALSUM, FALSEHOOD 302
I. Forgery of Pontifical Documents 303
II. Obreption or Subreption in Petitions for Rescrips?
IV. False Charges of Solicitation Against a Confessor 308
1°. Nature of the Delinquency 308
2°. Penalties 309
TITLE XVI
DELINQUENCIES COMMITTED IN THE ADMINISTRATION OR RECEPTION OF ORDERS AND OF THE OTHER SACRAMENTS 312
I. Administration of the Sacraments to the Unfit or Unworthy 312
II. Administration of Confirmation by a Priest Without Required Faculty 313
III. Absolution Given Without Necessary Jurisdiction 313
IV. Absolution of an Accomplice 315
1°. The Object of the Law and the Conditions for the Delinquency 317
2°. Penalty 318
V. The Crime of Solicitation 319
1. Origin of the Legislation 319
2. Object of the Law 322
3. Penalties 324
VI. Violation of the Seal of Confession 325
1°. General Principles 326
2°. Penalties 327
VII. Consecration of a Bishop Without the Apostolic Mandate 328
VIII. Simony in the Administration or Reception of the Sacraments 329
IX. Reception of Orders from One Under Censure 331
X. Ordination Without the Requisite Dimissorial or Testimonial Letters or Without the Canonical Title 332
XI. Reception of Orders Against Canonical Rules 335
XII. Marriage Contracted with the Impediment of Mixed Religion 337
TITLE XVII
DELINQUENCIES AGAINST THE SPECIAL OBLIGATIONS OF THE ECCLESIASTICAL AND RELIGIOUS STATE 337
I. Refusal to Take the Examinations Prescribed for the Young Priests 337
II. Persistent Absence from Ecclesiastical Conferences 338
III. Grave Neglect of Rubrics and Ceremonies 339
IV. Disregard for Rules on Ecclesiastical Dress 340
V. Commercial Trading 341
VI. Violation of the Law of Residence 342
VII. Neglect of Parochial Duties 343
VIII. Carelessness in Keeping the Parochial Books 346
IX. Neglect of the Duties of Canon Theologian and Penitentiary 347
X. Apostasy from Religion 349
XI. Flight from Religion 351
XII. Fraud Invalidating Religious Profession 352
XIII. Sacrilegious Marriages 353
XIV. Departure from Rules of Community Life 356
TITLE XVIII
DELINQUENCIES COMMITTED IN THE CONFESSING, RECEPTION, AND DISMISSAL OF ECCLESIASTICAL DIGNITIES, OFFICES, AND BENEFICES 357
I. Interference with Freedom of Canonical Elections 357
II. Election, Presentation, Nomination of Unworthy Candidates; Irregularities in Elections 359
III. Simony in Connection with Ecclesiastical Offices, Benefices, or Dignities 360
1°. Nature and Species 360
2°. Object of the Law 361
IV. Conferment of Office, Benefice, or Dignity by One Who Has Only the Right of Election, Presentation, or Nomination 361
V. Taking Possession of Office, Benefice, or Ecclesiastical Dignity Before Receiving Confirmation or Investiture 362
VI. Accepting an Office or Benefice Which Is Not Vacant 363
VII. Retention of Two Incompatible Offices or Benefices 364
VIII. Refusal of the Oath Demanded of Cardinals 365
IX. Delay in Receiving Episcopal Consecration 365
X. Dereliction of Office 366
XI. Resignation of Office or Benefice into the Hands of Laymen 366
XII. Continuation in Office After Privation or Removal 367
XIII. Omission of the Blessing Prescribed for Abbots 367
XIV. Omission of the Profession of Faith Required on Appointment to Certain Offices 368
TITLE XIX
ABUSE OF ECCLESIASTICAL POWER OR OFFICE 368
I. General Principle 368
II. Subtraction, Destruction, Concealment, or Mutilation of Documents Belonging to the Episcopal Curia 369
III. Unfaithfulness in the Keeping of Diocesan or Parochial Books 370
IV. Attempted Bribery of Officials of the Curia 371
V. Exaction of Taxes Not Approved by Law 371
VI. Illegitimate Concession of Dimissorial Letters by the Vicar Capitular 372
VII. Violation of the Rights of the Ordinary in Regard to the Ordination of Religious 372
VIII. Admission to the Novitiate or to Religious Profession of a Candidate Without the Required Qualifications or Testimonials 373
IX. Illegitimate Use of Religious Dowries and Admission to Novitiate or to Profession Without Notifying the Local Ordinary 374
X. Interference by Religious Superiors with the Canonical Visitation 375
XI. Interference by Superioresses with the Liberty Granted by Law to Religious in the Matter of Confession 376
APPENDIX 379
ALPHABETICAL INDEX 385
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