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This book is a practical guide to Hajj and Omrah pilgrimage. It is written in simple English with short dua and darud so that every Muslim can perform the rituals easily. All rituals of Hajj and Omrah have been described in sequence step by step so that every Muslim can perform Hajj and Omrah without other's help.
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Practical Hajj and Omrah Guide: What to do or not to do
2014, Author himself
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in English
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Book Details
Table of Contents
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Practical Hajj and Omrah Guide
(What to do and what not to do)
Mohammad Mamunur Rashid
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Dedication
To the Pilgrims who seek forgiveness and benevolence from Allah Rabbul A’lameen- the most merciful and kind.
Mohammad Mamunur Rashid
Zilqadah -1435 Hijra/ Septembe-2014
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Contents
Dsecription Page
1. Map of Tawaf and Sayee................ 6
2. Route map of Hajj Pilgrimage ....... 7
3. Introduction ................................. 8
4. Special Request…………………… 8
5. What to know about Hajj and Omrah……. 9
6. Places of Hajj and Omrah............. 10
7. Ka’ba or Baitullah ........................ 10
8. Masjidul Haram………………….. 11
9. Masjidun Nababi……………… 11
10. Hazre Aswad................................. 12
11. Maqam Ibrahim............. 12
12. Well of Zamzam………………….. 12
13. Safa and Marwa ............................ 13
14. Zamarat and Pillars of Devils........ 13
15. Mina ........................................... 13
16. Muzdalifa................................... 14
17. Arafat................................................. 14
18. Other places of Ziarah at Makkah.... 14
19, Zannatul M’allah .......................... 14
20. Visiting Jabl Noor .............. 15
21. Jabl Sawr ...................... 15
22. Jabl Rahma .......................... 15
23. Communication and Currency ..... 15
24. Essentials of Hajj and Omrah ......... 16
25. Three kinds of Hajj …………………….. 16
26. Fardh (Obligatory acts) of Hajj ..... 17
27. Wajib (Compensable Obligatory acts) of Hajj…17
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Contents Description Page
28. Sunnah of Hajj ........................... 17
29. Miqat ........................................... 18
30. Ihram ........................................... 18
31. Tawaf .......................................... 18
32. Sayee, Halak, Romy, Hadyee ......... 19
33. Preparation for Hajj and Omrah ........ . 19
34. Be Careful! ................................... 22
35. Self Criticism ................................. 22
36. Special advise regarding Tawaf ........... 23
37. Precaution at Maqam Ibrahim ......... 24
38. Precaution about Zamzam water…….. 24
39. Precaution about Sayee ........... 24
40. Precaution at Mina ............................... 25
41. Precaution at Arafat ……………………. 27
42. Attention Please! ................................ 27
43. Precaution about Romy .................... 28
44. A Rare Opportunity .......................... 28
45. Salah at Masjidul Haram and Masjidun Nabi.. 29
46. Specialty and dignity of Makkah and Madinah 30
47. Fidya or Dom e Jenyat .................... 31
48. Practical Guide (Let’s begin pilgrimage)…… 31
49. Sayedul Istigfar ...................................... 31
50. How to wear Ihram ................................... 32
51. Forbidden during Ihram ............... 32
52 Killing of Harmful animal ............ 32
53. Omrah Step by Step before Hajj ....... 33
54. For Women Only............................. 33
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Contents Description Page
55. How to perform Tawaf ............................ 35
56. Salah at Maqam Ibrahim ................... 37
57. Drinking Zamzam Water .................... 38
58. How to perform Sayee ......................... 38
59. Performing Halak ................................... 39
60. Hajj Rituals Step by Step………… 39
61. 1st Step of Hajj …………………… 40
62. 2nd Step of Hajj …………………….. 41
66. 3rd Step of Hajj …………………………. 42
67. 4th Step of Hajj ……………………………. 42
68. How to stone the Satan (devils) …………. 43
69. 5th Step of Hajj ………………………….. 43
70. 6th Step of Hajj …………………………. 44
71. 7th Step of Hajj …………………………. 44
72. 8th Step of Hajj …………………………. 45
73. Ziarah of Rawza Sharif …………………….. 45
74. Zannatul Baqi …………………………… 47
75. 9th and Last Step of Hajj ……………….. 49
76. Hajj Chart ……………………………. 50
77. Bibiolography ……………………….. 51
78. Map of Makkah ……………………. 52
79. Map of Madinah ……………………. 53
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Map of Tawaf and Sayee at Holy K’aba
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Route map of Hajj pilgrimage
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Introduction
How to perform Hajj and Omrah
In a easy and simple way
Bismillahir Rahmanir Rahim
In this book I have described the easy and simple way to perform the Hajj and Omrah pilgrimage successfully. Usually pilgrims become nervous seeing 14 lengthy dua (supplication) and darud (paying respect to the Prophet Mohammad (S) and his progeny) of seven rounds of Tawaf and seven rounds of Sayee in the books of Hajj Guide available in the market. Actually it is not obligatory or necessary to read or recite so long dua or darud. Dua or supplication is the sublime desire, intimate intention or appeal of the mind dedicated to the Almighty Allah –the Lord of the Universe. It is not bound to present your appeal in Arabic. Your Lord knows your heart better than anybody else. So present your appeal in your own language if you do not know Arabic. Perform your pilgrimage with short dua and darud or translation of it. Islam never allows hardship in ibadah (religious duty) as it is very easy and simple religion for Mankind. Almighty Lord will judge the purity of your obedient heart not the volume. Keeping that sense in mind I have arranged this book with short dua and darud using simple English so that all Muslim pilgrims irrespective of nationality or language can perform Hajj and Omrah pilgrimage in a very easy and befitting manner.
Special Request
Dear Hajj/Omrah pilgrims, assalamu a’laikum! I have written this book with my practical experiences I gained during my performingg Hajj/Omrah rituals in Makkatul Mukarramah and Madinatul Munawwrah. This book is dedicated to the pilgrims so that they can perform all rituals of Hajj and Omrah in a simple easy way without any complication. If any Muslim eager to perform Hajj and Omrah and follow the steps described in this book accordingly, he will be able to complete his Hajj/Omrah rituals very easily and successfully. Millions of Muslims perform Hajj and Omrah every year. But due to my economic limitation I cannot publish so many copies of this book for the pilgrim brothers and sisters. So I request all of those who obtain a copy of this book, please try to give other brothers or sisters who are going to perform Hajj and Omrah. And ask forgiveness and help for me to almighty Allah ta’ala so that I can write and publish more books like this to
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alleviate and develop the Islamic history and culture for the greater benefit of Muslim Ummah. My next books to be published are: 1.The Greatest Prophet(S) and his progeny 2. Muslim People of the World 3. Performingg prayer and fasting in polar region 4. They Defy Tajmahal 5. Muslim Civilization 6. Islam Has The Solution.7. Tales from Arabia 8. Love not Hate
If you want to help me with monetary support willingly to this endeavor than please send or deposit any amount you wish to this Bank Account-- Mohammad M Rashid, Checking Account No-7014686198 Routing No-021407912 Capital One Bank, Sutphin Blvd Branch 146-21 Jamaica Ave,Queens, NY 11435, USA.
What to know about Hajj and Omrah
According to Islamic religious tenets Hajj pilgrimage is obligatory (Fardh) once in a lifetime for every adult Muslim who is physically, mentally and economically fit. He/she is economically fit who has sufficient money to travel to Makkah and Madina apart of family expenditure and paying debt. He/she is physically and mentally fit who is not mad or insane and can understand right and wrong. Many wealthy persons perform Hajj during their travel schedule. Many others go to Saudi Arabia for business purpose and if Hajj time coincided with that time they also perform Hajj. Some visit Makkah and Madinah for performingg substitute Hajj for others. But there are some conditions for successful Hajj. These are pure mind free of malice, hatred and other vises, fear of Allah and halal (legally and rightfully) income. Many rich men go to perform Hajj with the intention that everybody will call him the Al Hajj. Allah will not accept this type of Hajj. Not only this many pilgrims do such things while performingg rituals that invalidate their Hajj. Many other do not perform rituals correctly. Their Hajj will also not be accepted by Allah. Hajj is the hardest physical ibada (religious duty) of Islam. For that reason it has been advised to perform Hajj in young age because old ones cannot perform all rituals accordingly due to their weakness of old age.
Male person can go to perform Hajj alone but female must accompany with her husband or father or brother or sons or with somebody with whom her marriage is haram or totally forbidden.
Omrah is the second largest recommended pilgrimage after Hajj. It is not obligatory. Performingg Omrah at least once in a life time is Sunnatul Muaqqadah (non obligatory recommended act) for economically and
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mentally fit adult Muslims. Omrah completes with performingg tawaf (circumambulating-anti clockwise moving around K’aba seven times), Sayee (running between Safa and Marwa hills) and Halak (shaving head or trimming hair). It has no wider rituals of Hajj like sacrificing animals, staying at Mina, Arafat, Muzdalifa, stoning the pillars of Satan etc. Hajj must be performed in the fixed time of a year but Omrah can be performed any time.
Places of Hajj and Omrah pilgrimage
The places of Hajj and Omrah pilgrimage is Makkahtul Mukarramah and its outskirts in the Arabian Peninsula. All rituals of Hajj are performed in the city of Makkah and its surrounding areas. Although ziarah (visiting) of Rauza Sharif (the holy tomb of the Prophet (S) at Madinahtul Munawarah is not part of the Hajj almost all pilgrims visit the Rauza to pay their homage to the beloved Prophet (S). Every year millions of Muslims around the Globe flock together at these two cities during Hajj and Omrah pilgrimage. The main pivotal point of the pilgrimage is the K’aba or Baitullah (House of Allah) situated in the middle of the Masjidul Haram- the largest mosque of the world. All pilgrimages (both Hajj and Omrah) begin and end with the Tawaf (circling anti-clockwise) around K’aba.
K’aba or Baitullah (house of Allah-the Lord of the Universe): - The Baitullah Sharif or K’aba is the Qibla (direction of prayers) of all Muslims around the World. K’aba is situated at the valley of Makkah in Saudi Arabia. It dates back to the time of Hazrat Adam (A) who built this house of worship as the first mosque on Earth. It was destroyed by the great deluge during the time of Hazrat Nooh (Noah)(A) and later was rebuilt by Hazrat Ibrahim (A) and his eldest son Hazrat Ismail (A). The greatest and the last Prophet Hazrat Mohammad (S) established the customs of performingg Hajj ceremony commemorating the heritage of Hazrat Ibrahim (A), Hazrat Ismail (A), and Hazrat Hazera (Hazar) (A). Every year pious Muslim pilgrims flock to the city of Makkah to perform the ceremony of Hajj and Omrah with due solemnity and religious fervor.
K’aba or Baitullah or the House of Allah is a cube shaped structure about two stories high (48 feet) constructed with brown stones collected from nearby hills of Makkah. The western and the eastern walls of K’aba measure 36 feet and northern and southern walls measure 31 feet. When adorned with the kiswah or gilaf (covering made of black cloth with verses from the Qoran embroidered with the threads made of pure gold and silver) it looks like a beautiful black cube from the distance. First task of any Muslim who
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comes to visit K’aba is to honor it by performingg tawaf. The door of the K’aba is on the eastern side of it more than 5 feet apart from the Hazre Aswad and 6 feet above from the ground level. The distant from the Hazre Aswad and the door of the K’aba is called Multazam- believed to be the main spot of accepting dua or supplication. On the northern side of the K’aba there is an arced area with a wall of 3 feet high called Hateem or Hizr Ismail. The tombs of Hazrat Ismail (A) and his mother Hazrat Hazera (Hazar) (A) are in this area. This area must be included into the tawaf otherwise the tawaf will be invalid. There is a drainage outlet made of gold protruded from the roof of the K’aba above the Hateem is called Mizab. The rain water from the roof of K’aba poured down through it and is very revered to the pilgrims.
Masjidul Haram: Masjudul Haram is the largest and holiest mosque of the world. The middle area of the mosque is open where the holy K’aba stands. Actually the mosque has been built around the K’aba. The remaining space surrounding the K’aba in the middle of the Masjidul Haram is called Mataf where pilgrims perform tawaf or circling round the K’aba. The mosque is now mult-storied high and can accommodate more than one million devotees. Pilgrims perform tawaf at other floors also. The K’aba is always crowded with the devotees who perform tawaf day and night. The anti clockwise movement of the circling has a mesmerizing effect if you watch it from the sky. It is said that not a single hour has been left without tawaf around the K’aba since time immemorial. Male and female pilgrims stay and pray together at Masjidul Haram.
Masjidun Nababi and Rawza Sharif: The mosque of the Greatest Prophet Hazrat Mohammad (S) is in the city of Madinatul Munawarah 210 miles north of Makkatul Mukarrama in Saudi Arabia. It is the second largest mosque in the world after the Masjidul Haram and contains the holy tomb of the Prophet Hazrat Mohammad (S) called Rawza Sharif. Millions of Muslims also flock to this mosque to pay their homage to the beloved Prophet (S) of Islam. During the Hajj season the city becomes more crowded with pilgrims. The mosque has been expanded in a huge area constructed with the Moorish style of architecture. The old portion of the mosque with the green domed Rawza Sharif remains intact beside the expanded new premise. There are automatic folding umbrella which shade in the open spaces around the Prophet’s mosque to protect the pilgrims from heat of the Sun.
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At the Masjindun Nababi female pilgrims stay separate from male pilgrims unlike Masjidul Haram where all pilgrims stay together.
Zamzam water is also available at every corner of the Maszidun Nababi. The water is supplied from Makkah in special water tankers.
Pillars of both of the mosques are adorned with the shelves keeping the copies of the Qoran. But other books of dua and darud are not available at the mosques. So pilgrims are advised to bring small booklets of dua and darud along with a small Quran to read during the Hajj ceremony.
If anybody lost any of their belongings can be obtained from the mosque authorities of Masjidul Haram and Masjidun Nababi. Lost shoes and sandals are kept in a particular place and pilgrims can find out their lost shoes or sandals from there. Other valuable things are kept in the department of Lost and Found. Everyday a list of found items is placed in this department. You can get back your lost items from there showing proof.
Staying in hotels and houses nearer to Masjidul Haram and Masjidun Nababi is suitable for performingg salah and ziarah. You can go mosques regularly on foot if you stay nearby. There are many multistoried hotels around the mosques. These are costly and fit for wealthy pilgrims. Cheap hotels are available in the outskirt of the city. There are many cheap restaurants selling hot breads and curry or other culinary dishes in various alleys and roads of Makkah and Madinah.
Hazre Aswad (Black Stone): Hazre aswad is a small piece of stone (merely 12 inches long) attached to the south-eastern corner of K’aba believed to be came from Heaven during the time of Hazrat Adam (A). It is now broken due to catapult hit occurred during the time of Umayyad siege of K’aba by cursed Yazid’s cavalry and now covered with glass and encased in a silver case at about 4 feet above the ground level of the Mataf. Pilgrims begin and end every circling of the tawaf by kissing this Hazre Aswad
Maqam Ibrahim: The Maqam Ibrahim is a pair of deep foot print believed to be of Hazrat Ibrahim (A) on a rock placed inside a cage made of brass in front the door of K’aba about 20 feet away. It is believed that with his son Hazrat Ismail (A) Hazrat Ibrahim (A) constructed the K’aba standing on this rock and his foot print still remains with deep feature on the rock. The foot print shows that Hazrat Ibrahim (A) was a man of modern size. Every pilgrim should perform two rakah of salah standing behind it after finishing tawaf.
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Well of Zamzam: The well of Zamzam is 66 feet away to the east from the eastern wall of K’aba. The well is 98 feet deep and about 9 feet in diameter. The water level normally stays about 10 feet below from the ground level. The Zamzam well was open to the ground before. Now it is underground covered with the floor of the mataf. Water of Zamzam is drawn with pump and distributed to the pilgrims. Drums of Zamzam water are available around the corner of the mataf. Pilgrims can drink this water easily.
Safa and Marwa: There are two small hills called Safa and Marwa to the eastern side of the K’aba. Safa is about half a mile away and Marwa is about hundred yards from the K’aba. The distance between Safa and Marwa is 1480 feet. But these hills no longer exist today. Tops of the two hills have been cut down and a two stories corridor has been built there putting the rocks of the tops on first and second floors. These represent as the two hills to perform the Sayee. After drinking the water of Zamzam pilgrims perform one of the Hajj rituals called Sayee (walking like running seven times) between these two hills.
Zamarat and Pillars of Devils (Satan): There are three symbolic pillars of Satan or Devil at a place called Jamarat before reaching at Mina. The pillars were in an open field before. Now a multi storied building has been built there called Jamarat Bridge to make easy the stoning rituals of the pilgrims. This stoning is one of the Hajj rituals called Romi performed here by the pilgrims with stoning of seven pebbles one by one on each of the three pillars of devils.
From the west side first pillar of the devil is called Jamaratul Aqaba or big devil. After 730 feet apart the second or middle pillar of the devil is called Jamaratul Usta or smaller devil. And 490 feet apart from the middle one stands the last pillar of devil is called Jamaratul Uola or little devil. These three pillars are now expanded like wall and heighten up to the top floor of the Jamarat Bridge so that pilgrims can easily stone the Satans from all floors.
Mina: Mina is a valley 5 km to the east of the holy city of Makkah situated in Makkah Province of Saudi Arabia. Mina is also called city of tents. Thousands of air conditioned fireproof white tents covering the entire valley used for the Hajj pilgrims every year. The tents are permanent structure and remain empty other than Hajj season. First step of Hajj ritual begins in this city. On 8th of Jul Hujjah pilgrims come to Mina in the morning stay the day
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and night in the tents. Sacrificing animals are also performed in this valley in separate area.
Muzdalifah: After Mina begins the valley of Muzdalifah which situated south east of Mina. After staying one day and night in Mina pilgrims go to Arafat directly next morning passing Muzdalifah. After performingg Ukufe Arafat Hajj pilgrims come to Muzdalifah and pray Maghrib and shortened Isha salah jointly and stay overnight in the open sky. Peebles are collected also from Muzdalifah to perform the stoning the devils ritual at Zamarat.
Arafat: The valley of Arafat begins after Muzdalifah. Arafat is a plain about 20 km south east of Makkah. The Jabale Rahma or mountain of Mercy is in Arafat where Prophet (S) gave the historical sermon during his farewell pilgrimage. The main ritual of Hajj the staying at Arafat called Ukufe Arafa is performed here on 9th Jul Hujjah from afternoon to sunset. Pilgrims pray shortened Juhr and Asr salah jointly at Arafat. After the Ukuf pilgrims go to Muzdalifa without praying Maghrib salah. They pray Maghrib and shortened Isha salah jointly at Muzdalifah.
Other places of Ziarah at Makkah: The important places of ziarah at Makkah are graveyard of Zannatul Ma’allah, Jabal Noor, Jabal Rahmah, Jabal Sawr etc.
Zannatul Ma’allah situated about one mile away from K’aba on a foothill along a highway. It is on the right side of the road if you come from Jabal Noor area. Tomb of Hazrat Khadiza® the beloved wife of the Prophet (S) as well as many other companions of the Prophet(S) are in this graveyard. No epitaph or name plate of identity is found. These nameplates have been destroyed by the Saudi govt. You have to mark the particular tomb with the help of local elders or from old books or maps. The graveyard is regularly visited by pilgrims and flocks of pigeons are found eating seeds of wheat or other grains sprayed by the pilgrims. While visiting this graveyard say. Assalatu wassalamu alaika ya ummul moomineen hazrat Khadizatul Qoobra, assalamu alaika ya as habe rasulallah, assalamu alaikum ya ahle jannatul ma’llah yagfirullahu lana wa lakum wa antum salafuna wa nahnu bil asr.
If you cannot say in Arabic just say: Assalamu alaikum O inhabitants of Zannatul M’allah.
Thereafter recite sura Hamd, Takasur, Ikhlas or some other verses from Qoran and some daruds and pay the sawab first to Hazrat Mohammad (S)
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and his Ahle Bayet (progeny) and than to the inhabitants of the graveyard and ask forgiveness from Almighty Allah Rabbul Alameen
Visiting Jabal Noor (mountain of Light): It is a mountain with middle height in the vicinity of Makkah about five miles to the east. The historical Hera cave is on this mountain. The first Uohi or revelation of Almighty Allah Rabbul Alameen to the Great Prophet (S) was revealed on this mountain in the cave of Hera through the Archangel Jibrail (A) for the mankind. Before the first revelation the great Prophet Hazrat Mohammad (S) used to take refuse in this cave to meditate in search of Almighty Creator. This place is very revered to all Muslims. Almost all pilgrims try to visit this place climbing the mountain willingly although this act is not a part of Hajj rituals. There is no modern facility to climb the mountain but it is possible to climb it in about one hour or less time through a natural path in between rocks and boulders created by the pilgrims themselves. You will not be tired if take some rests on the way while climbing. It is advised to take a scarf or chador to be safe from cold wind if you climb early in the morning. .
The famous cave of Hera situated not just on the top of the mountain. It is in a few feet lower from the top. You first have to go top then step downstairs.Then go through big boulders by crawling and crouching lowering head to reach the cave. The Hera is a small cave which becomes crowded also during Hajj season. Jabal Noor is a historical revered place but seems to be careless. Government should take care of it arranging modern facilities like rope way, cable car, stairs with holding railings, rest houses etc. I have found it remain neglected with the heap of sweepings along the way. Be careful while coming down from the mountain. There have been incidents of slipping down of pilgrims fatally injured or dead.
Jabal Sawr: This historical mountain is about three miles away from Makkah beside Makkah-Taef road. The famous Sawr cave where the Great Prophet (S) and his companion Hazrat Abu Bakr (r) took refuse during the journey of Hizrah to Madinah is about one mile up on the mountain. This Mountain is more difficult to climb than Jabal Noor. There have been incidents of death as well.
Jabal Rahmah: Another important place of visit is Jabal Rahmah or the mountain of mercy. It is in the valley of Arafat. It is not very high. Large heap of mammoth sized boulders of black stone ar found at the foothill. It is very famous and revered place as Prophet Mohammad (S) made his sermon of his Farewell Hajj at this place. Devotees flock together here to honor this historical place.
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Besides, there are other places of interest in Makkah worthy of visit. Try to visit these if you find times available.
Communication: Means of transports in Makkah and Madinah are bus, car and taxi. During Hajj ceremony special holy site train operates between Mina, Muzdalifah and Arafat.
Currency: Saudi Ryal is the monetary unit in Makkah and Madinah. You can exchange dollars or euros with SR from banks in Makkah and Madinah. Most pilgrims bring with them SR directly from their country as pocket money.
Essentials of Hajj and Omrah
Omrah: Omrah is the first performance of pilgrimages in the Hajj season. Omrah can be performed any time of the year separately. Normally Hajj begins with Omrah. Most pilgrims going to Saudi Arabia for Hajj normally perform first the Omrah.
Fardh (obligatory acts) of Omrah: There are two fardh of Omrah- 1. Wearing Ihram and 2. Performingg tawaf.
Wajib (secondary obligatory acts) of Omrah: Wajib of Omrah are two- 1. Performingg Sayee between Safa and Marwah and 2. Performingg halak by shaving head or trimming hair.
Three kinds of Hajj
There are three kinds of Hajj- 1.Hajj-e-Ifrad 2. Hajj-e-Qiran and 3.Hajj-e-Tamattu.
Hajj-e- Ifrad: Wearing Ihram from miqat only for Hajj purpose and performingg Hajj with that Ihram is called Hajj-e-Ifrad, Generally inhabitants of Makkah perform this type of Hajj. Generally they wear Ihram on the first day of Hajj.
Hajj-e- Qiran: Wearing Ihram for both Omrah and Hajj at a time from miqat and first performingg Omrah and later performingg Hajj with the same Ihram is called Hajj-e-Qiran. Who come for Hajj to Saudi Arabia lately (nearer to Hajj season) performs this type of Hajj.
Hajj-e- Tamattu: Coming to Makkah wearing Ihram for Omrah and after performingg Omrah removing Ihram with normal clothing and again wearing new Ihram during Hajj season to perform Hajj is called Hajj-e-Tamattu. Who come for Hajj much earlier than Hajj season from foreign countries outside Saudi Arabia perform this type of Hajj.
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Fardh (obligatory acts) of Hajj
There are 3 fardh of Hajj. This are- 1. Wearing Ihram; 2. Ukufe Arafa (staying at Arafa) and 3. Performingg Tawaf Jiarat (Main tawaf of Hajj) .
If any one of these three is left or forgotten than the whole Hajj pilgrimage will be invalid. There is no opportunity to compensate or refreshing of the acts. The Hajj must be performed again next or later year.
Likewise visiting the holy Rawza Sharif (holy tomb of the Greatest Prophet Hajrat Mohammad (S) at Madina Sharif is also an important act which is done by almost all Hajj pilgrims. Although visiting Rawza Sharif is not the part of Hajj, no Hajj pilgrim even thinks of avoiding the visitation of it without any serious cause. If any pilgrim cannot visit the Rawza Sharif due to serious unavoidable cause than his Hajj will be valid. But if any pilgrim intentionally avoids the visitation showing disrespect his Hajj will be invalid.
Wajib (compensable secondary obligatory acts) of Hajj
There are 6 wajibs of Hajj. These are-1. Ukufe Muzdalifa (staying at Muzdalifa from the night of 9th Jul Hujjahah till the dawn of 10th Jul Hujjahah); 2. Perform Sayee (walking fast like running seven times) in between the two hills of Safa and Marwa; 3. Performingg Romy or stoning three pillars of Devils (Satan) at Jamarat. 4. Performingg Hadyee (sacrificing animal) by the Qiran and Tamattu pilgrims. 5. Shaving whole head or trimming hair and 6. Performingg tawaf bida(farewell or departing tawaf).
If any one of these wajib left or forgotten than pilgrims must compensate by sacrificing extra animal or giving sadaka (charity). This compensatory act is called Fidya or Dom-e-Jenaet.
Sunnah of Hajj
Sunnah of Hajj are many. Some important are- 1. Performingg tawaf kudum (arrival tawaf) by Ifrad pilgrims; 2. Performingg Romol ( walking fast like running) and Ijtiba ( putting a part of upper garment of ehram hanging on left shoulder bringing it through under right armpit leaving right arm bare ) during first three rounds of tawaf. Female pilgrims need not to perform Romol or Ijtiba. 3. Staying at Mina on 8th, 10th, 11th, 12th, and 13th of Jul Hujjah. 4. Going Arafat from Mina on 9th Jul Hujjah morning after sunrise. 5. Taking bath after reaching Arafat; 6. On 9th Jul
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Hujjah evening going Muzdalifa from Arafat after Maghrib without praying Maghrib prayer; 7. Praying Maghrib and ish’a prayers jointly upon reaching Muzdalifa; 8. On 10th Jul Hujjah from Muzdalifa going towards Mina before sunrise; 9. Keeping sequence during stoning the Devils at Jamarat etc.
If any pilgrim intentionally avoid any one of these Sunna his Hajj will be invalid.
Miqat: Miqat is that recommended place from where pilgrims must wear their Ihram for performingg Omrah or Hajj rituals. There are five recommended Miqats for the Muslims of the world. These are: 1. Jul Hulaifa- this miqat is for residents of Madinah or pilgrims come from that direction. It is situated 10 km south of Madinah. 2. Aj Juhfa- It is a village near Rageb. This is the miqat for pilgrims who come from western Middle Eastern countries like Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, Egypt and North Africa and others coming from that direction. 3- Karnul Manajel- is another miqat situated 75 km from K’aba and the miqat of pilgrims come from Najd, Taef or from that direction. 4. Yalamlam- is situated 120 km from Makkah and miqat of pilgrims come from Yemen and from that direction and 5. Jaat-e- Irq or Dariba- situated 100 km from Makkah is the miqat of pilgrims who come from Iraq or from that direction.
Pilgrims who go to Makkah directly by air wear Ihram from home, or from Hajj camp of their own country or in the air craft or ship carrying them to Saudi Arabia. Pilgrims living in Haram area (restricted holy area) in Makkah generally wear Ihram from Taneem, Jirrana or Hodaibyiah. Who go first to Madinah generally wear Ihram from Jul Hulaifa mosque after performingg ziarah (visiting Hazrat Mohammad(S) at Madinah. If Bangladeshis come by ship through Jeddah their miqat will be Yalamlam. Likewise other Asian, African, American and European pilgrims use their respective miqat of the five mentioned above.
Ihram: Wearing two pieces of clean white cotton cloths- one loin cloth and another upper garment -without any sewing or stitching after getting clean through udhu (ablution) or gusl (bathing) for the purpose of Hajj or Omrah and uttering niah (recommended recitation of intention for Ihram) and Talbia (recommended recitation of certain wordings to be read during Hajj) from Miqat is called Ihram. Mere wearing of two pieces of white cloth is not Ihram.
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Tawaf: Circling or circumambulating seven times around the K’aba anti-clockwise wearing Ihram is called Tawaf. It can be performed during Hajj pilgrimage or any other time of the year. It is obligatory during Hajj and Omrah. If you go to Makkah other than Hajj season and go to Masjidul Haram than tawaf is not obligatory but recommended. After reaching Makkah during Hajj season the first task of all pilgrims is to perform tawaf either for Omrah or Hajj. Everybody should go to K’aba directly putting their luggage at their hotel, house or resting place. If the hotel or house is far away then first perform tawaf putting your luggage under somebody’s care (if possible). Remember that the tawaf performed before Hajj is the tawaf of Omrah or Tawaf Kudum (arrival tawaf).
Sayee: Walking seven times in faster pace between Safa and Marwa by the pilgrims is called Sayee.
Halak: Shaving head or trimming hair by the pilgrims after sacrificing animals is called Halak.
Romy: Pelting stones to the three symbolic pillars of devils at Zamarat during Hajj is called Romy.
Hadyee: Sacrificing animals by the Pilgrims is called Hadyee.
Preparation for Hajj/Omrah pilgrimage
What to do or what not to do
If you are a debtor to anybody clear it before going to perform Hajj or Omrah. Solve disputes with others and if not possible ask forgiveness for the sake of Allah. Make sure who will take care of your family in absence of you. Make a will for your inheritance. Take farewell from family, relatives and neighbors. With the honest intentions regarding all others and with a clean and pure heart prepare for going to the house of Allah Rabbul Alameen. And observe following:
Before the departure from your country it is important to know that where will you stay with whom and how long at Makkah and Madinah. Nowadays it becomes customary to fix a staying place at Makkah and Madinah i.e.booking hotel or home. Many pilgrims stay at their relative’s or friends’ houses secretly. But present Saudi govt. does not allow this.
It is also recommended that if you have women companion then contact other women pilgrims from your locality or known to you so that your
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women companion can stay with them during Hajj ritual. Because at Mina or at Madinah female pilgrims must stay separate from male pilgrims. A lone female may face many difficulties at the encampment at Mina or Arafat or at the mosque. So it is wise for a female pilgrim to stay with group or known female person.
Nowadays pilgrims must stay in Saudi Arabia for more than one month depends on their confirmed air/ship/bus tickets of travel schedule. You have to prepare on that context. Take warm cloths if Hajj or Omrah season is in winter. For walking, sandal is more suitable than shoes for the pilgrims because it can be removed easily during ablution. So take sandal with strong straps so that it might not tear out or loosen while walking. Used sandal in home is better because the corners of the straps of new sandal may cut your feet. Be careful about shoes. Wearing shoes covering upper joint of the ankle of male pilgrims is forbidden during Hajj.
If you are an employee make sure granting of your leave of absense from your office according to your travel schedule
It is wise to take one or two bottles of water, a lump of flat sandy clean soil ( palm size is good) and sufficient toilet papers. Because traveling to Saudi Arabia by air takes many hours from distant countries. During this time many pilgrims need to go toilet. Sometimes sufficient water is not available in the toilet of air craft. In that case pilgrims can use their own water and toilet papers. If water is not available at all then use piece of soil for tiammum (substitute for ablution without water to perform salah). It is wise to use toilet and bathroom at Airport/ Seaport/ Bus terminal and perform salah there.
All male pilgrims take two pieces of white cotton cloth for Ihram. When you wear this cloth be careful about strings hanging from the side of the clothes. Cut these hanging strings off so that no impure substance can touch or pollute this. In winter take warm white cotton cloth for Ihram so that you can keep safe from cold. Besides take extra pair of cotton cloths so that you can wear it if original pair becomes nasty or impure. Female dress should be modest and light colored.
All pilgrims take small bag of cloth or plastic strapped with their chest or waist to keep their money, passport and other documents. Ribbons of many bags are not strongly stitched. During the Tawaf and Sayee these weak stitches might become loosen or tear out due to pulling and dashing of the heavy crowd at K’aba. So you must check out the stitches and make sure it is strong before go to Hajj.
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It is also advised to take some common drugs for some common diseases like cold, cough, fever, diarrhea, dysentery etc. If you stay at hotel in Makkah and Madinah you have to drink supply water from tap or bottled mineral water. If you don’t like this then you have to boil water. For this purpose you can get help from hotel boy or arrange yourself to boil water with a small dish using small stove or electric heater taking with you.
No book of dua (supplication) or darud (praying for the great Propet (S) and his progeny) except the holy Quran is available at Masjidul Haram and Masjidun Nababi. It is advised to keep pocket size book of dua, darud, and the Quran so that you can use it during Hajj. If you cannot read and recite Al Qoran in Arabic then read translation of the Qoran, and pray and seek forgiveness in your own language. Allah Rabbul a’lamin will not judge the volume or language but the purity of your heart.
One of the important tasks of Hajj pilgrims is the jiarah of Rauja Sharif (visiting the holy Prophet’s tomb) at Madinah. No Hajj pilgrim avoids this jiarah during their Hajj pilgrimage. Most of the pilgrims go to Madinah after performingg main rituals of Hajj in Makkah to visit the Rauja Sharif. During that time Madinah becomes crowded. For that reason many pilgrims first go to Madinah during Hajj and finish the task of jiarah and thereafter go to Makkah for the performance of Hajj rituals. Prophet Mohammad (S) wore Ihram from the mosque of Jul Hulaifa during his famous Farewell Hajj or Hajjatul Bida. To follow the Prophet’s Sunnah many pilgrims first go to Madinah during the Hajj to wear Ihram from Jul Hulaifa.
It is customary that every Muslim should stay at Madinah at least 8 days. According to authentic hadith whoever performs 40 congregation salah at the Masjidun Nababi (Mosque of the Prophet) without any gap his lifelong sins will be forgiven. For this reason every Muslim or pilgrim try to stay 8 days at Madinah. Nowadays according to Saudi Govt rules no Hajj pilgrim will be allowed to visit Makkah and Madinah without prior accommodation of hotel or house. That is why everybody must rent house or hotel at Makkah and Madinah before getting Hajj visa. Many pilgrims stay at their relative’s or friends’ house secretly during the Hajj pilgrimage. Some pilgrims cannot stay desired 8 days because of their tight schedule with government delegations or other organizations. They have to leave Madinah after two or three days. Balloted pilgrims like Bangladshi pilgrims also face this type of problem. So decide how long you will stay at Madinah before coming for Hajj and also decide where you go first- Makkah or Madinah? After coming from Madinah to Makkah Tamattu pilgrims perform Omrah and return to normal life leaving their Ihram and wait for the time of Hajj.
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More Omrah can be performed in between this time also. But this is not obligatory. Qiran pilgrims wear Ihram for both of the Omra and Hajj and do not remove Ihram and perform Omrah and Hajj with the same Ihram. Ifrad pilgrims only wear Ihram for Hajj.
Be careful!: One must be careful about extra activities before Hajj rituals. It is advised to all pilgrims not to perform Omrah or other hard activities like climbing Jabale Noor or Jabale Sawr etc. only one/two days before the Hajj. You may become sick with fever or tired due to excess walking or your leg might be broken or seriously injured while climbing the mountains. If these sickness occur only one or two days before the Hajj then you will not get sufficient time to be recovered or cured and you may not perform the main Hajj rituals on time. So be careful about that. Do those activities either one week or more days before or perform this after completing Hajj. Be prepared for Hajj rituals two/three days before taking sufficient rest.
Self Criticism: Finally a very important advice for Hajj pilgrims. Do self criticism. Review your shortcomings and faults. Hajj is the last examination of a Muslim to get salvation in the Akherat (the world hereafter). If you do mistake in this exam you will not be able to pass the exam securing good numbers or grade. If you want to make your Hajj acceptable to Allmighty Allah Rabbul Alameen then criticize yourself. There is no other alternative. During the Hajj you may be alone or with other companions. Always remember that other’s needs or advantages are more important than yours. Some times we make many mistakes or wrongdoings and cannot keep clean our mind. We do such bad things unintentionally for which we repent later remembering it.
Do not try to gain advantage leaving your companions. First allow others to get opportunities. Help and give support as much as possible to your old aged or sick or weak companions. Do not bear grudge or hate in mind for any other companion. Don’t be angry or be disturbed if anybody of your companions eats more or spoils something or drinks your water. Be patient and free minded. All pilgrims keep their shoes and sandals in small bags while performingg salah at the Masjidul Haram and Masjidun Nababi. If any elder or old member of your companions wants to keep his/her shoes or sandals in your bag or request you to keep their bags do not refuse. Rejecting or showing disgust is the sign of malice or impurity of your heart. Don’t try to be free yourself imposing others to carry your shoes or burden as well. Be respectful to elders and enquire their problems and solve it if you can. Don’t try to get sawab (prize given for good deeds by Allah) by going secretly or
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lonely to the mosques for performingg salah or tawaf without informing your companions. Do these with all members of the group or get consent from them if you want to. Sometimes it is found that young or healthy pilgrim becomes uneasy or feel disturbed for not able to go mosques or perform ibadah regularly because of his/her old or sick companion. It is also a bad sign of character. You should always be patient and tolerant as this patience is the substitute of your ibadah. If anybody wants to give his burden to you accept him if your capacity allows you. Don’t dishearten anybody intentionally. Remember that you have come to perform Hajj to satisfy Allah Rabbul Alamin and to get salvation from Him by sacrificing all worldly interest. So follow the Islamic principle- Everybody is for everybody. Avoid pride, boast, bullying, hate, idleness. Try to help other by sacrificing self interest. Benevolence is the piety. Always behave polite and gentle. If you can criticize yourself and keep on course then you will get mercy from Almighty Allah Rabbul Alameen and your Hajj will be acceptable. Otherwise coming to Saudi Arabia by expending money and time will bring nothing but a mere journey only. So be careful about yourself.
Special Advice regarding Tawaf: Generally there is heavy crowd during tawaf in Hajj season. Everybody tries to kiss the Hazre Aswad and keeping themselves attached to the wall of K’aba pushing and thrashing each others. For this reason old and weak persons cannot come close to the Hazre Aswad to kiss it. Some times they become sick and injured seriously. It is also found that strong ones dashingly proceed towards Hazre Aswad knocking others down to the ground or stampeding them in haste. This is very dangerous. Also many pilgrims are found to stand still at the place of Hazre Aswad and begin long supplication and do not want to move away to make room for others. Some pilgrims kiss the stone again and again. This habit neither a condition for tawaf nor necessary for it rather it only creates unnecessary crowd and obstacles as well as uneasiness of other pilgrims.
The place from Hazre Aswad to the door of the K’aba is called Multazam. It is the main place of accepting dua. That is why pilgrims also crowd at Multazam as they do it at Hazr Aswad and do not want to move away. This is very bad and if you are engaged into this type of activities than your tiresome pilgrimage might be harmful or destroyed. So be careful about tawaf. You should remember every pilgrim has the right as you have to kiss the Hazr and stay at the Multazam. It is your duty to let other to do that also. If you cannot kiss due to crowd then do it with touching the stone by hand or through sign waving hand towards it. The sawab of kissing physically or through sign is the same. If you can reach the Hazr kiss it only once and
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move away from the place quickly letting other pilgrims to do this. If you wish to kiss more times or stand longer than do these acts after the Hajj when masjidul haram is less crowded.
Do not begin long supplication at Multazam. Finish it with short dua and move away so that other can stand there. There are many khadem and police in the Masjidul Haram to guard the K’aba and to maintain system. Authority of the mosque can easily arrange the safe procedure of the kissing the Hazr Aswad and standing at Multazam by using khadem and police force properly.
Tawaf can be performed also at the upper floors of the Masjidul Haram if there is very heavy crowd in the Mataaf (the plain open area around the K’aba). Many pilgrims pray salah at the middle of tawaf area creating obstacle to the pilgrims performingg tawaf. Prayer should be performed at the corner of the Mataaf where pilgrims scarcely go for circling.
Precaution at Maqaam Ibrahim: After completing tawaf pilgrims perform two rakah salah of wajibut tawaf behind the Maqaam Ibrahim. For this reason the area also become crowded and pilgrims try to pray just behind the Maqaam. But it is not compulsory to pray just behind the Maqaam. You can pray wajibut tawaf salah at any place with approximate direction to the Maqaam. Some pilgrims supplicate by grabbing and kissing the cage which is not acceptable. It is not Sunnah to kiss Maqaam. Kissing is confined only to Hazr Aswad. The wise advice is- pray just two rakah salah of wajibut tawaf with short verses from the holy Qoran and complete the salah quickly so that other pilgrims might pray.
Precaution about Zamzam water: It is another ritual of pilgrims to drink water of Zamzam after performingg salah at Maqaam Ibrahim. Zamzam water is available at the corners of Mataaf in drums. Pilgrims can drink the water with one time used plastic glass kept ready at the drinking place. Some pilgrims wash hands and face and make udhu with the Zamzam water at the drinking place. In this way drinking place becomes dirty as water pouring on the floor and walking of the pilgrims over it. We should not wash or make ablution at the drinking place. If you want this task with Zamzam water then take water in a pot or bottle and go to the place of udhu (ablution). Zamzam water has been recommended for drinking not for other uses. So we should be careful about that.
Precaution about Sayee: Another important ritual of the Hajj pilgrims is to make Sayee between two small hills situated eastern side of K’aba.
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These two hills now converted into a double story corridor to make easy way for the pilgrims to perform Sayee. Sayee contains seven rounds of walking faster than normal. Walking or running of Sayee begins from the Safa and ends at the Marwah. In this way seven rounds end at Marwah. Some pilgrims wrongly count from Safa to Marwah and again back to Safa as one round. In these way they wrongly run14 times in between Safa and Marwa. Be careful about that.
Precaution at Mina
Staying: To sleep at Mina bed sheet, blanket and pillow are required. If weather is not cold blanket is not necessary. You can use your hand bag as your pillow or use light air bag or foam as pillow to avoid heavy weight. No bedding is necessary as there are beddings at the tents provided by the govt. Just spread your bed sheet on it. Be careful about heavy luggage. You might have to walk a long way to find out your marked tent. There are no rickshaws or taxi cab in the tent area to ride. If your tent is at the end of the valley then you must cover the distance of two three miles walk. So do not take heavy luggage with you except most necessary items.
Some pilgrims take suitable places in the tents going there earlier and do not allow others to those places. Sometimes they quarrel to take possession. This behavior is not fare. Your Hajj might be disqualified with this type of acts. Showing hot temper or being hateful is totally forbidden for the pilgrims. You should remember that you have come to perform Hajj to satisfy your lord Allah Rabbul Alameen. Hajj is the last opportunity to get forgiveness to purify oneself. So do not do such acts which might destroy your Hajj. Especially while on Ihram pilgrims must avoid some legal acts also- even to kill insects like ant is forbidden. So how dare you to do bad things like quarreling or bullying? It will destroy your Hajj. Be careful about that.
I have seen some pilgrims sleep on the walkway in between the tents in Mina. Pilgrims inside the tents should allow their Muslim brethren with them inside the tent though it might be congested. Avoid luxury during Hajj. Experience the hardship by sacrificing self interest for the wellbeing of others. This is the piety.
It is also found that pilgrims disputes over choosing the Imam (leader) of the congregation prayer- who will lead the prayer or not. Sometimes more than one congregation prayer prayed in a single tent at a time. It is not fare and acceptable as it leads to the divisions among Muslims. All Hajj pilgrims are Muslims. So everybody should follow one Imam in one congregation prayer in one tent.
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Toileting: Be careful about using toilet in Mina. During Hajj time about four million pilgrims congregate at the valley of Mina. Toilet facilities are not sufficient as per numbers of the pilgrims. Sometimes you have to wait half to one hour to get vacant a toilet. Sick and old persons face great problem. Besides some nuisances like reminding to do hurry by clapping the door of the toilet or calling to hurry etc is very bad habit. In this situation toileting becomes difficult and many pilgrims leave it without finishing. Many pilgrims begin to bath or washing cloths after finish toileting. It is also a bad habit. Every pilgrim should leave toilet as soon as possible and let other brethren use it. There are normal or high commodes in the toilets of Mina. Before entering you should check which one is suitable for you and hold your cloth of Ihram upward to keep it safe from any impurity. Although water supply is sufficient in Mina some times it delays to come. For this reason check out whether water supply is ok or not before using the toilet. So it is wise to keep some toilet papers in pockets. Very old person face difficulties using toilets. Sometimes they cannot use the commode properly due to their physical weakness and drop their feces open on the floor of the toilet and their cloths of Ihram also become dirty. Sick and old persons might keep mobile pot to do this and healthy attendance is necessary to help him. That is why it has been advised to perform Hajj rituals in young age.
Eating: Nowadays meal charges may be taken advance from Hajj pilgrims. Lunch and dinner are served by many travel agents related to the pilgrims. Sometimes corrupt agent tries to avoid these showing false difficulties. So you must ask meals from your agent in Mina otherwise you will be deprived of it.
But you have to arrange yourself your breakfast and other snacks. There are many food shops at various corners of Mina from where you can buy foods. But price is very high and favorite items might not be found. So if you are in a group and have small stove and some potatoes, eggs, cooking oil, onions, chili and salt then you can easily prepare yourself breakfast by frying potato and egg to eat with loaves of breads. It will cost much less than outside shops.
Many pilgrims only eat dates or other fruits during their stay at Mina and Arafat to avoid difficulties of arranging meals. You need not use toilet every now and than if you eat less in Mina. Drinking water is available at Mina in the plastic drums. Avoid alcoholic drinks like Pepsi, Coca Cola, energy drinks etc. Refraining from this type of drinks is an act of Taqwa (piety).
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Precaution at Arafat
Staying at Arafat (Ukufe Arafah): The main duty of Hajj is to stay (ukuf) at the valley of Arafat. After staying at Mina on 8th Jul Hujjah all pilgrims go to Arafat on 9th of Jul Hujjah after fazr prayer. This is the way of Sunnah. Staying at the valley of Arafat from afternoon till sunset on the 9th of Jul Hujjah is obligatory for the pilgrims. It is called Ukufe Arafa.
Going Arafat on foot is good if you do not have heavy burden. You can go by motor car or bus or train. There are Muallims’ buses to carry pilgrims. They encourage pilgrims to go to Arafat on the night of the 8th Jul Hujjah excusing of the traffic jam. If there is any probability of not reaching Arafat before afternoon due to traffic jam, physical weakness or sickness then you better go on the night of the 8th Jul Hujjah. Otherwise it is against the Sunnah to go to Arafat before 9th of the Jul Hujjah. But one should not also violate fardh or wajib to follow the Sunnah. Young energetic healthy persons should go to Arafat on foot before noon. While going to Arafat you need not take your entire luggage. Just take a bed sheet and some food leaving rest of your luggage at Mina. The tents of Arafat are made of plane cloth and there is no air conditioning facility like Mina (2008).
Attention Please: Arafat is the place of acquaintance and the forgiveness. Hazrat Adam (A) and Hazrat Hawa (A)-the first man and woman on Earth met each other here after long years of separation. Allah Rabbul Alameen accepted their supplication for forgiveness at this plain of Arafat. It is a very lofty and sublime place. According to sahih hadith whoever among mumeen (true believer) makes dua (prayer) on the day of 9th Jul Hujjah standing at the plain of Arafat Allah Rabbul Alameen will accept it without any doubt. This is a promise given by Allah to His beloved friend the Greatest Prophet Hazrat Mohammad (S). During the Hajj on the day of Arafat Allah Rabbul Alameen opens His doors of mercy and kindness. From the afternoon to the evening the mercy and kindness of Almighty rain on the valley of Arafat incessantly. Nobody is denied. So all pilgrims should come out from the tents and take position wherever they find under the open sky in the valley of Arafat and make supplication to the full of their honest desires. Remember that to be present at the field of Arafat on the day of 9th Jul Hujjah is a rare opportunity of lifetime. This opportunity will not come again and again. So do not miss this valuable opportunity. The wise men of the past said who is more unfortunate than he/she who could not acquire forgiveness from his Lord Almighty Allah Rabbul Alameen while he/she was present at the Arafat on the day of 9th Jul Hujjah.
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Precaution about Romy (Stoning the Devils): One of the main rituals of Hajj is stoning the three symbolic pillars of devils. These pillars of Satan or Devils are situated at a little distance apart at Jamarat- the area ahead of Mina from Makka. Previously the area of Jamarat was open field. The pillars of devils were also small. Millions of pilgrims used to throng the area to stone the pillars with pebbles. Heavy crowd resulted into fatalities because of rushing. Many pilgrims died at the stampede. Some pilgrims throw sandals, shoes or whatever they get to the pillars of devils rather than pebble is not acceptable. To show more anger throwing big stone is not also acceptable. Do not haste or push or scuffle with other to stone your pebbles. Be careful about other pilgrims. After stoning remain no longer there for it may creates unnecessary crowd. Old or sick ones can come to Jamarat with wheel chair. If somehow unable to come one can also hire somebody to do his/her stoning. Pilgrims also can perform the stoning easily going to upper floors. There are escalator lifts to carry the pilgrims to the upper floors and pillars of devils are also enlarged and heighten up to the top floor. Do not carry luggage to the Jamarat as police will throw it out to the dustbins. Just take pebbles in your pocket or small bag hanging from your neck. Besides some pilgrims pray salah at the Jamarat. It is not recommended to perform salah at this place.
A Rare Opportunity: Hajj is the world conference of Muslim Ummah (nation). Muslims of various nationalities of the world come together during the Hajj at Makkah and Madinah. It creates an environment of knowing each other’s culture, customs and behavior. There is no other opportunity but this to make friendship and brotherly relations among various nationalities of the Muslim people. Hajj congregation is the ideal venue of exchanging ideas and views, discussions and seeking solutions to the problems of the Muslim world. You will see millions of Muslim around the world from various colors, cultures and languages. Talk to them, acquaintance with them, make friendship with them, and know their customs, cultures, history, heritage, political situation, and life styles. Discuss the problems of many Muslim countries and try to come up with solutions. Exchange presentations. If possible invite your Muslim brothers or sisters to your country to travel. In this way bond of friendship and brotherly relation will become strong and fortified as well as many ways and solutions to the problems of the Muslim world will come out. To make this bond among Muslims is also an act of ibadah or religious duty. This was the main goal of Hajj ceremony promulgated by our beloved Prophet (S).
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Performing salah at Masjidul Haram and Masjidun Nababi:
As we know K’aba is the Qibla (direction) of world Muslim to perform prayers five times a day. From New York City our direction of prayer is to the East. From Dhaka the direction of prayer is to the West. Likewise from St.Pittersberg in Russia it is to the South-East or from Capetown it is to the North East. But in Masjidul Haram there is no fixed direction of prayer. In Masjidul Haram Muslims can pray from any side around K’aba keeping it in front as the direction of their prayer.
After the ajaan (calling for prayer) in a few minutes the congregation prayer of fardh (obligatory) salah begins at the Masjidul Haram and Masjidun Nababi during Hajj season. You will get a very little time to perform salah of Sunnah. So after adhan pray Sunnah salah quickly. Only fazr salah is performed with the tilawah (recitation) of long verses from the Qoran. Other salah performed with short verses. After finishing the surah Fatiha or al hamd the Imam (leader) of salah say Ameen loudly and all the musallih (who attend the congregation salah) say it loudly with the Imam. The wonderful sound of these Ameen aided by loud speakers reflect the valley of Makkah and Madina creating a heavenly wonderful symphony reverberated throughout the sky. There is no supplication conducted by Imam after finishing salah. And almost every congregation fardh salah followed by the congregation salah of janaja (salah for deadbody). In the night an extra adhan of tahajjud (salah in the late night) salah is given at 3 or 4 A.M before the ajaan of Fazr (morning) salah. But there is no congregation of this tahajjud salah. Many pilgrims wrongly think this is the ajaan for fazr salah. So be careful about that. You can confirm the timing from wrist watch or digital watch of cell phone or from watches fixed at the mosques. During our pilgrimage in 2008 in late November at Madinah the ajaans of salah at Masjidun Nababi were given as follows- Fazr at 15 past 5 AM ; Zuhr at 15 past 12 PM; Asr at 3 PM, Magrib at 15 to 6 PM and Isha at 7 P.M. Our hotel was near to Masjidun Nababi and we regularly used to go mosque on foot. We went to mosque at 3 AM and after fazr prayer returned back to our hotel. Thereafter went to mosque again at 12 noon and after performingg zuhr salah returned to hotel for lunch and rest. Thereafter went again to mosque at 3 PM and after performingg asr, maghrib and isha salah we used to return back to hotel.
If your hotel, house or camp is far away from the Masjidun Nababi then arrange timing yourself to attend the congregations salah timely as it is very much required of all pilgrims to perform 40 waqt (prayer time) salah in
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congregation in 8 days with continous sequence. Try to be careful about not to miss any salah in this sequence. World Muslims flock together at Masjidun Nababi to visit the holy Rawza Sharif of the great Prophet (S).There is also the opportunity in Madinah to acquaintance with the Muslim people from all over the Globe.
Specialty and dignity of Makkah and Madinah: Two most sacred cities of Islam is Makkah and Madinah. Our beloved Prophet (S) said, one rakah of salah at Masjidul Haram at Makkah is hundred thousand times worth than in other mosques and one rakah salah at Masjidun Nababi in Madinah is fifty thousand times worth than in other mosques. So it is a duty of all Muslims to keep this dignity and pride of these two sacred mosques. There is a mosque very near to the Masjidun Nababi on a passage to the northern side. But there is no reason to pray at another mosque very close to the Masjidun Nababi. Likewise there are mosques very close to the Masjidul Haram. These are also not acceptable.
There are many high rise hotels, motels, and shopping malls around the Masjidul Haram and Masjidun Nababi. High rise buildings so close to these two most sacred mosques of Islam are not acceptable at all. To stay and use toilets at the upper floors so close to the sacred house of Allah Rabbul Alameen and mosque of the Greatest Prophet(S) is an offence of impudence or incivility. In honor of these two sacred mosques hotels and motels should be built far away. Pilgrims should not stay at upper floors so close to the sacred mosque and shrine.
Another objectionable matter is the dish cultures. On the roofs of almost all houses of Makkah and Madinah satellite dishes are installed like mushrooms. Due to cheap prices of dish antenna and other accessories most of the houses use channel tuner box to tune on the wanted channels. These lead the unscrupulous persons to venture on obscene channels full with prohibited sexual scenes. You can watch restricted scenes whenever you wish by merely switching on to the channels by remote control. Having this easy system of watching TV youngsters likely to plunge into deviation. In the religious place like Makkah and Madinah this is not acceptable at all. We strongly advise to the proper authority of Saudi Arabia to set control on these channels. Hajj authority of Saudi Arabia should control or close these channels at least at the time of Hajj pilgrimage. And pilgrims should abstain from watching TV during the Hajj season to be safe from the zena(punishable sins of obscenity) of eyes.
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It will be better if you help poor people of Makkah and Madinah. Some pilgrims think buying something during Hajj season spoils the Hajj. But it is wrong idea rather it is very good to buy something from the residents of Makkah and Madina helping and strengthening their economy. This act is also a sign of Islamic brotherhood and cooperation. But buying with the intention of business during Hajj pilgrimage might be harmful to your Hajj.
Fidya or Dom-e-Jenayat
(Compensation)
Sacrificing extra animal like sheep, goat etc. and paying sadakah as a compensation for doing forbidden act during the time of Ihram and ask forgiveness from Almighty Allah Rabbul Alameen is called Fidya or Dom-e-Jenayat or compensatory sacrifice. But no compensation will be accepted if any pilgrim with Ihram commits sexual intercourse with his wife or her husband during Ukufe Arafah or before that period their Hajj will be null and void. In that case He/ She must make kadha (doing again) of that Hajj next year or thereafter. If pilgrims violate any wajib like refraining from stoning Satans or staying at Muzdalifa he/she must compensate with sacrificing a goat or sheep and distribute all meat to the poor or orphans. If any pilgrim violates any Sunnah by cutting nail, killing ant or shaving he/she must compensate it by fasting 3 consecutive days or feeding 6 poor miskins (destitute).
Practical Guide
Let Us Begin Our Pilgrimage
1. Attention all pilgrims who are going to perform Hajj or Omrah! Get ready by trimming or dressing your hair and beard, cutting nails, shaving armpit and navel area the day before your beginning of journey to Arabia. Collect telephone numbers and addresses of your relatives, friends or known persons in Makkah and Madinah if possible.
3. Perform udhu or ghusl to get clean. Thereafter pray two rakah salah of tawba (repentance). Seek forgiveness and help from Almighty Allah Rabbul Alameen with saying sayedul istegfar or other dua of repentance and forgiveness. Make promise to Lord Allah Rabbul Alameen not to repeat any sin you committed before and not to commit any sin again and be determined to do good deeds till your death and ready to journey.
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Saiyedul Istigfar
Allahumma anta rabbi la ilaha illa anta, khalaqtani wa ana a’bduka wa ana a’la ahdika wa wa’dika, ma’statatu a’ujubika min sharri ma sana’tu abu u laka bini’matika a’laiya wa abu u bijambi fagfirli fa innahu la yagfirujjunuba illa anta.
4. Take farewell from your family members. If Tamattu pilgrims first go to Madinah then no need to wear Ihram from your home or origin of departure. If pilgrims first go directly to Makkah by Air then they can wear Ihram from home or in the aircraft or from Jeddah.
How to wear Ihram
Get clean with performingg udhu (ablution). Male pilgrims take two pieces of white clean cotton cloth to wear as Ihram (the Ihram cloths are also available in the market). Wear one piece as your loin cloth like lungi your upper garment like chador without any under garment. Do not wear any cap or turban. Just keep your head bare. You can wear belt with pockets to fasten the lower portion of the Ihram. Keep you pocket money in this pocket. This type of Ihram cloth is not for women. There is no special Ihram dress for women. Women can wear normal dress with sewing like loose pant, pajama, salwar, kamij, chuli etc. Fasten tight the ribbon or button of the pajama or pant so that it might not get loose. Women are advised not to wear colorful dress- specially red and bright colors. White or light color is suitable for them.
Forbidden during Ihram
After wearing Ihram some normal activities become forbidden for the pilgrims. These are:
Sexual intercourse with wife or doing, seeing or hearing anything sexually exciting or explicit.
Using scent, attar, oil and other cosmetics.
Covering head (men), face, hand and feet, wearing ornaments and any garment like shirts, pants, caps, turbans, neqab, with sewing except chador or quilt.
Cutting nail, hair or killing or hunting wild animal-even an ant, carrying gun or sword etc.
Telling lie or calling bad names or quarrelling or bearing hatred with other or doing any sinful act.
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Killing harmful animals are permitted in the state of Ihram
If any animal poses threat of immediate danger then it may be killed. Killing some harmful animals are allowed in the state of Ihram. These are: Snake, mad dog, rat, scorpion etc.
If pilgrims go first Madinah then they need not wear Ihram. If they go first Makkah then must wear Ihram from home or onboard plane or ship or from Jeddah or from nearest miqat of Makkah either for Omrah or Hajj.
5. After wearing Ihram pray two rakah salah of sunnatil Ihram reciting the niah saying-
Nawaituan usallia lillahi ta’ala rakatai salati sunnatil Ihram. sunnati rasulillahi ta’la mutawajjihan ila jihatil K’abatish sharifati
Allahu Akbar. (I make intention to perform two rakah Sunnah salah of sunnatil Ihram facing the honorable K’aba, Allahu Akbar).
Omrah step by step before Hajj.
1. After performingg the salah of sunnatil Ihram Tamattu pilgrims make neah of Omrah saying- Allahumma inni uridul omrata fayassirhuli wa taqabbalhu minni (Oh Allah I intend to perform Omrah, make it easy for me and accept this from me.)
Tamattu pilgrims must wear new Ihram later on the 7th or 8th of Jul Hujjah for performingg Hajj pilgrimage.
Qiran pilgrims make the niah of omrah and Hajj jointly saying- Allahumma inni uridul omrata wal Hajja, fayassirhuma li wa taqabbalhuma minni. (Oh Allha! I intend to perform Omrah and Hajj jointly, make this easy for me and accept this from me.)
Qiran pilgrims will perform Omrah and Hajj with this same Ihram.
Ifrad pilgrims do not perform Omrah.
For Women only
During Hajj and Omrah women pilgrims can perform all rituals of Hajj and Omrah in the conditions of hayez or nefas (abnormal physical condition with impurity-menstruation) except tawaf and sayee. They will perform tawaf and sayee after becoming normal. If any woman pilgrim faces the condition of menstruation or give birth to child after wearing Ihram of Omrah then she cannot perform tawaf or sayee until she becomes normal. If the condition begins after performingg tawaf then she can
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perform sayee. If she becomes not normal till 8th of Jul Hujjah and find sufficient time to perform Omrah then she must perform fist Omrah thereafter remove the Ihram of Omrah and wear new Ihram of Hajj and go to Mina with other pilgrims and perform all other rituals except tawaf and sayee. She only needs to cut the tip of her hair. If she becomes normal after sacrificing animal then she can perform the tawaf and sayee. If not then she will perform these after becoming normal.
6. After performingg salah of sunnatil Ihram all pilgrims must recite Talbiah (male pilgrims loudly and female pilgrims in low voice) saying- Labbaika Allahumma labbaik, labbaika la sharika laka labbaik, innal hamda wanni’mata laka wal mulk la sharika lak.
Every pilgrim should memorise talbia by heart.
7. Before going to Airport, Seaport, or Landport to board on aircraft or ship or bus check again your tickets, passports, boarding pass etc. Attach sticker describing your identity on your luggage or bind something special to identify your luggage easily at the Jedda or Madinah airport or seaport.
8. After arriving Jedda or Madinah first complete the custom checking at the airport, seaport or landport. Custom checking takes time. During this time use toilet or bathroom in the airport lounge or port terminal if you need. Nowadays passports of pilgrims are taken by the Hajj authority during the custom checking and Muallim’s cards are given to all pilgrims. Take your Muallim card and find your luggage identifying by your sticker or special sign you attached to it and contact with Hajj camp of your country. In the Hajj camp there are buses ready to carry pilgrims to Makkah or Madina.
9. From Madinah almost all pilgrims go to Makkah wearing Ihram from Jul Hulaifa- one of the Miqats near to Madinah. The Greatest Prophet (S) also wore Ihram from Jul Hulaifa during his journey of Hajjatul Bida (Farewell Hajj). That is why it is Sunnah to wear Ihram from this miqat.
Pilgrims from surrounding area of Makkah wear Ihram from Tan eem or Jir raana or Hudaibia to perform Omrah and Hajj. While entering the holy city of Makkah all pilgrims read this dua saying- -Allahumma haja amnuka wa haramuka wa man dakhalahu kana aaminan fa harrim lahami wa daami wa aajmi wa bashari a’lannar.( Oh Allah this is Your sacred place. Whoever enters here gets security from You,so make forbidden my blood, meat, bones and skin for the hells.)
While coming to Masjidul Haram begin to recite talbia and while entering the mosque recite- A’uju billahi minash shaitanir razim bismillahi assalatu
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wassalamu a’la rasulihil karim. Allahummagfirli jamia junubi waftahli abwaba rahmatika. Allahumma jid hajaal baita tashrifa wa takrima wa ta’jeema. Allahumma antas salam wa minkas salam wa ilaika yarjeus salam fa hayeena rabbana bis salam wad khilna birahmatika daras salam, tabarakta rabbana wa ta’alaita ya jal jalali wal ikram.
( I seek refuge to Allah from the cursed shaitan. I am entering in the name of Allah. Innumerable salam and darud be upon Rasulullah (S). Oh Allah forgive my all sins and open Your all doors of mercy for me. Oh Allah increase honor, greatness and excellence of this holy house. Oh Allah You are peaceful, peace comes from You and it returns back to You. Oh our Lord Allah bestows upon us the peaceful life. Let us enter the house of peace on behalf of Your mercy. Oh our Lord Allah! surely You are bountiful, magnificent and the greatest.)
If you see K’aba while entering the holy city of Makkah recite loudly three times saying- Allahu Akbar la ilaha illallah. Allahu Akbar la ilaha illallah, Allahu Akbar la ilaha illallah. If you in sitting position stand up. Make dua whatever you wishes honest. Remember the moment is the moment of accepting dua. If any jamaat or congregation of salah begins at this moment then first attend the jamaat. After that salah perform Tawaf. This is your tawaf Omrah if you are a Tamattu or Qiran pilgrim. It is your tawaf kudum (visiting tawaf) if you are a Ifrad pilgrim.
Women must not perform any tawaf if they become in the state of menstruation or female condition of impurity.
How to Perform Tawaf
Tamattu and Qiran pilgrims or who come to perform only Omrah make niah of tawaf Omrah reciting- Allahumma inni uridu tawafa baitikal harami saba’ta ashwateen tawafil omrati fa yassirhuli wa taqabbalhu minni. (Oh Allah I intend to make tawaf Omrah at the protected house of you with seven circling. Please accept this from me and make it easy for me.)
During the Hajj all pilgrims must make niah of Tawaf Ziarah.
Ifrad pilgrims make niah for tawaf kudum (visiting tawaf) reciting- Allahumma inni uridu tawafa baitikal harami saba’ta ashwatin tawafil kudumi sunnatil Hajja fayassirhulee wa taqabbalhu minni. (Oh Allah I intend to make tawaf kudum of the Sunnah of Hajj at the protected house of you with seven circling. Please accept this from me and make it easy for me.)
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Whenever you perform non-obligatory tawaf make niah saying- Allahumma inni uridu tawafa baitikal harami saba’ta ashwatin tawafin nafal, fayassirhulee wa taqabbalhu minni. (Oh Allah I intend to make tawaf nafal at the protected house of you with seven circling. Please accept this from me and make it easy for me.)
If Ifrad pilgrims want to perform Sayee after tawaf of Hajj then they need not perform ijtiba or romol during tawaf kudum.
In the beginning of tawaf bare open your right arm removing the right portion of your upper cloth of the Ihram and place it on your left shoulder passing through your right armpit. This act is called Ijtiba. Thereafter come to the south east corner of K’aba where Hazre Aswad is attached. Stand in front of hazre aswad and kiss it placing two hands on it if possible and say bismillah Allahu Akbar. If kissing is not possible due to heavy crowd then just make a sign of kissing by waving hand and kiss on hand. In this way your intention of kissing the stone will be fulfilled. Thereafter male pilgrims begin to walk with Romol (walking faster with jogging) turning right towards the area of Hateem. Women need not perform romol or ijtiba at all. They perform tawaf normally.
This is the Sunnah of Tawaf. The direction of the movement will be anti-clockwise. And Hateem will be inside your path of tawaf. If you are in a group then hold fast by your hands with others’ so that other companions might not loose from you in the heavy crowd of the pilgrims. If women accompany you then you must be more careful.
The place from the hazre aswad to the door of K’aba is called Multajam. While crossing this place during tawaf read tasbih saying- Subhanallah walhamdu lillah wa la ilaha illallahu wallahu akbar, wala hawla wala qowata illa billahil a’lyeel a’jeem. After Multajam comes Hatim (the arced place adjacent to the north side of K’aba where the tombs of Hazrat Ismail (A) and his mother Hazrat Hajera (Hazar) (A) are situated). While circling for tawaf must include the Hateem. Beware! if you leave Hateem outside on your path during tawaf then your tawaf will be totally invalid.
When Hatim area comes recite salam and dua honoring Hajrat Ismail(A) and Hazrat Hazera(Hazar) (A). If you do not know Arabic pay homage in your own lanuage. There is no particular dua and darud for tawaf. It is also not obligatory to recite long dua or darud. You praise Allah Rabbul Alameen and pay darud to our beloved Prophet (S) and his progeny and make supplications in your own language if you cannot say or recite in Arabic.
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You can perform tawaf with short dua and darud you know. While performingg tawaf specially read again and again the hamd –
- La ilaha illallahu wahdahu la sharika lahu, lahul mulku wa lahul hamdu wa hua a’la kulli shayeen qadeer and the darud- Allahumma salle a’la Mohammad wa a’la ale Mohammad .
when reach at the south west corner of the K’aba called Rukne Yameni recite the dua (supplication) saying- Rabbana atina fiddunya hasanatao wa fil akhirati hasanatao wa kina a’jaban nar, wadkhilnal jannata m’aal abrar ya ajiju ya gaffar ya rabbil alameen.
All pilgrims should memorize these duas and tasbih by heart.
After Rukne Yameni you will reach Hazre Aswad again. Beginning from hajre aswad and reaching again to hajre aswad completes a circling of the tawaf. You must kiss the hajre aswad before starting the circling and kiss again at the ending of the circling. If you are not able to kiss the stone due to heavy crowd you can perform this act by waiving hand toward the stone and kissing the hand.
In this way complete first three rounds of tawaf with Romol and Ijtiba. The remaining four round will be with normal pace and the Ihram cloth also be rearranged to cover the right arm and shoulder. Procedure of the tawaf of Omrah and tawaf of Hajj are the same. Women must refrain from the tawaf if they become impure with hayej and nefaas. They will perform tawaf after becoming normal. This is the order of Allah –The Lord of the Universe.
10. Salah at Maqam Ibrahim: After the tawaf every pilgrim should perform two rakah salatul wajibit tawaf behind the Maqaam Ibrahim. You can perform this salah at any place behind Maqaam Ibrahim if no place is found empty just behind the Maqaam. This is also a place of accepting dua.Perform two rakah salah of wajibit tawaf behind the Maqaam Ibrahim reciting the niah saying- Nawaituan usallia lillahe ta’ala rakatai salati wajibit tawafi, sunnati rasulillahi ta’ala mutawajjihan ila jihatil K’abatish sharifate Allahu Akbar.
You should perform this salah with short surah quickly so that others might get the opportunity to perform this salah at the Maqaame Ibrahim.
After salah of wajibit tawaf go to the Multajam and make supplication as you desire. Cry and seek forgiveness and benevolence and honest desire whatever you like from the Almighty Allah Rabbul Alameen because
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Multajam is the main place of accepting dua. Recite this dua in Arabic if you remember otherwise say in your own language as much as possible.
11. Drinking Zamzam water: Thereafter drink the water of Zamzam. Zamzam water is available around the corners in the Mataf (the place around the K’aba where pilgrims circumambulate around it.) Take a cup of Zamzam water and stand facing K’aba and say- bismillah Allahumma inni as aluka ilman nafieeao wa rizkan waseeao wa shifa am min kulli daeen.( Oh Allah I seek from Thee beneficial knowledge of this world and the world hereafter and seek the abundance of income and your bounty and seek salvation from all diseases and uneasiness) Thereafter drink the Zamzam water much and take little water and wipe it on your head, face and body.
12. Sayee at Safa and Marwa: After drinking the Zamzam water go to Safa and Marwa for the ritual of Sayee. While going recite in low voicee-innas safa wal marwa min shayirillah. To the eastern side of K’aba there are two small hill lying north-south position named Safa and Marwa. Walking fast 7 times in between these two hills is called Sayee. At present there are no open hills but a two stories corridor covering the hill area to perform the Sayee.
How to perform Sayee
First go to Safa side and stand facing K’aba in front you on such a height that you can see the K’aba. Thereafter say Allahu Akabar Allahu Akbar Allahu Akbar la ilaha illallahu wahdahu la sharika lahu, lahul mulku wa lahul hamdu, yuhyeeu wa yumitu wa hua a’la kulli shayeen qadir.
Pilgrims should memorize this dua by heart.
And pray to Allah whatever you like rising your hands up to the chest. Remember this is also a place of acceptance of dua.
After supplication make niah (intention) of Sayee saying- Allahumma inni uridu Sayeea bainas safa wal marwa saba’ta ashwateen biwajhikal karim, fayassirhuli wa taqabbalhu minni (Oh Allhah I intend to perform Sayee with seven round betwwen safa and marwa. Please accept this from me and make it easy for me).
Thereafter turn and begin to walk towards Marwa along the corridor. Reaching the middle of the corridor walk faster like running and read rabbigfir warham innaka antal a’ajjul akram.
After crossing the middle area of the corridor walk normally and reach to the Marwa -the end side of the corridor. And in this way one round of your
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Sayee complete. There is no fixed dua or darud for Sayee. You read any dua you like. At Marwa again make supplication facing K’aba as you did it before raising hand up to the chest. After dua say again -Allahu Akbar Allahu Akbar Allahu Akbar la ilaha illallahu wahdahu la sharika lahu, lahul mulku wa lahul hamdu, yuhyeeu wa yumitu wa hua a’la kulli shayeen qadir. Thereafter turn towards Safa again and begin to walk and cross the middle area as you crossed before and reach to the Safa at the end of the corridor completing second round of Sayee. In this way complete the Sayee walking seven rounds between Safa and Marwa ending the seventh round at Marwa.
13. Performingg Halak (shaving head or trimming hair): After completing Sayee get out from the corridor of Safa and Marwa and perform the ritual of Halak (shaving the heads or trimming the hair for men pilgrims) and (cutting the tip of hair for the women pilgrims.) With this act your performingg of Omrah is finished. Thereafter Tamattu pilgrims must remove their Ihram going their hotel, house or resting place and return back to normal life waiting for the coming of Hajj time. Ifrad and Qiran pilgrims come late in Makkah and after performingg tawaf Omrah or tawaf kudum they do not remove their Ihram. They will perform Hajj rituals with this Ihram.
Hajj Rituals- Step by Step
Hajj begins on 8th of Jul Hujjah with going to Mina and ends with stoning the three devils on 13th Jul Hujjah at Zamarat. Various rituals are performed in these six days. So you should have six days of provisions while going to Mina. Do not take heavy luggage.
Tamattu pilgrims must wear new Ihram as their previous Ihram was for Omrah. Ifrad and Qiran pilgrims need not wear new Ihram. They will perform Hajj with their previous Ihram.
On the 7th of Jul Hujjah Tamattu pilgrims complete the task of cleaning navel and armpit hair, cutting nails, brushing teeth and dressing beard and hair. Now Tamattu pilgrims clean the two pieces of cotton cloth of Ihram or take a pair of new cloth. And all pilgrims pack the following items in a small bag:
An extra pair of cloth to wear if original one becomes dirty or damaged, a bed sheet, a towel, a pair of normal clothing, an woolen shawl, soap, razor or blade, scissors, small knife, an umbrella, small looking glass, one time using dining plate, drinking glass, toothbrush, toothpaste, attar, toilet papers,
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some essential drugs, some foods etc. You can take small book of dua and darud and Al Qoran. But be careful that your luggage might not heavy. Now you are ready for performingg Hajj rituals.
1st Step of Hajj
Going to Mina: On the 8th of Jul Hujjah Tamattu pilgrims wear new Ihram after ablution or gusl (bathing) (See How to wear Ihram - page 32) you can wear Ihram from Masjidul Haram or from your hotel or home within the Haram area of Makkah. Thereafter perform two rakah salah of sunnatil Ihram from Masjidul Haram or any places nearer to it. Recite niah of the salatul sunnatil Ihram saying- Nawaituan usallia lillahi ta’la rakatai salatil sunnatil Ihram, sunnati rasulillahi ta’ala mutawajjihan ila jihatil Qa’abatish sharifati Allahu Akbar.
After performingg salah recite the Talbia 3 times saying (men loudly and women in low voicee)- Labbaika Allahumma labbaik, labbaika la sharika laka labbaik, innal hamda wanni’mata laka wal mulk la sharika lak.
Thereafter recite niah of Hajj saying- Allahumma inni uridul Hajja fayassirhu li wa taqabbalhu minni. (Oh Allha! I am intending to perform Hajj and make it easy for me and accept it from me. )
Ifrad pilgrims just come wearing Ihram for hajj only and they make niah of Hajj saying the same as above.
Qiran pilgrims need not to wear new Ihrams or recite niah for Hajj. They will perform the Hajj with their previous Ihram they wore when they entered Makkah and made niah for Hajj and Umrah.
All pilgrims leave for Mina after wearing Ihram and praying salatul fazr in Makkah on the 8th Jul Hujjah as it is the Sunnah. It is better to go on feet if there is no heavy luggage and woman with you. Now-a-days the Muallim’s (designated caretaker of the pilgrims) bus or holy site train service transports pilgrims to Mina, Muzdalifah, and Arafat. But due to heavy traffic they encourage to go Mina on the night of 7th Jul Hujjah. Some pilgrims go to Mina earlier to take a suitable place at tents. But performingg juhr, asr, maghrib, isha on the 8th Jul Hujjah and fazr salah on the 9th Jul Hujjah at Mina is Sunnah. So it is recommended to go to Mina on the morning of 8th of the month. Nowadays due to heavy traffic jam going earlier might be permitted.
After reaching Mina find your marked tent according to Muallim’s instruction. Find a suitable place for your bedding. Perform Juhr, Asr,
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Maghrib, Isha and next morning Fazr salah in Mina shortening the Juhr,Asr and Isha into two rakahs. (See Precaution at Mina Page.. 25)
2nd Step of Hajj
Ukufe Arafat or encampment at Arafat:- On the 9th of Jul Hujjah after obligatory fazr prayer recite Takbir Tashrik 3 times saying- Allahu Akbar Allahu Akbar, la ilaha illallahu Allahu Akbar Allahu Akbar wa lillahil hamd. This Takbir Tashrik must recite till 13th of Jul Hujjah after every obligatory (fardh) prayer of every day. Every pilgrim should remember this takbir by heart.
On the 9th of Jul Hujjah after fazr prayer and having breakfast proceed toward Arafat with solemn and obedient mentality by bus or on foot. Nowadays Muallims encourage pilgrims to go to Arafat at the night of 8th Jul Hujjah to avoid traffic. But go to Arafat on the 8th of the month is violation of Sunnah. If you fear due to unavoidable circumstances not to reach Arafat before the afternoon you can go there earlier.
Do not take heavy luggage with you at Arafat. Take only a bed sheet and some food. It is wise to use hand bag as pillow. Rest of your luggage leave at Mina.
While entering the valley of Arafat recite the dua as following- Allahuma ilaika tawajjahtu wa bika a’samtu wa a’laika tawakkaltu, subhanaka Allahumma wa bihamdika wa tabarakasmuka wa ta’ala jadduka wa la ilaha gairuka. Allahumma salle a’la Mohammad wa a’la ale Mohammad, Allahumagfirli Allahummagfirli Allahummagfirli innaka a’fuun tuhibbul a’fwa, fa’fu anni ya gafuru ya gafuru ya gafuru, innaka antal Gafurur Rahim, innaka antas samiul a’leem, innaka anta a’la kulli shayeen qadeer ya Allah ya rabbil a’lameen.
Upon reaching Arafat you must find out your Muallim’s tent.Stay at your Muallim’s tent. Every spot in Arafat is lofty and place of accepting of supplication. If possible perform shortened salat-e- juhr and salat-e- asr jointly at the central mosque of Namera at Arafat. Nowadays some pilgrims in the tents remotely encamped from the Namera perform salah of juhr and asr seperately. But it is wise to perform these two salah jointly on the day of Arafat as this is a Sunnah.
At the valley of Arafat on 9th Jul Hujjah in the afternoon all pilgrims should stay outside their tents. Specially in the afternoon (after Asr salah) never stay inside tents. Come outside and take position on the open field under the sky and seek forgiveness and pray at your heart with tears till sunset for
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accepting your prayers, for granting your sublime desires and for granting the welfare of your country and country folk as well as all Muslims of the world.
It is forbidden to pray Maghrib salah at Arafat. Pilgrims must pray Maghrib and Isha salah jointly at Muzdalifah.
3rd Step of Hajj
Staying at Muzdalifa (Ukufe Muzdalifa): After sunset in Arafat all pilgrims must proceed towards the valley of Muzdalifa reciting tasbih, dua and darud. Never pray salah of Maghrib at the Arafat. Remember that performingg salatul maghrib on the 9th Jul Hujjah at Arafat is totally forbidden and you must pray this salah jointly with salatul Isha upon reaching at Muzdalifa. Even it is also forbidden to pray Maghrib on the way though Maghrib time comes.
Muzdalifa is not far away and can be reached on foot also. Muzdalifa begins after end of the area of Mina. The boundary is marked by the big signboards..
At Muzdalifa it is recommended to stay nearest as possible to the mosque of M’asharul Haram. If you are late from Arafat then suitable place will not be available at Muzdalifa. Toilet system is similar to Mina and Arafat.
Upon reaching Muzdalifa take a space wherever you find and place your mat or covering and perform salatul Magrib first and shortened salatul Isha with one Ajaan(call for prayer) and two eqamaat ( calling to prayer of congregation). No other salah or prayer in between. It is recommended to pray this joint salah in Jamaat (congregation) if you have more companions.
There is no tent in Muzdalifa. You have to stay open under sky. Some pilgrims bring makeshift tents. But no pilgrim should stay under tent at Muzdalifa as it is against Sunnah. Remember that Muzdalifa is also the place of accepting prayers. So spend time with sleeping and praying. It is recommended to collect pebbles to perform Romi (stoning the devils) from Muzdalifa. This is a Sunnah. For stoning three pillars of devils you must take 70 pebbles of the size of corn seed or pea nut. Take two/three more in case some of the originals might become damaged or lost. It is wise to wash the collected pebbles and keep it safe in a small bag.
4th Step of Hajj
Stoning the Satans or Devils (Romi): On the 10th Jul Hujjah morning before sunrise after praying fajr salah at Muzdalifah proceed towards Mina again
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reading dua and darud. On the way there is a place named Wadi Muhassar where Elephet cavalry of King Abraha came to destroy K’aba were destroyed by the curse of Almighty Allah Rabbul Alameen. When you reach this place pass quickly as it is Sunnah.
How to stone the Satans (devils) at Jamarat
After returning Mina from Mudalifa find out your place where you left your excess luggage and take some rest. Go to Jamarat after the sun reaches sufficient height (at 10/11 o’clock a. m). You can stone afternoon also but stoning at night is not recommended.
On 10th Jul Hujjah stone only the great Satan or called Jamaratul Aqaba at Jamarat Bridge. Leaving your luggage at Mina go directly to Jamarat taking seven pebbles collected from Muzdalifa. Hold these safe in your left fist or keep these in a small bag. Go south side of the Jamarat and stand infront of the pillar of great devil or Jamaratul Aqaba in such position that K’aba will be to your left and Mina to the right. Now take one pebble with your right hand holding it with three fingers and say dua for stoning if you remember or just say -a’ujubillahi minash shaitanir razim, bismillah allahu akbar- and throw the pebble on the pillar in front of you. You have to be careful so that the pebble might not hit any body in front of you other than the pillar. In this way throw seven pebbles one by one and go out from Jamarat Bridge. Now you have finished first stage of the stoning the devils.
Recitation of talbia ends with the stoning of great Satan on 10th Jul Hujjah. The day is also the day of Eidul Adha or sacrificial ceremony of the Muslim World.
5th Step of Hajj
Performingg Hadyee (Sacrificing Animal): After stoning the devils another Hajj ritual is sacrificing animal like goat, sheep, camel, cow etc. You can perform this ritual at a place adjacent to Mina or butcher houses at Makkah. Various kinds of goats, sheep, lambs, camels and cows are available at the animal market. One pilgrim sacrifices a goat or a sheep or a lamb. Cow or Camel can be shared by 7 pilgrims. You can sacrifice your animal yourself by conducting jabh (cutting throat according to Islamic rules) or butcher will conduct the task on behalf of you taking a fee.
Saudi govt. also arranges the sacrificing animals of the pilgrims with a fixed fee through bank coupon in a large numbers. Pilgrims may sacrifice their animal through bank coupon depositing the fixed amount to the govt.’s account. The meat of these slaughtered animals are kept in deep freezes and
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sent to the poor people of the Muslim world. But there is a difficulty in coupon system. You cannot confirm the time when your sacrifice has been done. If you do not know the time you cannot remove your Ihram timely as before sacrificing animal removing Ihram is prohibited. So it is wise to sacrifice one’s animal oneself. You will become satisfied if your animal being sacrificed in front of you and you can take some meat of it to eat as it is a Sunnah. The day of the sacrificing animal is the day of the Eidul Adha of Muslim Ummah.
Sacrificing animal for Tamattu and Qiran pilgrims is wajib (secondary obligatory act).
It is not obligatory for Ifrad pilgrim. They can sacrifice if they wish for more sawab (good deeds).
6th Step of Hajj
Halak (Shaving Head or trimming hair): After sacrificing animal male pilgrims perform Halak or shave or trim their heads and female pilgrims only cut approximately one inch of their hair from the tip. You can do this at barber shops around Masjidul Haram.
Shaving head is better for male pilgrim for it is recommended by the great Prophet (S). Begin the shaving from right side of the head as it is Sunnah.
Although you shave your head at Omrah you must shave it again during Hajj whether your hair is long or short.
Ifrad pilgrims shave or trim their head after stoning the Satan at Jamarat if they do not perform sacrificing animal as this is not obligatory for them.
7th Step of Hajj
Tawafe Ziarat: After sacrificing animal and performingg Halak all pilgrims must remove Ihram and perform the Tawaf Ziarah. From now on the Ihram condition ends After shaving head or trimming hair go to hotel, house or resting place and return to normal life by leaving Ihram. Take rest and refreshment and thereafter perform ablution or bathing and wear normal clothing and adoring yourself with attar and other makeup and go to K’aba for the Tawafe Jiarat- the main tawaf of Hajj pilgrimage. This tawaf is a obligatory task of Hajj.
Now all pilgrims make intention of Tawaf Ziarat saying- Allahumma inni uridu tawafa byitikal harami sab’ata ashwateen tawafaj ziarati fardhal Hajji fayassirhu li wa taqabbalhu minni. ( Oh Allah! I wish to perform
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seven obligatory circlings of K’aaba for the tawafe jiarat of Hajj. Please accept this from me and make this easy for me.)
Thereafter perform Tawaf according to prescribed rules described on page 35.
Female pilgrims must not perform tawaf and Sayee when they are in condition of menstruation or other female impurity. They will perform these acts after getting cured of those impurities.
After tawaf ziarat drink the water of Jam Jam and perform two rakah salah and thereafter perform Sayee in between Safa and Marwa according to rules described on page 38. If Ifrad pilgrims do not perform Sayee during their Tawaf Kudum they must perform Tawafe Jiarat with Romol and Ijtiba. Thereafter all pilgrims return to Mina again to perform stoning the Satan three more days at Jamarat.
Time of tawaf ziarah is 10th of Jul Hujjah. If not possible to perform on this day due to unavoidable circumstances you can perform it on 11th or12th of Jul Hujjah. Performingg tawaf ziarah on 13th of Jul Hujjah is not acceptable.
8th Step of Hajj
Three more days of Romi (Stoning): After returning Mina again all pilgrims stay there more three days on 11th, 12th and 13th of Jul Hujjah. Everyday go to Jamarat and perform Romi (stoning the Satans) on three devils according to rules described before on page 43. After stoning 63 pebbles in total (7x3 =21 for each devil) on three consecutive days return back to Makkah.
Pilgrims can return Makkah after stoning on 12th of the month but it is better to stone on 13th also as it is Sunnah of the Prophet (S).
Now comes the time to go to Madinah for the ziarah. If any pligrim performs first the act of ziarah at Madinah then he/she need not go to Madinah again and can go back to own country after performingg tawaf bida at Makkah.
Ziarah(visiting) of Rawza Sharif at Madinah: Ziarah of Rawza Sharif (holy tomb of Prophet (S) is not a part of Hajj but is an important act of the Hajj pilgrimage as no pilgrims want to avoid the visiting of the holy Rawza Sharif. After finishing the rituals of Hajj at Makkah pilgrims go to Madinah to perform the ziarah if they did not visit there before during the Hajj season. Many pilgrims first go to Madinah to perform that acts before going to Makkah for Hajj.
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There is a very lofty place called Riazul Zanna in the Prophet’s mosque marked from the holy Rawza Sharif to the pulpit of the mosque. It is believed that whoever performs two rakah salah at this place his/her sins will be forgiven. According to authentic hadith whoever performs 40 congregation salah at the Masjidun Nababi (Prophet’s mosque) without any gap his lifelong sins will be forgiven. For these reasons millions of devotees as well as pilgrims flock together to this holy mosque every year.
While entering holy city of Madinah read- Allahumma haza haramu nabiyeeka fajaalhu li bikayatam minan nari wa amaanam minal a’jaabi wa suu eel hisabi wa rijqaan hasanah.
Thereafter while entering the Masjidun Nababi first step with right foot and read-Bismillah Allahumma salle a’la Mohammadiu wa a’la alihi wa ashabihi wa sallam. Allahummaftahli abwaba rahmatika wagfir junuubi.
Thereafter enter the original mosque adjacent to the holy Rawza Sharif saying- Bismillah wassalatu wassalamu a’la rasulillah. Allahummagfirli junuubi waftahli abwaba rahmatika.
Thereafter perform two rakahs tahyatul masjid salah at the Riazul Zannah. This Riazul zannah is very lofty place. Performingg salah at this place purify the lifelong sins of a Mumeen ( true believer). This salah is salatul Sunnah and very simple. Recite niah like two rakah of fazr except say salatil tahyatul masjid in place of salatil fazr. If not possible to perform salah at riazul zannah because of heavy crowd then perform it at any spot in the old Masjidun Nababi (Prophet’s mosque). Thereafter proceed as closer as possible to holy tomb of the Great Prophet(S) and pay Salam saying-
Assalatu wassalamu alaika ya Rasul Allah
Assalatu wassalamu alaika ya Habib Allah
Assalatu wassalamu alaika ya Nabi Allah
Assalatu wassalamu alaika ya Khaira khalkillah
Assalatu wassalamu alaika ya Sayyeedal mursaleen
Assalatu wassalamu alaika ya Khataman nabyeen
Assalatu wassalamu alaika ya Rahmatallil alameen
Assalatu wassalamu alaika ya Shafeeal mujnibeen
Assalatu wassalamu alaika ya Nabial ummi
wa a’la ahle baitika wa ashabika ajma’een
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After paying salam to the Great Prophet (S) move a little to the right and pay salam to two great Sahabi (companion of the Prophet(S) lying beside the Great Prophet (S) -hazrat Abu Bakar Siddiq(r) and hazrat Omar Farooq (r) saying- Assalamu alaika ya aamirul mumeneen hazrat abi bakr as siddiq, assalamu alaika ya aamirul mumeneen hazrat omar farooq, jajakumallahu ahsanal jajaee wa rahmatuhu.
Thereafter move back to the holy Tomb and make dua on behalf of the Great Prophet (S) and his household as much as you wish.
After performingg jiarah at Rawza Sharif try to pray another two rakah of salah at Riazul Zannah. Whenever jamaat of any salah begins at the Masjidun Nababi join at once. Remember that Rawza Sharif and its adjacent old mosque are very holy places. This whole is the place of accepting prayer or dua.
If times of prayer is to late and you are tired than go to your hotel or resting place to get some rest. But be careful about the time of jamaat. Try to be present at the time of jamaat at Masjidun Nababi because 40 waqt (recommended time of daily prayer) of salah with jamaat at Masjidun Nababi is very important for all Muslims.
Special Advise: Many pilgrims cannot perform salah at Riazul Zannah because of weakness of old age. There are many khadems and attendants and police at Masjidun Nababi.They can arrange the ziarah of Rawza Sharif and praying at Riajul Zannah by maintaining serial.
Above all we should be careful about others. Do not creat crowd standing longer in the Riajul Zannah. Just pray two rakah of salah and move away from the place to make room for other. Some pilgrims do not want to move if he can get a chance. Many pilgrims begin long salah or supplication. These activities are not acceptable at all.
Zannatul Baqi: There is a graveyard adjacent to the Masjidun Nababi near to Rawza Sharif. Tombs of Imam Hasan(r), many of the Ummul Mumeneen (Prophet’s wife), Hazrat Osman (r) and many other relatives and companions of the Prophet (S) are in this graveyard. During the Turkish time there were epitaphs and name plates identifying various tombs. But after coming of the Saudis all these are destroyed. Now you cannot identify which tomb is of whom. You have to identify it from old books or maps.
During staying in Madina perform ziarah at the graveyard of Jannatul Baqi. While enter into the graveyard there are tombs of Hazrat Imam Hasan (r), Ummul Muumeneen (S) at the right direction and other companions at the
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left direction. But no tomb can be identified. Many Muslims think tomb of Hazrat Fatima Zahra (S) is also here but nobody knows exactly where. The graveyard has been expanded and renovated. Khadems and police guard the graveyard so that nobody can kiss or pray salah at the graveyard.
Perform ziarah at Jannatul Baqi saying- Assalatu wassalamu alaika ya aamirul moomeneen hazrat Imam Hasan al mujtaba, assalatu wassalamu alaikum ya ahle baite rasulillah sallallahu alaihe wasallam, assalamu alaikum ya ummahatul moomeneen, assalamu alaika ya aamirul moomeneen hazrat Osman Gani Jinnurain, assalamu alaikum yah as haba rasulillahe sallallahu alaihe wasallam, assalamu alaikum ya ahle jannatul baqi yagfirullahu lana wa lakum wa antum salafuna wa nahnu bil asr.
If you cannot say in Arabic just say: Assalamu alaikum O inhabitants of Zannatul Baqi. Thereafter read surah(chapter of the Qoran) Al Hamd, Ayatul Kursi, surah Takasur, surah Ikhlas and other verses of the Qoran and darud sharif and pay sawab first to the holy Prophet (S) and his progeny and thereafter to the soul of other inhabitants of the graveyard and make dua on behalf of them. If you don’t have many surah memorized by heart than read small ones or at least three small verses of the Qoran and small daruds. Allah will not judge the volume but the purity of the obedient heart only.
At the outskirt of Madinah there are many tombs of the martyrs of the battle of Uhud including Hazrat Hamza (R) and other notable Sahaba. These places are not far away. There are taxi services available to visit these places. Besides there are many other holy and bountiful places adorned with the holy touches of the foot steps of the Great Prophet (S) in Madinah. If possible these historical places also should be visited by the pilgrims. Pray at least two rakah salah at the masjid–e-Qiblatayn and at the masjid-e-Qooba in Madinah. But you have to be careful about timing to visit these places in Madina. Visit these in the morning or within time schedule so that you can attend five times of congregation salah at the Masjidun Nababi. Most of the pilgrims stay continuous 8 days in Madina to perform these salah.
Before leaving Madina you must pay farewell homage to the beloved Prophet (S) visiting his Rawza Sharif again.
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9th Step of Hajj
Tawafe Bidaa-the last and final ritual of Hajj: Before leaving Makkah to your country perform tawaf bidaa by going to holy K’aba again. Perform tawaf bidaa with the intention saying- Allahumma inni uridu tawafa baitical harami sabaata ashwateen tawafal bidaaee fayassirhu lee fataqabbalhu minni.
And pray and cry to Almighty Allah Rabbul Alamin for His mercy and forgiveness and pray to fulfil your honest desires. If you first go to Madinah and have to come again to Makkah then perform tawaf bidaa after coming from Madinah. If you return to your country directly from Madinah then perform tawaf bidaa before going to Madinah from Makkah. It depends on your flight schedule or travel itinerary.
May Allah forgive us
May Allah grant our Hajj and Omrah
Ameen
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The Hajj Chart
Hajj Tamattu Hajj Ifrad Hajj Qiran
Tawaf Omrah Tawaf kudum Tawaf Omrah
Prayer at Maqam Prayer at Maqam Prayer at Maqam
Drinking Zamzam Drinking Zamzam Drinking Zamzam
Sayee No sayee if not ijtiba Sayee
or romol in Tawaf
Halak No Halak Halak
New Hajj Ihram Previous Ihram Previous Ihram
Going Mina Going Mina Going Mina
Ukuf Arafat Ukuf Arafat Ukuf Arafat
Ukuf Muzdalifa Ukuf Muzdalifa Ukuf Muzdalifa
Stoning Devil Stoning Devil Stoning Devil
Sacrificing animal Sacrificing animal Sacrificing animal
(Optional)
Halak Halak after stoning Halak
if not sacrifice
Tawaf Ziarat Tawaf Ziarat Tawaf Ziarat
3 days stoning 3 days stoning 3 days stoning
Ziarahat Madinah Ziarah at Madinah Ziarah at Madinah
Tawaf Bida Tawaf Bida Tawaf Bida
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References
1. Sahih Bukhari- Kitabul Hajj
2. Sahih Muslim- Kitabul Hajj
3. Akhbar Makkah- Allama Azraki Makki
4. Safarname Ibne Batutah
5. Madarizun Nabuah- Shaekh Abdul Haq Muhaddis Dehlavi
6. Manasikul Hajj- Ayatullah al Uzma Sayiid Ali Hussaini Sistani
7. An Easy Step by Step Guide of Hajj- Mufti AH Elias
8. The K’aba- Fathi Fawazi Abd al Mu’ti
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Map of Makkah Sharif
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Map of Madina Sharif
Edition Notes
The Physical Object
ID Numbers
Work Description
This is a practical guide to perform Hajj and Omrah pilgrimage in a short and easy way. If somebody does not know the Arabic he can also perform the pilgrimage with this guide book. The book is written in simple English with short Verse, Dua, and Darud with transliteration of Arabic pronunciation. The rites and rituals are written in sequence so that all kinds of pilgrims can perform these step by step without any complication.
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History
- Created November 28, 2014
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| May 26, 2020 | Edited by Practical Hajj and Omrah guide:What to do or not to do | Edited without comment. |
| August 2, 2019 | Edited by ruhul amin arakani | Edited without comment. |
| January 26, 2017 | Edited by Practical Hajj and Omrah guide:What to do or not to do | reverted to revision 5 |
| January 17, 2017 | Edited by JeffKaplan | Edited without comment. |
| November 28, 2014 | Created by Practical Hajj and Omrah guide:What to do or not to do | Added new book. |