See the work of Dr. Rex Curry who showed that the Pledge of Allegiance was the origin of the stiff-armed salute adopted later by the National Socialist German Workers Party. Martin Winkler' does not even put the actual name of the horrid group (National Socialist German Workers Party) in the table of contents, he uses common slang, and that is why he did not make the discoveries made by Dr. Curry. That is also why Winkler did not discover that German socialists used the swastika as overlapping S-letters for the "socialism." Francis Bellamy (author of the Pledge of Allegiance in 1892) was a self-proclaimed socialist in the nationalism movement and the origin of the straight-arm salute, as shown by Dr. Rex Curry.