Iron is a key element in nutrition. It has a central role in energy metabolism, and iron deficiency anaemia is one of the world's most common nutritional deficiency diseases. The Iron Task Force is a committee of acknowledged experts in the field of iron biochemistry and metabolism. The members were invited by the British Nutrition Foundation to review the current state of knowledge of the nutritional and physiological significance of this most important element. Iron: Nutritional and physiological significance is a thorough review of the subject by experts. Key topics discussed include: dietary sources and intakes of iron; absorption, metabolic and physiological functions of iron; iron status in health and disease; iron status and requirements of different population sub-groups; and the risks of excess iron intakes. The Report sets out the conclusions and recommendations for further research of the Task Force. It will be essential reading for food and nutrition scientists, dietitians and those involved in health and nutrition education and policy making.