The traditional demographic regime of ancient Greece and Rome is almost entirely unknown; but our best chance for understanding its characteristics is provided by the three hundred census returns that survive on papyri from Roman Egypt. These returns, which date from the first three centuries AD, list the members of ordinary households living in the Nile valley: not only family members, but lodgers and slaves.

The demography of Roman Egypt has a complete and accurate catalogue of all demographically relevant information contained in the returns. On the basis of this catalogue, the authors use modern demographic methods and models in order to reconstruct the patterns of mortality, marriage, fertility, and migration that are likely to have prevailed in Roman Egypt.

They recreate a more or less typical Mediterranean population as it survived and prospered nearly two millennia ago, at the dawn of the Christian era. The material presented in this book will be invaluable to scholars in a wide variety of disciplines: ancient historians - especially those working on social and family history - historical demographers, papyrologists, and social historians generally.