A Heritage of Open Air Square Temple Discovered In Russia

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Heritage of Open Air Square Temple Discovered In Russia.

Avinash Patra

2010

Acknowledgements.

My profound thanks to three dear friends with whom I have the great luxury of working: my editor, Victori Hamilison; my agent, Elizabeth Franklin; and my counselor, Milton L. Cofield. In addition, I would like to express my immense gratitude to Victori and Doubleday, to my publisher around the world, and, of course, to my reads.

I specially thanks to U.S.A Gov. and UNICEF Team to grant approval this work.

I especially thankful to Oxford University Press, UK, to publish my book all over world with very nice cover and Special edition – ally.

Harekrishna..

Preface.

As a Student of “The State University of New York” the author was sponsored to take up study of the newly discovered Open Air Square temple at Etainburgh in Russia. The author’s visit to Russia on 7th August 2010 was only for six hours. After the Visit, the author has already submitted ‘Note,’ of the Visit; to the University.

Within this period, the author took up research study on this topic and the result is product of this monograph. My field guide Dr. Jitamitra Prasad Singh Deo of Khariar, In India, was very much helpful in writing this work. Further Visits, proper studies in details, archeological fieldworks, excavations, Conservation and detail studies of the whole Temple structure and its Image with photographs and measurements will divulge many details of Open Air Square Temple of Russia.

The author in thankful to Oxford University Press, for taking up the Publication of this first research monograph on this Topic.

Dt. 22 – 10 – 2010 Avinash Patra,

262 West 38th Street.

New York, 10018, U.S.A.

(518) 320 – 1100.

Times Square,

The State University of New York,

Student Campus, 3rd Floor,

U.S.A.

Dedication

Dedicated to my Field Guide Dr. Jitamitra Prasad Singh Deo, (Vidyavacaspati, (Ph.D.)) and his wife Dr. Rajshree Debi, (Vidyavacaspati, (Ph.D.)).

“Hai Krishna”

Avinash Patra

Copy right Notice.

Oxford University Press

Great Clarendon Street, Oxford OX2 6DP UK

A University of Oxford Group

www.oup.ac.co.uk

First Published in Great Britain

In 2010 by Oxford University Press

An imprint of Oxford University Press, [OUP], U.K

Avinash Patra has asserted his right under the University of Oxford press Copyright, Designs and World-class Family Act 2010 to be identified as the author of this work.

This book is a work of Realization and, in the case study of Open Air Square Temple Discovered in Edinburgh, Russia, as Hindu God Lord Shiva Temple.

A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

ISBN 978-1-4461-9109-2

This book is sold subject to the condition that is shall not, By way of trade or otherwise, be lent, resold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher’s prior consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition, including this condition, being imposed on the subsequent purchaser.

First Edition Publish in Great Britain in June 23, 2010

Second Edition Publish in Great Britain in September 13, 2010

Printed and bound by Oxford Press, Oxford, UK

2 4 6 8 11 9 6 3 6

CONTENTS.

Preface. *I

Dedication *II

Contents. *III

1. Introduction *1

2. Chapter – 1. *2

India had civilized the Ancient World.

3. Chapter – II

Historicity of the remain of Vikramaditya’s construction discovered in India.

4. Chapter – III.

Open Air Square Temple Discovered in Russia.

5. Appendix – 1.

“Chronology of the History of Bharatvarsh since its Origination,”

Swami Prakashanand Saraswati,

THE TRUE HISTORY AND THE RELIGION OF INDIA,

Motilal Banrsidass, Delhi, First Indian edition, 2001, pp. 500 – 503.

6. Appendix – II.

Prof. Amaranth, “Arabia, Iraq, Iran was once Hindu Countries,

“SOME MISSING CHAPTERS OF WORLD HISTORY,”

Itihas Shodh Sansthan, New Delhi, 1973, pp. 219 – 224.

7. Appendix – III

P.N Oak, “Origin of ‘Allah’ as Hindu God and

‘Kabba’ as Hindu Temple forgotten,”

SOME BLUNDERS OF INDIAN HISTORICAL RESERCH,

Surya Prakashan, Nai Sarak, Delhi – 6 , 1st reprint , Sept., 1969, pp.243 – 258 .

8. Appendix – IV

P.N. Oak, “Hindu origin of Prophet Mohammad Forgotten,

“SOME BLUNDERS OF INDIAN HISTORICAL RESERCH,

Surya Prakashan, Nai Sarak, Delhi – 6 , 1st reprint , Sept., 1969, pp. 310 – 320.

9. Appendix – V

Message on “KAABA A HINDU TEMPLE TAKEN OVER BY MUSLIMS,”

By Aishwarya Rai Bachchan, on 4th Sept. 2010 in Internet Blog.

10. Bibliography.

INTRODUCTION.

India’s Vedic Culture alias Hindu Culture had spread to most parts of the world in ancient period. Great archaeological discoveries are done in the days of science and technology. Therefore ‘ Missing Link of World Civilization : Indo –Aryan Colonization, ‘ has been studied by Vishnu Kant Verma. 1

S.D. Kulkarni 2 deals with’ influence of Ancient Literature of territory of Bharat in U.S.S.R. thus:-

The history of relations between Bharat ( i.e. India) and the territory of the U.S.S.R. goes back to the ancient times. New researches by Sovieat Archaeologist have given convincing proof that close Cultural relations between the people of Central Asia and Bharat already existed as far back as the period of the Harappan Civilization and continued to develop over succeeding ages. There are many references to Bharat, the Customes, belief and traditions of her people and their culture in ancient Russian literature. The image of Bharat as a Country of wealth, wisdom and wonder gradually took shape. Although this image was found in almost all west and east European and middle Eastern literatures of the Middle ages, it acquired a number of distinctive features in literary text of ancient Russia, especially in Russian folklore.

“Bharat had trade relations with Transcaucasia since very ancient times. There were Armenian trading posts in Bharat and the ‘Panchatantra’ enjoyed such enormous popularity in ancient Georgia that the book was given in dowari. A Hindu temple was built near Baku, the Capital of Azerbaizan, which used to be thronged by a multitude of pilgrims from Bharat. The Ossetians one of the nationalities of Caucations, are clearly related, linguistically, with the Indo – Aryans the creators of the Vedas.

“Comparative linguistic studies of Vedic Sanskrit and the languages of the slavs, Baltic and Iranian people is very fruitful at present. Community of origin and a long period of living together by the Indo – Aryans and the remote ancestors of the slaves explain the closeness of Indian and Slav muthologies.

“ According to the linguist Professor Oleg Trubachov a whole series of names of ancient Black Sea regions have a great deal in common, which can be explained by Indian linguistic data for example, the locality near Kherosones in the Cremea called ‘ Dandake ‘ and the Indian ‘ Dandake’ the Scythian names Butonatos and Magadeva, and the Indian Bhutanatha and Mahadeva etc. He even considers it possible to seek the beginnings of Hinduistic faiths “ in the period when the Indo-Aryans inhabited the Black Sea regions,” and speaks of the intensive cultural and ethnic ties and bilateral communication between the Black Sea regions and India in the distant past.

“References to India are found in the earliest ancient Russian literature. In the first centuries after the conversion to Christianity a stream of Greek and Bulgarian books literarily poured into Russia. It was due to translations of Christian literature that there appeared in Russia, Indian names, topics and motifs as well as notions from India which had taken shape several centuries earlier in Byzantium. Byzantium in its turn had adopted information about India from the writings of the ‘ Church Fathers ‘ and the writers of the late Roman Empire in the fourth and fifth centuries, in which were inter – woven fabulous legends from ancient Greek literature, extracts from the notes of participates in the campaigns of Alexander the Great. Christian writings of those years were not only fascinated by the wonders of India and her religion but by the lives of the pious hermits and sages, the Brahmans and Shramanas as well.

“ The author of the most ancient Russian Chronicle – The Chronicle of Times post – refers to the customs of the Indians. The information is based on the Byzantine chronicle of Geogre the Monk. Which was translated into Russian in the middle of 11th century. Information on India and the Brahmanas contained in it goes back to the period of antiquity when the essay by palladius, on the Races of India and the Brahmanas and its Latin Translation by Ambrose appeared. Similer information is contained in another work well known in Russia – The chronographia of John Malalas.

“ The Byzantine Bulgarian influence come to Russia via the territory of Ukraine and the stories of Bharat and motifs of Bharatiya origin began to appear. The Lithunians and the Latvians belong to the people of Indo – European family of languages. A deep interest in what was surprising in nature, unusual animals, plants and stones, was characteristic of Byzantine Christian literature. Stories by the authors of ancient times about the wonders of India, sometimes supplemented with the legends from Arab literature become a fmost important source of the physiologus wide spread in Europe in the middle ages. A symbolic interpretation of the fantastic descriptions of the animals and birds of India is to be found in the works of clement of Alexandria, 2nd & 3rd centuries A.D. (the story of Phonix) . In his works we also find most valuable information on Buddhism in India and Bactria ( including the territory of present day Tajikistan ). Reports of the strange animals in India are wide spread in Byzantine books, devoted to the explanation of the old testament and a description of the Universe according to Biblical Cosmogony. The physiologus and similar works had an enormous influence on Russian ideas about India and other far off countries upto the 17th century. We meet these in the first place in literature, but also in art and oral tradition.

“ Stories about the marvelous bird from India, the phoenix which lived near the ‘ Sun City ‘ ( Heliopolis ) were particularly popular in Russia. The tales affirmed that the Phoenix lay without food in a tree, the ceder of Lebanon for five hundred years and then induced by the priests of Heliopolis, set fire to itself. The Physiologus contains many fabulous stories of the Indian ‘ ant lion ‘ ( whose front half is that of a lion and the rear that of an ant ) of the kite which in India extracts the ‘ quick – birth ‘ stone ( easing childbirth ), of the mythical bird strafil ( ostrich ) and the curing stone with the help of which ‘ cunning doctors ‘ remove the foul fluild. Incidentally under the fantastic covering one may occasionally find echoes of reliable information about strange animal world of India and also about Indian medical knowledge.

“ The surprising animal world of India, abounding not only in real elephants and one – horned rhinoceroses, but also in fantastic “ wild bear, elephants, ant-lions, Nasi-horns and similar wonders was placed before the reader in the Christian Topography by cosmos indicopleastes ( 6the century A.D. ) also , evidently translated in Russian already during the kievan period and subsequently gaining widesprad. A considerable number of the manuscripts of the Christian Topography have come down to us and many are illustrated.

“ The Romance of Barlaam and Josaphath enjoyed popularity in the 12th century Russia. It is well known that the Romance is a transportation of the langendary biography of Buddha and the name Joasaph Josaphat comes from the Indian world ‘Bodhisattva ‘ (via the form Budasph). The legend of Buddha was widespread in many regionsof central Asia in the first century A.D. The text of the Barlam and Joasaph was translated into Latin, Ethiopian, Slavic and many west European languages. The Romance tells of the Indian Princ’s rejection of earthly blessings and temptations and turning to a different, better world and retreat into the desert.

“ In Russia subsequently, a religious poem was composed about Jaasaph to become one of the most popular one. Some versions of this poem reproduce in detail the motif of the Romance, telling of the meting of the son of the Indian ruler abner with the ‘ blind, leprous and toothless’ venerable old man. “ The youth bearing of the grief of the people “ began “ to lament and to talk of the unhappy life of the people” and then himself puts on monastic robes-----------------and voluntarily becomes one of the bestitute . Other versions merely contain Joasaph’s conversation with the hermit, that is to say , his lamentations prayer or praise. For the hermit the question is ‘ Yasakhvy, whom are you abandoning your kingdom ? ‘ The prince replies : “ The beautiful mother hermitage, it is my temporary kingdom, but the kingdom of Heaven is Eternal. “ Thus one of the finest example of Russian religious verse goes back to the Romance of Barlaam and Joasaph, and in the end is the reflection of the Indian legend of the Buddha. The 1681 edition of the Romance has engravings by the remarkable 17th century Russian artist simon ushakov. One of the earliest performance in the Russian court theatre at the beginning of the 18th century also reproduced the Romance. This motif basically Indian in origin inspired such well known Russian poets of the 19th century as vasily zhukovsky and Apollon Maikov.

“ The influence of the literature of Bharat is also felt in the famous religious verse Dove book Golubinayaknnigal in which are posed questions one can feel the influence of such works as the physiologus and the story of the Indian kingdom. But the lines in some variants of this religious verse dealing with the origin of people are particularly interesting : “ The rulers in our world come from the sacred head of Adam, the princely boyars from the sacred body of Adam, orthodox peasants from the sacred feet of Adam. “ These lines from the Dove Book are reminiscent of lines from the purushasukta, the famous hymn of the Rigveda on the origin of the varnas, which have frequently attracted the attention of the researchers.

“India is mentioned in a number of ecclesiastical Slavonic texts. A description of the life of the Brahmanas or ‘ blessed ‘ people was very popular in Byzantine and old Bulgarian literature of the 10th , 13th centuries. The Narrative of Macurius of Rome, from example told of the journey of three youths to India, to the country of the ‘ blessed ‘ who live in a ‘ ave close to paradise itself, to about ( naked and have with white hair, the description of the ‘ blessed ‘ and the surrounding countries is reminiscent of the description of the life of the Brahmanas in late Graeco – Roman Literature which served as a source for the narrative.

“ The Russioan popular story ‘ The Friend ‘ like other stories about evil spirits, has been traced to Indian sources. Another Russian story the ‘ Fox Wailor ‘ which is a variant of ‘ jack and the Bean stalk, in which a fox is described as wailing , is said to be of Indian origin. W.A.S. Ralstone in his work ‘ Russian Folk tales,’ refers to a variety of parallel stories in Russian and Indian traditions.

“ As a result of new excavations by soviet Archaeologists in Altine – tape, in southern Turkmenia ( not far from the city of Ashkhabad ) the existence of the contacts between the cities of the Indus Valley bronze age settlements of southern Turkmenia was established. Some objects have parallels in the Harappan culture – those of metal and ivory, broken faience beads and ceramics. The terra-cotta figurines from southern Turkmenia are similar to those made by city dwellers of Harappan towns. These figurines reflect the ancient cult of the Mother Goddess.

“ The excavations at Airtam discovered an ancient settlement the remains of a small stupa and two stupas. The famous Airtam frieze formed a port of the sculptural complex ornamenting the entrance to the shrines.There were fourteen figures on the frieze – five of them musicians, two hold garlands in their hands, one is holding a bowl. The female musicians are playing a harp, a lute, a double flute, cymbals and a small drum. The well – known Russian Indologist sergei Oldenburg assumed the representation of the musicians to be Panchamahasabda, ‘ The five great sounds of Indian mythology.

“ The discoveries of painting in penjikent are of great value for the study of Indian – Central Asian Cultural ties.

“ A painting composition was discovered at penjikent with a ‘ dark blue dancer, ‘ draped in a tiger skin and a trident behind him. Prof. Belentsky rightly considers that this ‘ dark blue dancer, ‘ dated back to the iconography of shiva who as is well known, is represented with a dark blue neck and always carries a Trident. The dark blue man dows not transmit the canonical image of shive to full extent.

“ The story of the Indian kingdom played an important part in the formation of ideas on India in Russia. It is based on the story of a letter allegedly sent by the Indian priest king ( prester ) John to the Greek ruler Manual Commenus. The ‘ Letter ‘ appeared in Greek in the middle of the 12th century and was then translated into Latin. The Russian version of Prester Jhon’s letter appeared early in the 13th century kingdom, of the great and famous state and all its wonders how great its territory is, how many wonders and treasurers there are and what its people, animals, birds and all sorts of Jewels are like. The story included legends about, ‘ The far-off, fabulously rich country of India where the rivers flowed from paradies itself and pepper grew there and there was precious stone called emerald and an abundance of everything but neither a thief nor bandit nor envious persons.

“ The image of ancient Bharat in U.S.S.R. is that of suvarnabhumi and also plunyabhumi. “

Shripad Dattatraya Kulkarni 3 gives further information thus : -

“ Buddhists images have been found in the burials of the south Russian Steppes in the pre – Mongol period. This attests to the earliest contact of the Indians with the Russians.

“ In Russian literature, however, India had remained for a long time a favourite them of fables and tales since Alexander’s time ( 326 B.C. ). The famous life of Buddha ‘ Barlaam and Josaphat, ‘ was the christian version. It was in vogue in Russia. It was written by Euthymius a Georgian Monk ( 980 A.D. ). It tells of the conversion of the young Buddhist prince Barlaam to Christianity by a certain hermit Josaphat.

“ The Russian marchant Athanasius Nikitin lured by profitable Indian trade had visited india during 1466 – 72 A.D. His diary proved to be a valuable guide for future travels to Russians. Many such attempts were made. As a result an Indian trader’s colony was set up at Astrakhan on Volga Estuary in seventeenth century. Later ‘ Indian religious men, ‘ and artisans also come and taught their arts to the Russians These Hindus married Russian girls and became Russianised around 1782 A.D. “ The Hindus also enjoy at Astracan very fair indulgence; nor could they, in the most celebrated places of worship in India, perform their rites with more freedom. They are not stationary residents, nor do they keep any of their females in this city; but after accumulating a certain property they return to India, and are succeeded by other adventures. Being a mercantile sect of their Nation, and occupaied in a desultory species of traffic, they have neglected to preserve any record of their first settlement and subsequent progress in this quarter of Astrakhan. In the ‘ Karavansarai ‘ allotted to them, which is commodious and detached, they make their ablutions and offer up their prayers without attracting even the curiosity of the Christian, and they do not fail to

Gratefully contrast of temperate a conduct with that of Persia, where their religion, persons and prosperity, are equally exposed to the attacks of bigotry and avarice. “ (D.B. Diksalkav, “ Hindus in Afghanistan, Persia and Russia in 1773,” – Journal of the Greater India Society, Vol. IV, 2nd July 1937, p. 148 ) .

“ The first Russian translation of Indian text was that of ‘ Bhagavad Gita ‘ in 1787, translated from English translation by Charls Wilkins ( London, 1785 ). The first Russian to study Sanskrit was Gerasian Lebedev who spent twelve years in India ( 1785-97 ) as a Clerk at the Fort William. He published in 1801 his ‘ Grammar of pure and mixed East Indian Dialects with Dialogues. ‘ He cast the first Devanagiri type and published in 1805 in Russian a ‘ Survey of the Religious and philosophical systems in India.

“ Count S.S. Uvaroy was the first to make a serious attempt at establishing on a permanent footing a chair for the study of Sanskrit in St. Petersburg ( 1810 A.D. ) He selected Robert Lenz ( 1808-1836 ) for this Chair. Lenz studied Kalidasa’s Vikramorvashiya. ‘ He died in 1836.

“ The work of Lenz was continued by pavel petrov who has awarded a scholarship to study Sanskrit in Germany under Fr.Bopp. He visited paris. He had earlier in 1836 published ‘ sitaharana (Ramayana Book III). ‘ when he returned to Russia in 1841, he was appointed to Sanskrit Chair at the Kazan University. He took great interest in the spread of Sanskrit in Russia. In St. Petersburg the study of Sanskrit was continued by prof. C. Kassowicz. The Sanskrit School of St. Petersburng became famous by the compilation of St. Petersburg Sanskrit Dictionary in seven volumes ( 1855-1875 A.D. ). Bhddhism gave impetus to the study of Sanskrit and Buddhology. Prof. Minayav and his pupil Oldenburg have distinguished themselves in fields of Bludhists archaeology and Folk-lore.

“ Ragozin’s History of India ( 1905), concerned only with Vedic India, is a noteworthy book on Vedic period.

“ Geographical proximity and historical ties made Russian Scholars devote particular attention toa the study and exploration of central Asia (Turkestan, Mongolia, Tibet ) , a region which throughout the first millennium A.D. had been a Cultural province of a Greater Indian Cultural whole, any many parts of which still preserve a priceless

“ INDIA : CENTRE OF THE WORLD :

“ India attracted the attention of the world throughout the past ages. As late as the mid-seventeenth century, we find Milton singing of ‘ The Wealth of Ormuz and India, ‘ in his paradise Lost. Sylvain Levi the French Indologist has inspired others by his utterances on the Mission of India in the scheme of Universal history : “ The multiplicity of the manifestation of Indian genius as well as their fundamental unity gives India the right to figure on the first rank in the history of Civilized Nations. Her Civilization, spontaneous and original, unrolls itself in a continuous time across at least thirty centuries, without interruption and without deviation. Ceaselessly in contact with foreign elements, which threatened to strangle her, She persevered victoriously in absorbing them, assimilating them and enriching herself with them. Thus She has the Greeks, the Scythians, the Afghans, the Turco-Mongols pass before her eyes in succession and is regarding with indifference the Englishman confident to pursue, under the accidents of the surface, the normal course of her high destiny. “

Russian people have also gifted much to know the Unknown Life of Jesus Christ. A noted Russian traveler Notovitch 4 discovered a Manuscript, while convalescing in the Himis monastery in Ladak. He started his Journey to Tibet after the close of the Turko-Russian war in 1877-78. Notovitch has mentioned in his book ‘ The unknown life of Jesus Christ, ‘ that ‘ when Issa had attained the age of thirteen, when Israelite should take a wife, he left his father’s house, went out of Jerusalem, and in company with some merchants, travelled towards Sindh. In the course of his fourteenth year, young Issa Journeyed beyond Sindh and settled among the Aryas in the beloved country of God. The noted archaeologist prof. Roerich has also corroborated Notovitch in his Despatch by observing that Jesus Christ travelle through India, and returned to Jerusalem when he was 29 years of age, and that it is proved by a manuscript, which he had the privilege to see for himself, in a Bluddhist monastery, the Himis of Tibet. In the Epitome of the book, ‘ The Un know Life of Jesus Christ, ‘ it has been mentioned that st. Luke has observed : ‘ Jeslus was about thirty years of age when he began to exercise his Ministry. Her again Nicholas Notovitch comes to our aid by observing : ‘ Here the Evangelists again lost the thread of terrestrial life of Jesus. ‘ St. Luke says : ‘ he was in desert till the day of his shewing into Israel, ‘ which conclusively proves that no one knew where the young man had gone to so suddenly reappear sixteen years later’.

This is a great prove to show India’s link with rest area of the World.

India’s ancient history is distorted, because it was written by the imperialistic historians of British India. Therefore prof. Amarnath5 informs that it has been rightly observed that the value of a new finding lies not so much in establishing a new principle or refuting an old one, but in lifting current thinking from age-old ruts and putting it on to a new tract. Further Prof. Amarnath6 is of opinion that India’s History has been written by her enemies.

Because of this reason, it is necessity to rething on Ancient Indian history and know its Culture, before dealing on the topic India’s contact with Russia.

REFEFENCES.

1. Vishnu Kant Varma, MISSING LINK OF WORLDCIVILISATION: INDO ARYAN COLONISATION, Pratibha Prakashan, Delhi, 2005, passim.

2. S.D. Kulkarni, (General Editor), Bhishma’s Study of Indian history and Culture, Vol. XVI, INIDA ABROAD, Shri Bhagavan Vedavyasa itihasa Samshodhana Mandira, (BHISHMA) Thane, Bombay, 1995, pp. 276-280.

3. ibid., 1995, pp. 212 -214.

4. Nicolas Notovitch, THE UNKNOWN LIFE OF JESUS CHRIST,

Translated by J.H. Connelly and L.Landsberg, Nababharat publishers,

Kolkata, reprint 1981, Vide: Introduction by Swami Prajnanananda.

5. Prof. Amaranth, SOME MISSING CHAPTERS OF WORLD HISTORY, Itihas Shodh Sansthan, New Delhi, 1973, p.9.

6. ibid. 1973, pp.-18.

CHAPTER-I.

INDIA HAD CIVILISED THE ANCIENT WORLD.

While describing the Aryan Seers, David Frawley1 states that this Spiritual Culture of India’s mythical Golden Age called itself ‘ARYAN’, and it is from here that this term originally derives. Aryan originally means noble, people of noble character, inner values, integrity and honesty, the nobility of Self-knowledge, It was in this sence that even the Buddha (who criticized much of the Vedic religion which by his time had degenerated from its Spiritual base ) called his religion Aryan (Arya Dharma), his Wisdom Aryan (Arya Prajna) and his path Aryan. This (Arya Prajna ) and his path Aryan. This original sense of Aryan has little to do with the Germanic sense of the term invested by nineteenth century European thinkers and further warped by the Nazis. Aryan is a term for a higher- sacrifice and the Consciousness of unity and universality. It is unfortunate that it has been debased and that these negative and inappropriate associations, which are really ignoble, unspiritual and un-Aryan, should be projected upon it. Yet this is often the way of the World, as the Vedas say, where in the dark forces take upon themselves and use falsely the powers and appellations of the Light.

“The highest human type in Aryan Society, the Cultural bearer and guide, is the Seet and Sage. Aryan Society was ruled by men of spiritual Knowledge, the enlightened and illumined who lived in cosmic awareness. The values of Aryan Society were arranged hierarchically to lead all human beings to become seers. Material and Commercial values were regarded as inferior and kept in check. The prime value of Aryan Society was the Worship of the Vivine, outwardly and ritualistically for the ignorant, inwardly in meditation for the wise.

“The Aryan Seer is a higher order of human being, a man of Spiritual Knowledge like Buddha or Christ. At that time such Seer were not rare individuals outside of Society, but the highest level of the Society whose place was recognized and revered by the Culture as a whole. These Seers manifested the love of Truth, a free and open creativity, and a great ardor of life and awareness. In stature they were like great mountains, in movement like mighty rivers. Their powers of perception extend through all the realms of Cosmic existence. Their Creative force manifested in many Worlds. Yet they were as yielding and serviceable as a Cow, as impartially beneficent as the Sun. Reaching in mind the highest heavens, they remained as humble as the earth. Knowing the Supreme beyond, they could still revel in the simple in the simple beauties of life in the here and now. They were men of the greatest simplicity yet of vast comprehension, which is why their hymns frequently become too multiple and magical in meaning for us to grasp. They were our Spiritual fathers, the makers of Civilization, and as long as Civilization upheld their inner and Spiritual values, there was true harmony on earth.

“The Vedic hymns are, in a way, merely a means of introducing us to our seer ancestors, that we might comprehend the heritage of Spiritual humanity we also possess. Our true human legacy is not just of violence and sorrow. At the origins of our Civilisation are the Seers and their great meditations. Recognizing them again, we can once more call up their power within us and again become true human beings, men of Cosmic awareness, instead op animals or machines out of control. A true understanding of ancient Culture discovers the work of these Seers and a true vision of the future shows their influence returning again.

“Our present idea of man as a purely physical entity with purely material drives and our idea o history as the development of material tools and capacities is false and degrading. Our true and original human heritage from which we have fallen is as Seers, Cosmic beings of Spiritual awareness. A proper understanding of the Rig Veda restores this original and higher heritage of ours and returns to us that capacity of seeing in which alone we can realize our potential, a condition more happy and wise than anything modern Culture has yet to imagine. It is to bring the Aryan Seer out in us that this Book is written, to stimulate our true nobility of character and capacity to perceive the Truth. It is not for some mere Cultural or intellectual interest, but to link us upwardly to the ancient Spiritual forces that once had great power on earth and are needed again today for us to survive this difficult transitional period of the race”.

With this background it can be said that P.N.Oak2 had rightly dealt a chapter named,’ Arya an ideal misconstrued as a Race,’ and had mentioned that what better proof of this Truth can be found than the well known maxim, which enjoins on all Indians that ideal “krunvanto vishwam aryam, i.e. “MAKE THE ENTIRE WORLD ARYA’. Had the Word ‘ARYAN’ signified a Race, the above dictum would not have come into being because Race-conscious people far from wanting to assimilate the ‘World’, in their fold believe in maintaining an exclusive identity.

According to Hindu tradition, after every deluge Divinity bestows the Vedas as respositories of Knowledge on the new World as a new Chapter for progress. Lord Krishna also assure’s in the Bhagavat Gita that “When anti-history rampant pushes history into a shade I swing into action leading the Truth Brigade.”

Such a period has come. Hence a Spiritual genius His Divinity Dharm Chakravarti Swami Prakashanand Saraswati wrote a book named, ‘The True History and the Religion of India.3’ basing on India’s great Scriptures and states :-

“But in the last 200 years such despisations were much greater when the English regime tried to destroy the Cultures and the Religion of India by all means, and, during that time, they deliberately produced such derogatory literatures in huge quantities that confused and misguided the World.

“Trying to impose the Worldliness of their own Culture upon the Hindu faith, they introduced such fictitious theories and disparaging dogmas that produced a derogatory and demeaning view of Hinduism. These publications affected the minds of Hindu writers to such an extent that they also began to think and write on the same lines. As a result of that the reputed organizations like Ramakrishna Mission and Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan and World known learned Scholars like Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan etc., produced such books that were the replicas of the same trend that was promoted by Sir William Jones, the Associated of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Maz Muller (who was a highly paid employee of East India Company), and many more. …….. Seeing such an amazing Spiuritual greatness of India which was a ruled Colony of the British, their vanity was hurt and their hearts revolted. They couldn’t believe that India had such a deep and descriptive Divine philosophy since time immemorial whose single ray incorporates the teachings of all the pious religions of the rest of the World”.

Indian History Congress is still following the chronology of the history of India, as established by the Imperial historians of British India. It is an usual trend in the mundane world that in pioneer works defects are found. Therefore Swami Prakashanand Saraswati has corrected the Chronology of the history of India, as given in Appendix- I. About the first Tribal migration in the World, Swami Prakashanand Saraswati informs thus. :-

“After the ascension of Krishna, Kaliyug started, and a fierce Sea deluge destroyed Dwarika. Much before that the Khatriyas of Bharatvarsa (India) had been going out to settle in other Countries and to have their own domain. However, there is a big question in the minds of certain intellectuals that how did the migration of the Tribes start in the World? When they try to probe into the migration problem, the scanty historical information prior to 3,500 B.C. and than a dead stop caused by the latest ice age,. Obscures the situation. However, the Scriptures give a reference to this situation and explain that the existing human civilization was reestablished by Vaivaswat Manu 120,533 million years ago on the plains of the Ganges. We had the same Puranas, Gita and the Bhagwatam all the time. When the population increased and stretched towards the Indus Valley and the eastern side of India, the Prideful youths, desirous of conquering new lands and territories, spread out all over Asia, Middle East and also Europe. This could have happened before the last ice age and would have kept on happening even prior to the Mahabharata War.

“The Manu Smriti (10/43, 44) gives a brief account of such a Tribal movement when these Prideful people went out of India and settled in the other parts of the Continent long ago.

“Because of the non-association of the Vedic teachings of India the People of Dravid, Kamoj, Shak (Central Asia), China, Yavan and Parad (Gulf countries) etc., became worldly and lost their original Indian Culture.

“When they left India they had our locally spoken Sanskrit language with them and the stories of the Puranas and our religious customs where also in their minds. But the prolonged lapse of time and no social and spiritual relations with India made them forget India and they all started their new Culture and Religion and also a new style of language. In this way a numbr of Cultures started in the World whose remote prime origin was India (BharATVARSH)”.

P.N. Oak 5 deals with the topic ‘India Kshatriaya rule from Bali to the Baltic and Korea to Kaba forgotten,’ and while narrating about Russia, states,” The name Soviet Russia originates in Sweta i.e. White Russia. Caspian Sea owes its origin to Sage Kashyap, a Vaidk explorer who colonized the region. His descendants were known as Baityas and Kashyaps. The ancient Kingdom of Hircania mentioned by Greek historians was located in the Caspian region. A Kaspian who ruled over Hircania is referred to in the Indian Puranas as Hiranya Kashyap. We have already observed earlier that that he had ordered his son prince Prahlad to be rolled down a mountain-side in the north-western frontier regions of the Indian Sub-continent. From this we can deduce that the Hirania Kingdom extended from the Caspian region to the north-western boundary of the Indian sub-continent at least.

“A Russian trade Commissioner posted to Japan in 1792 bore the name Lakshman which, derived from the Ramayana, is a common Hindu name, Dooma and Agni, meaning Smoke and Fire retain their original Sanskrit from in Russian because Vaidik Fire worship was prevalent in the whole of the Bharata- Khanda that is the Asia-Europe continent. One of thousands of those Fire worship-cum-cultural centers still exists in Baku. A chain of these Fire temple can still be trace from the Jwalamukhi temple in the Punjjab State of India, the Fire temple in Baku the Fire temple in Baghdad to Mecca which is Sanskrit ‘MAKHA’ meaning the sacrificial Fire. The custom of the seven-fold perambulation around that sacred Fire. The custom of the seven-fold perambulation around that sacred Fure us still practiced in the KABA Shrine, which was the abode of Fire-worship and Sanctuary of 360 Hindu images.

“The Fire temple in Baku has quaint inscriptions. Local Indian merchants contribute towards the upkeep of the Temple. Some times a solitary Hindu Sadhu resides at the Temple in the midst of a heap of ashes. During the last days of Muslim rule in India, some holly men from the Punjab have also etched Gurmukhi inscriptions on the walls of that Fire temple. Though the existing building of the Temple may be of comparatively recent construction, the site being of immemorial antiquity, is likely to yield very valuable evidence if properly explored. The feminine name Svetalana in Russia is also very significant. Its corresponding Sanskrit form is Swetanana meaning” the fair-faced”. Samarkand means samarkhand. In that town what is believed to be Tamarlain’s tomb contains a Sculptural drawing called Soor-Sadul depicting a leaping Tiger against a rising Sun.. This shows that what is believed to be a Muslim tomb must have been an ancient palace of Sanskrit-speaking Indians because Sur means Soorya, the Sun and Sadul is Shardul meaning a Tiger in Sanskrit.

“In Siberis, the local people still worship the Hindu God ‘AYU’, signifying the giver of longevity, when anybody is taken seriously ill. That this is an ancient Hindu custom, is also mentioned in Uma Sitarm’s article about the Hindu Brahmin sect of South India Ayyars. The article was appeared in the “ Illustrated Weekly of India”, (published from Bombay), dated 23rd January 1972. On Page 8 of the issue, a picture caption reads “AYUSHYAHOMAM”. It is customary for parents to perform a havan (i.e. offer oblations of a sacred fire) on the birth day of their Children. Ayu-devata or the Deity presiding over one’s life-span and Mrityunjaya (Siva the vanquisher of death) are invoked). ____

“ In Russia names like ‘Stalingoad’, and ‘Leningrad’, are the same as ‘Nandigram’ and ‘Sewagram’, in India. The Russian suffix ‘Grad’, is a corrupt form of the ancient Sanskrit ‘Gram’. Siberia pronounced locally as ‘Shibir’, is a Sanskrit work for encampment since people there have to live in Camps in the inhospitable local climate in the absence of permanent houses. That proves how Siberia too was Colonised by the ancient Sanskrit- speaking Hindus.

“It is perhaps not known that Siberia still retains and follows only Ayurbeda. Siberians still preserve ancient Ayurvedic texts illustrated with drawsings of Indian herbs. A Photo copy of one such ancient Indian text on Ashtang-Ayurveda, found in Siberia, has been brought by the International Academy o Indian Culture, J-22 Hauz Khas, New Delhi-16. Representatives of that Academy who toured Siberia around 1968 A.D. report that common household Ayurvedic Remedies such as Hingashtak and Trifala powders are prepared and commonly used by Siberians. The Siberians also evince great respect for Ganga water. All this is strong evidence of ancient Indian educators, administrators and medicine men having stayed, worked and taught in Siberia in times immemorial. Considering the present state of knowledge all this sounds fantastic but in view of the rare evidence that we are producing here and through othr publications of ours, all these missing chapters o history will have to be carefully researched, studied and repieced.:.

Thousands of years ago, long before the Christian era, Vedic Culture alias Hinduism, had spread throughout Europe. P.N. Oak7 had discussed this topic thus. :-

“Do as the Joneses do” , is the dictum which people usually follow. Even so-called Scholars are no exception to this rule. They too have a penchant for repeating what the Joneses (i.e. Sir William Jones, Max Muller and company ) have said. This attitude has stifled scientific research in every academic field.

“Since the sphere of Indology, contemporary Scholars and the academic bureaucracy tend to cling tenaciously to pronouncements made 100 or 200 years ago by those in authority.

“This sad conclusion of mine was reinforced some time ago when I wrote to the Chairmen of the boards of editors of the Oxford and Wedster’s English Dictionaries, suggesting that since English was directly derived from Sanskrit the Greek-Latin basis of their etymology should be promptly abandoned.

“While the Oxford people wrote back that they wouldn’t like to drift away from teir 150 year-old etymological moorings, Wedster’s argued that since Englishmen were not even aware of the existence of Sanskrit until about 400 years ago, the English language which is older than 400 years couldn’t have been derived from Sanskrit. This Websterian argument unwittingly reveals the exact snag. It is their historical short-sightedness which is blurring their etymological perspective They seem to be ignorant that though Euro9peans ventured into Asia only 400 yars ago Indians were present in Europe and other parts of the World as administrators and educators right from the dawn of Civilisation.

“Sanskrit-speaking India (Hindu) Kshatriya rulers ruled not only Europe but the whole World for an inconceivably long period in the pre-christian era. Therefore, it was their language Sanskrit, their medical science (namely the Ayurved), their Deities like Rama and Krishna, their educational system and their Vedic way of life which prevailed all over there World until it became nearly extinct because of an extraordinarily long innings, soon after the Mahabharat War, over 5000 years ago.

“It is interesting to review pre-Christian Europe’s Hindu Cultural heritage. Such a reviw would raise a number of basic questions in the minds of skeptical Scholars.

“Did the Hindus know of the expanse of the Earth and the Universe ? Yes, they certainly did. And perhaps even better than what the Space-exploring Americans know today. Because while the Americans who landed on the Moon were asked to examine the similarity of the Soil and terrain of the Moon the earth. Hindu astronomy established in untraceable antiquity the structural affinity of the Earth with Mars, of the Moon with Mercury and of Saturn with the Sun.

“SCRIPTURE MENTION AIR CRAFT”

“Did the Hindus have swift mechanical means of transport ? Yes, they did. Because almost all Hindu Scriptures mention the use of aircraft and soacerraft as frequently as modern newspapers do. What’s more, Hindus have to this day ancient Sanskrit texts on a bewildering veriety of industry including aeronautics. For instance, the one I know of an aircraft manufacture is titled “BRUHAD VIMAN SHASHTRA’, by Bharadwaj. This is available as an annoted printed publication in the market.

“Why did the Hindus Colonise and administer the World? Because they had the urge, the power and Knowledge as the Eropeans had in modern times. How did the Hindus move out of Inida ? It is usually forgotten that Hindus could easily march through Afghanistan north into Russia and east right upto the Vladivostok. Similarly, they could march across Baluchistan right upto English Channel, Gibraltar and Capetown, even presuming that they went only by land.

“ARMED FORCES”.

“World Sovereignty entails a strong military organization and an efficient Civil administration. Traces of that World wide of that Worldwide ancient Hindu hold remain in modern records and traditions. One needs only the vision to detect them and the will to glean through them.

“Take the word’ ‘NAVY’. It is Sanskrit word, pronounced ‘NAA- VI, signifying a collection of boats. Similarly the word ‘Navigability’, is a pure Sanskrit compound, ‘Naavi-ga-bal-ity’. Meaning that which has the capacity to allow Ships to move about. These Sankrit terms have come down to our times only because of the Hindu, Sanskrit, maritime heritage of modern Europeans.

“Place names like Salonica, Veronica and Thessalonica enshrine the memory o ancient Hindu military Cantonments, because the Sanskrit term ‘fonica’, signifies an army. The ancient Hindus had such cantonments dotting the Globe. Names like Dorchester and Lancaster indicate arms dumps because the suffix ‘Ster’ is the Sanskrit word ‘Shastra’, signifying arms.

“Terms like Hindenburg and Hapsburg mark the sites of ancient Hindu Castles where the Sanskrit suffix ‘burg’. Similarly, ‘quay’ is a Sanskrit word for water. Therefore ‘Castle’ when pronounced ‘Key-sthal’, means a Fort amidst a water-filled moat. Places like Kilkenny and kilpatric also commemorate Hindu Forts bcause the prefix ‘Kila’, signifies a Fort even in modern pavlance in India.

“The Word’ Satrap’ which has acquired the unsavoury connotation of a tyrant in modern parlance is the Sanskrit woird ‘Kshetrap’, that is , the administrator o a district. Satrapys, therefore, were Countries of the ancient Hindu realm (‘Kshetra’, is ‘land’ and ‘pa’ administration in Sanskrit).

‘OM ON ST. PAUL’S CATHEDRAL.

“Throughout Europe, despite systematic Christian destruction for nearly 2,000 years, remnants of Hindu Deities such as the Shiv Ling, the Mother Goddess, the Sun riding his legendary Chariot and mosaics depicting Lord Krishna and Shiv have been found. The Sanskrit ‘OM NES’ chant still survivs in bold capital letters, on the central Chapel arch of St. Paul’s Cathedral in London.

“The Christian and pre-Christian Greek pantheon was entirely Hindu. The so called Christian Trinity is a hodgepodge substitute for the ancient Hindu Trinity. One Sanskrit name of Lord Siva is Tryambakesh. Its last syllable is misunderstood to be the Greek God Bacchus. Pramathes is yet another name of Lord Shiv. The Greek promunced it Prometheus. Ganesh was Janus. Anna Poorna, the Hindu Goddess, became Anna Perina. Mariamma, another Hindu Goddess, has survived in Christian lore as Mother Mary, which is exactly what Mariamma connotes.

“Rama and Krishna too survive in our own day even in Christian Europe. Ramsgate in England marks the site of the ancient Ramdwar (when ‘dwar’, means door, that is, ‘ Temple gates ‘ like the Sanskrit term Gurudwar- that is Rama temple township). So also, Rome (spelled ‘Roma’ in Italy) was founded after Rama. This is corroborated by paintings of Ramayanaic episodes found in ancient Italian homes. Yet another confirmation is that Italy has also a City founded after Ravan (Spelled ‘Ravanna’ ), the great adversary of Rama. Even topographically they lie diagonally opposite each other, one on the west coast and the other on the east coast of Italy. In England names like Ramsay, Macdonald and Winston are derived from the deity Rama.

‘Since Krishna was a later incarnation, his shrines survived longer. It was Chrisn (Krishna ) who was worshipped in every themple. Chrisn was pronounced ‘Christ’, as is the vogue even in India, especially in Bengal and Bihar. Therefore every ‘Church’, may have been a Chrisn temple where Candle lights represent the holy Hindu lamp (‘niranjan’). The bread and wine represent the Hindu ‘prasad’, offering. Every ancient Church is octagonal and is astronomically oriented. These are Hindu attributes.

“the promontory near Cadiz in Spain was known as ‘Holy’, because it abounded in Krishna temples. Their lofty pillared edifices were familiar landmarks to ancient mariners.

“CHRISTMAS OF HINDU ORIGIN ?

“The birth celebrated at the stroke of midnight to the pelling of bells in all Churches is in fact the birth of C hrisn (Pronounced Christ). Europeans reckon their day from thaqt hour in commemoration o Christ dispelling darkness and commencing an era of cheer and prosperity. The depiction of baby Christ in a basket in a manger is in fact the portrayal of Chrisn whom his father Vasudeo carried to safety in a basket across a whollen river. Christmas, pronounced ‘Christmas’, is in fact the Sanskrit word ‘Chrismas’, meaning ‘month’, (not the day) of Chrisn. In his Bhagawadgeeta Lord Chrisn calls Margasheersh (December ), His representative month. The parallelism is endless because so-called Christianit is nothing but Chrisnity, that is, Hindu Krishna worship. Christmas in fact commemorates the end of the destructive Mahabharat War and the emergence of Chrisn as its Divine Hero.

“Other so-called Christian festivals like all Souls Day (Hindu Sarva Pitri Amavasya ) Ash Wednesday (Hindus wear ash marks on the forehead every day after a bath ), Easter (Commemorating Goddess Arishta taraka, that is Astarte), the term Pope (which is Sanskrit, connoting one ‘Who protects people from Sin’, for which Papal Bulls were issued), the ritual of feet washing and the term Vatican (i.e. Dharma Vatica in Sanskrit, signifying a religious hermitage )signify that Hinduism prevailed in ancient Europe.

“Ancient Eurpean terms have Sanskrit origins, Vestry is from Vasantra, that is, apparel; Saint is ‘ Sannad’, Chapel is ‘Chalal’ (that is, with a concave ceiling like a bow). Aisle, pronounced ‘ail’ is ‘alaya’; nun is from the Sanskrit negative duplicated as ‘na-na’ to signify one who says ‘no’ to normal Wordly feminine leanings.

“Eminent Hindu Sages 9Rishis ) spread Hindu Culture and supervised Civil administration throughout the ancient World. Their memory still survives in Europe. Kashyap, the progenitor of the Daitya Clan, is commemorated by the Caspian Sea. The word ‘August’, and the title Augustus (Caesar) is derived from Sage Agasti. The Etruscan Civilisation of Eturia (i.e. ancient Italy ) originated in Sage Etri. The Gaul empire gets its name from Galav. Such legendary Saptarshees (i.e. Seven Sages) of the Hindus are remembered with reverence for exploring the World and stetting up ideal human settlements everywhere.

“THE CALENDAR”.

“The word Calendar is derived from the Sanskrit ‘Kalantar’, the 60 seconds, 60 minutes calculation is Hindu mathematics. The word hour is the Sanskrit word ‘hora’. The days of the Week, from Saturday to Friday, are as per the sequence laid down by the Hindus. The 12 months al bore Hindu names. January is for Janus, i.e. Ganesh. August is derived from Agastya. The words Setember, October, November and December which survive as Calendric fragments of the ancient Hindu world-wide system signify the 7th, 8th, 9th and 10th parts of the zodiac (i.e. ‘ember’) and have Sanskrit origins. September used to be the seventh month, as its name signifies, because the new year fell in March in ancient Europe, as per the Hindu tradition. Thus from the second to the year (and even the reckoning of the day form midnight) the compilation of time was as per Hindu regulations.

“Eduucation.

“Hindu administration and education throughout the ancient world used to be exclusively in Sanskrit. Geometry (Ti-guna-matra), Botany, zoology, Biology, (of arts, law, medicine, science and so on ) degree on a woman or a married Man has its origin in the ancient Hindu Sanskrit educational system under which European children had to remain in the Gurus home as bachelors till they completed their education. The Master’s degree is a translation of the Sanskrit term Visharad. Moreover, ‘Maha Ster’ (contracted to ‘Master’ and ‘Minister’ or Mr.) is a Sanskrit term signifying the attainment o a high levl. The Doctor’s degree too reflects the two shades of the Sanskrit word ‘Kavi’, namely, on who has attained the highest standards of all round refinement and a ‘medical expert’ (i.e. ‘Kaviraj,’ also signifying an expert physician).

“MEDICIAN SYSTEM.

“The words heart (Hrt), hiccups (hicca), anesthesia (an-stha-syayee i.e. lying inert ), gland (granthi) and thermometer (gherm-matra) are all Sanskrit terms indicating that allopathy is only as Ayurvedic graft. So-called modern allopathic surgery (as for instance, of the prostate gland) is a step-by-step implementation o what the famous Hindu Surgeon aSushrut delineated several centuries ago.

“GEOGRAPHICAL EVIDENCE.

“The ancient Atlas was a Sanskrit, Hindu Atlas. For instance, the river Selne in France gets its name from Sindhu. The consonants ‘d’ and ‘h’ were dropped because of the French mannerism of blanking out the last Consonants. The Danube, which runs through Central Europe gets its name from the Vedic Danav community that lived on its banks.

“Budapest, the Capital of Hungary, is ancient Buddhaprastha, a city commemorating Lord Buddha, Hungary is the modern pronunciation of the Sanskrit term Shringary, signifying a hilly country of scenic beauty.

“Germany calls itself Deauschiand and the people of Holland are known as the Dutch form their Daitya heritage. The daityas were an ancient Hindu Vedic Community.

“Such familian modern topographical terms as the Straits of sunda in the far east, to the Red sea in west Asia are recorded in the Ramayan, a million year – old war istroy of the Vedic Hindus. The ‘Atlantic’ is the Sanskrit compound ‘a-tal-antic’ meaning ‘a sea of ayssmal depth’. So in the term Mediterranean, signifying in Sanskrit a sea in the middle of the earth, because it divides the land masses of Asia and Europe.

“The sooner World Scholarship abandons the ‘Jones’ fixation, the better it will be. Lossening of that psychological stranglehold will enable scholars and academies to revise their concepts and outdated encyclopaedic terms.”

In recent years Marta Vannucci, an Italian born and now resident in India since 1970 has written a book named, “Ancient Gods and Heroes of East and West, “ and states that the present study is a contrinuation of the search for common Cultural traits, material or behavioral, between people with a common Indo-european ancestry but widely separated geographically – India in the east, Greece and the Hellenic world in the west. This book refers exclusively to Indo-Europeans of east and west. Parallelism of myths and legends, specially of the early stages called the ‘heroic age’ are obvious.

References.

1. David Frawley, Wisdom of the ancient seers (Mantras of the Rigveda) Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi, reprint 1995, pp. 33- 35.

2. P.N. Oak, “ Arya an ideal misconstrued as a Race, “ SOME BLUNDERS OF INIDAN HISTORICAL RESEARCH, Surya Prakashan , Delhi, reprint 1969, pp. 223 – 223.

3. Swami Prakashanand Saraswati, THE TURE HISTORY AND THE RELIGION OF INDIA, Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi, 2001, p. 31 & p. 279.

4. Ibid, 2001, pp. 668 – 669.

5. P.N. Oak, “ Indian Kshatriya Rule from Bali to the Baltic and Korea to Kaba forgotten, “ SOME BLUNDERS OF INDIAN HISTORICAL RESARCH, Surya Praaksahan, Delhi, 1969, pp. 259 – 300.

6. Prof. Amarnath, SOME MISSING CHAPTERS OF WORLD HISTORY, published by itihas shodh Sansthan, Mehrauli, New Delhi, 1973, p. 21, p. 136 & pp. 140 -141.

7. P.N.Oak, “ was Ancient Europe Hindu ? “ M I R R O R, monthly english magazine , ( ed.) Palakunnathu G. Mathai, Bombay, February 1979, PP. 17 -22.

8. Marta Vannucci, Ancient Gods and Heroes of East and West, D.K. Printworld (P.), Ltd., New Delhi, 2007, Vide : Preface.

PICTURES

. 1. Were the Pyramids built by Hindus? This photograph of a statue of the first Pyramid built during the third dynasty of Egypt seems to suggest such a possibility. Note the Vaishnavite caste marks on the forehead and all over the body.

2. A Roman with what may be Vaishnavite caste marks on his forehead.

3. This scene – found painted in ancient Italian houses discovered through arachaeological excavations – is , according to the author, a Ramayanic one. He interprets it as Kausalya, Kaikeyi and Sumitra, wives of the aged King Dasharath, sharing a Divine fertility potion to beget sons.

4. Lord Krishna in his boy hood? This 2nd century A.D mosaic captioned ‘ A Pastoral Scene, ‘ is on display at a museum in Corinth, 60 k.m. from Athens (Greece ). According to the author, the bare body, the horizontal flute and the cross - legged stance under a tree with a few Cows grazing nearby is exactly how Krishna is depicted in Hindu pictures. Is this perhaps proof that Krishna was worshipped in ancient Europe?

CHAPTER – II.

HISTORICITY OF THE REMAIN OF VIKRAMADITYA’S CONSTRUCTION DISCOVERED IN RUSSIA.

According to S.D. Klulkarni, 1 “ As far as can be ascertained from literary records ( the Vedas and the Puranas ) and archaeological discoveries, the Indian Culture has gradually evolved from the Vedic period . -------- The Sarasvati – Sindhu phase, therefore represents the stage of development of the Epic age, as can be seen from the Epic Mahabharata and Ramayana . - ---------- The hard fact that the Vedas are not only the first ever literary records of mankind, but they also represent the first phase of pre or proto history, has also to be recognized. This way alone, the Indian literary records and traditions can be dovetailed into the archaeological discoveries which can be properly interpreted. “

S.D. Kulkarni 2 further states that Shakas are no strangers to Indian historians. We have them mentioned along with many others. In Mahabharata they are mentioned with Yavanas, Kambojas. It is stated that they were originally the kshatriyas following the Vedic tradition. But they became foreigners or ex-communicated from these groups, because they did not happen to be under the influence of the Brahmans.

“ The Kshartriyas namely paundrakas, Ocendras, Dravidas, Kambhojas, Yavanas, Shakas, Paradas, Pahlavas, Chinas, Kiratas, Daradas and Khashas became ex-communicated, for they had not seen the Brahmanas, i.e. they were not following the Vedic rituals as prescribed by the Brahmanas. Particularly they did not observe Upanayana Samskara and consequently training under the Brahamanas in the arts and sciences appropriate to their aptitude and profession.

“ The point to nate is that the Shakas were not nomadic barbarians.They were the followers of the Vedic religion as SATYA

SHRAYA puts it. 3 “ The finds at attai which are now in the Hermitage Museum of Leningrad, “ establishes their advanced Civilization . The sakas were using leather, cotton, silk and woolen fabrics and endless other articles of luxury.

Ramayana ( Balkand 54 – 21, 55 – 53 & 54 ), the oldest historical document notes that Yanavas hailed from yoni –dash or Ionia (Greece ) and Shakas from Shaka-desh or Shakasthan. They appear to be living together as the expression in ( Balakhand 54) of Ramayana indicates.

After the Mahabharata war, Yudhishthira the victor was coronated. Yudhishthira was followed by Parikshita, the grandson of Arjiuna, the pandava hero. Parikshita’s father Abhimanyu was killed in the Mahabharata war. According to S.D. Kulkarni, 5 when all the pandavas, learnt of the death of Krishna, they lost all interest in life. They crowned Parikshita, Abhimanyu’s son, as the king and left for pilgrimage.

Srimad Bhagavatam Purana gives the details of Mafharaja Pariksita and his going out to conquer the World. His Divine Grace A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada 6 explains that the purpose of a king’s going out to conquer the world is not for self – aggrandizement. Maharaja Pariksita went out to conquer the world after his ascendance to the Throne, but this was not for lthe purpose of aggression on other States, He was the Emperor of the World, and all small states were already under his regime. His purpose in going out was to see how things were going on in terms of the Godly state. The king, being the representative of the Lord, has to execute the will of the Lord duly. There is no question of self – aggrandicement . --- In other worlds, Maharaja Pariksita conquered all the world. He conquered all the Continents adjoining all the Seas and oceans in all directions, namely the eastern, Western, northern and southern parts of the World. 7

German Scholar Marcus Schmieke 8 informs, “ Few are aware of Vastu’s previous application in the Western hemisphere, dating back to the famous Roman architect Marcus Vitruvius. The energetic codes known to European geomancy and its modern scientific traditions over the last few hundred years ( viktor Schauberger, Wilhelm Reich, Von Reichenback ) also correspond to Vastu principle. This verities that Vastu principles were applied in Western countries in the past and are therefore just as relevant in the present. According to authoritative sources of Vedic history, Greece and Italy were controlled by King Pariksit from Hastinapur ( now Delhi) 5,000 years ago. Verification of this can be found in the precise Vastu architecture found in the ancient ruins of both these cities. “

This statement also confirms that King pariksit of India had political, cultural and spiritual impact in Europe.

The present Russia occupying the vast, empty expanses of northen Europe and Asia, Russian has remained on the fringes of both continents for most of its history. Few people lived in what is now Russia in ancient period. Vishnu Kant Verma informs that the saka movement in 17th century B.C. forms an important event of the world history that puts an end to some of the traditional Kingdoms and set their foot on the European soil as early as the seventy century B.C., and paved their way for their subjugation of the European countries. From the seventh century B.C. the scyths, were seen moving in the region spread from Kazakhstan in Asia to Ukraune in Europe. Their name appears in Assyrian Documents of 681 to 669 B.C. and Herodotus mentions their being at war with Medes at the end of seventh century B.C. ---- The sakas embarked on a wandering career. It is thus certain that the Sakas left seistan and crossed over to the Russian plain much before the seventh century B.C. , and wandering and struggling to get hold of a prosperous land they jultimately came to cimmeria. It was this that led them to take to the life of nomads aften ascribed as their way of life, but this was an intermittent phase, until they cailed embark upon a new career. The historians should not forget that the Scyths were the would-be-forefathers of the present day Europeans and in them lay hidden a great promise which culminated in the present day European Civilization. Therefore it is wrong to regard the scyths as a mere wandering Tribe. They were indo – Aryans having left India under certain duress.

While dealing on the topic, “ Arabia, Iraq, Iran were once Hindu Countries, “ prof. Amarnath informs that prophet Mohammed belonged to a KURU family, who were hereditary priests at the KABA Shrine, which housed 360 Hindu images. From this information it can be assertained that during Mahabharata war, the Leaders, commanders and chiefs of KURU dyuasty were killed and the Surviving collateral branches of KURU dynasty migrated to Arab country for survival. One of the family of KURU dynasty was that of Prophet Mohammed, who later became hereditary priest of the KABA Shrine, when it was established. For details consult Appendix- II, III, IV and V.

From the informations of these Appendix, it is known that King Vikramaditya of India had build the KABA Shrine at mecca of Saudi Arabia. The historicity of Kind Vikrmaditya was in confusion. At this confusion and trivial period. The research work of his Divinity, Dharm Chakrvarti Swami prakashanand Saraswati, “The True History and the Religion of India (A Consise Encyclopedia of Authentic Hinduism)”, has come as a boon, which as been worked out from ancient Indian Hindu Scriptures. It is the first time in 400 years that such literature has been produced which gives the True vision of authentic Hinduism and details its continuous history of trillions of years with Vikramaditya is known thus :-

(a) “ BHAVISHYA PURAN. Vikram era in 57 B.C. by Vikramaditya the Great as a commemoration of his victory upon the Shaks. There is plentiful literature on Vikramaditya, and in the Bhavishya Puran itself there are descriptions of Vikramaditya in more than 40 chapters between Pratisarg Parv I and IV. He was a descended Divine personality . His Capital was Ujjain where the temple of Mahakaleshwar is famous. Bhavishya Puran (Pratisarh Par I, chapter 7) says that after the elapse of a full 3,000 years in Kaliyug (3102-3000 = 102 B.C.) a dynamic Divine personality was born who was named Vikamaditya. He was very intelligent and loving to his parents. When he was only five years old he went he went into the jungles to worship God. After twelve years, when he came out, god Shiv sent for him a celestial Golden Throne which was decorated with thirty-two Statues. He then came ( to Ujjain), adored Mahakaleshwar and established an elegant Shrine.

“Bhavishya Puran further says that the great King Vikramaditya ruled for one hundred years. Then his son Deobhakt ruled for ten years and his grandson Shalivahan, who established Shalivahan Shak era (in 78 A.D.) defeated the Shaks and ruled for sixth years. Vikramaditya belonged to Pramar dynasty in which there was another very powerful Kind, Bhojraj, who was eleven generations later than Shalivahan. The Pramar dynasty (Which ends with Ganga Singh ) is described in the first Chapter of Pratisarg Parv IV.

“According to the above descriptions Vikramaditya lived for (5 years + 12 years + 100 years) 117 years (102 B.C. -15 A.D.).

“It could be logically guessed that Vikramaditya should have been at least 45 years old when he totally defeated all the Shaks. According to Bhavishya Puran he was born in 3000 Kali era; so he established his VIkram era (3000 +45) 3045 Kali era. Vikram era is 57 B.C. Thus, the beginning of Kaliyug comes to 3045 +57 = 3102 B.C. .

“In the earlier centuries Vikram era or Vikram Samvat was calld Krit Samvat or Malvesh Samvat or Malvesh Samvat. Later on from around 8th century it was called Vikram Samvat. But all the three mean the same thing. Krit means ‘the pious’, as he was the pious King, and Malesh means the King of Malva State (which he was ).

(b) The “Jyotirvidabharnam”, by Kalidas. It tells in its first chapter that Vikram era strted at the elapse of (agni e, amber 0, yug 4 and ved 4 = 3,0,4,4years of Kaliyug. Thus, the 3,045 year of Kaliyug was the beginning of Vikram era which is 57 B.C. Thus the beginning of kaliyug comes to (3045 +57) 3102 B.C.

“Kalidas, the greatest poet, writer and the literary figure of his time, living a pious life and sincerely devoted to his Scholarly work, was one of the nine gems of King Vikram’s Court. Because of his great poetic and literary work he was called ‘Mahakavi’.

“at the end of Jyotirvidabharnam, Mahakavi Kalidas mentions the excat date of his writing and says that in the Kali era 3067 he had started to write this Book. It means, he wrote that Book when, 3,067 years of Kaliyug had passed. That, comes to 35 B.C. (3103 – 3067 = 35 ), which is after the beginning of Vikram era.

“Thus Vikramaditya was born in 102 B.C. (3102 -3000 ), established his ‘era’ in 57 B.c. and left this earth planet in 15 A.D. .

13

VIKRAMADITYA (102 A.D. -15 A.D.) .

“His brief life history describing the date of birth and his reigning period etc., as stated in the Bhavishya Puran. A further detail of the Kings of Pramar dynast to King Bhojraj as given in the Bhavishya Puran (Pratisarg Parv IV, Chapter One ) is as thus :-

Vikramaditya son of Gandharv Sen reigned up to 15 A.D.

His son Deobhakt reigned for 10 years (15 -25 )

Shalihotra reigned for 60 year ( 25- 85)

Shalihotra reigned for 50 years ( 85 – 135)

Shalivardhan

Shakhanta

Suhotra

Havirhotra

Indrapal Reigned for 450 years (135 -585 ) approximate .

Malyavan

Shambhudatt

Bhaumraj

Vatsaraj

Bhojraj Reigned for 50 years (585 – 635 A.D. )

“Vikramaditya was not only the king of Malva whose Capital was Ujjain. He was the Emperor of Indiawho was respected by all. After the downfall of Gupt dynasty of Magadh, its kingship went under the subordination of Vikramaditya who ruled all the States of north India that included Magadh as well as Hastinapur.

“Kalidas, the most celebrated poet and writer in the history of Sanskrit literature and a devotee of Goddess Kali, tells the greatness of Vikramaditya in the 20th Chapter of ‘Jyotividabharnam’, and says, ‘Dhanvantari, Chapnak, Amar Singh, Shanku, Vaitablbhatt, Ghatkharpar, Kalidas, Varahmihir and varruchi were the nine gems in the Court of King Vikramaditya whose greatness was so great that victory touched his feet as he moved, and the glory glorified his unequalled Sovereignty that had no compare in the whole World’. That was Vikramaditya whose greatness was sung all over by all.

“There is also an extensive description of the generosity, Kindness and the greatness of Vikramaditya in the Rajtarangini of kalhan in its third tarang. “ Thre ruled in Ujjain a great Emperor Vikramaditya who was, in fact, the unquestioned Monarch of the entire Bharatvarsh who had descended in the world to remove that aliens and to destroy the shaks who were corrupting our Culture. Prosperity prevailed in his Kingdom. Goddess Laxmi graced his by all means and multiplied his virtues. His name and fame reached far and wide and people travelled to Ujjain to see his generosity. During this time a poet Matrigupt also came and Joined his Court. Vikramaditya’s perception was Divine and his intelligence was great. The wise and needy, whoever came to his court, didn’t have to wait for long to receive the reward for their visit. He greeted and gratified everyone according to their merits. ---- “ That was Vikramaditya who was indisputably loved by his Subjects.

“ Rajtarangini (3/124) says that King Hiranya of Kashmir died childless. It created in the state. Then Vikramaditya sent a very honest person who could become the king of Kashmir, and that was Matrigupt. Kalhan says, “ Having received the instructions of their beloved Lord ( Vikramaditya ), the Ministers of the Royal Court felt blessed and carefully read the letter that Matrigupt had brought with him. “ These words , Which express the true reverence of their heart for Vikramaditya, reveal this Truth of how much he was loved and respected by the people of India. There is also an account of his visit to Nepal during the reaign of King Anshuverman of Thakuri dynasty. Thus, according to Kalidas, the greatness of Vikramaditya was much greater than a person could imagine. “

SHALIVAHAN.

“ He ruled for 60 years between 25 and 85 A.D. He estabnlished his era in 78 A.D. It is called the Shalivahan Shak era. Bhavishya Puran says, “ After the death of Vikramaditya a political disorder prevailed and at least eighteen Kingdoms were established in india. After sometime, the grandson of Vikramaditya, Shalivahan, succeeded the Kingdom of his father and, with his valor and dauntless bravery, he removed the shaks from the land of Bharatvarsh who were again settling in our country and drove all the non – Aryans beyond the river Sindhu. “

“ In commemoration of his total victory upon the shaks and other non – Aryan Kings and Tribal Chiefs, 78 A.D. was proclaimed as the shalivahan Shak era; and since then it has been glorifying the dates of our historic records along with the Vikram era, whereas the Vikram era remained more popular. “

In recent years archaeological discoveries showing India’s contacts are found inmost parts of the world. In Russia a Farmer name Dijualin Kripalinia , while crossing and scraping in the Ice field, suddenly came across few Slabs of Stones. He informed the University of Edinburg, Indology department. Anastasia Kulmandrou, a student of Indology department in the same University, supplied the information to the author, through Website. Accordingly, the author had moved to New York University. Being sponsored by New York University, the author had visited Russia on 7th August 2010 and had consultations with the Vice Chancellor Miss Kyile simionus of University of Edinburg, to take up study of new finding.

At a distance of three kilometers to the north-west of Edinburg, on the snowy mountain, there is a flat crop of rocky mountain , where ruin of an open-air Square temple with 350 Images on its niches are found. It is mostly covered by Snow. The author’s field guide Jitamitera Prasad Singh Deo of Khariar, is of opinion that this newly discovered oen –air Squre temple with 350 Gods and Godesses is a replica of the open-air Square temple KABA at Mecca. Prophet Mohammad had broken most of the images of KABA, but the newly discovered Open-square temple of Russia, near Edinburg, is a vast bigger sized construction intact.

References

1. S.D. Kulkarni, (Chief editor ) , Bhishma’s Study of Indian History and Culture, Vol. I, Beginnings of Life, Culture and History, Shri Bhagavan Vedavyasa Itihasa Samshodhana Mandira, ( BISHMA ) , Thane, Bombay, reprint 1997, p. 473.

2. Ibid., Vol. IV, Glorious Epoch, Bombay, 1994, p. 267.

3. Ibid., Satya – Shraya – The Sakas in India, pranava Prakashan, I – 28, Punjabi Bagh – New Delhi – 110026, 1981, p. 120.

4. Ibid., p. 110.

5. S.D. Kulkarni (ed.) Bhishma’s study of History and culture of India, Vol. III, The Epics Ramayana and Mahabharata, op. cit. Thane, Bombay, 1992, P. 309.

6. His Divine Grace A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, SRIMAD BHAGAVATAM (First conto) , The Bhaktivedanta Book Trust, 4th Indian printing, Bombay, 1998, P. 900.

7. Ibid., 1998, P. 912.

8. Marcus Schmieke, VASTU THE ORIGIN OF FENG SHUT, New age Books, New Delhi, 2003, PP. 12 – 13.

9. The Darling Kindersley Illustrated Family Encyclopedia, 2005, Darling Kindersley Limited, London, ( A Penguin Company ) , PP. 723 – 733.

10. Vishnu Kant Verma, MISSING LINK OF WORLD CIVILIZATION :

INDO - ARYAN COLONIZATION, Pratibha Prakashan, Delhi, 2005, P. 303 and p. 311.

11. Prof. Amarnath, “ Arabia, Iraq, Iran were once Hindu countries,” SOME MISSING CHAPTERS OF WORLD HISTORY, Itihas Shodh Sansthan, New Delhi, 1973, PP. 219 – 224, Vide : P. 221.

12. Swami Prakashanand Saraswati, THE TRUE HISTORY AND THE RELIGION OF INDIA, Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi, 2001, PP. 484 – 486 and PP. 494-496.

13. Ibid., 2001 , PP. 494 – 496.

CHAPTER – III

OPEN AIR SQUARE TEMPLE DISCOVERED IN RUSSIA

On 7th August 2010, the Staff of Edinburg University guided the author to the newly discovered Open Air Square temple site, situated at a distance of three kilometers to the north-west of Edinburg, in Russia.

This Open Air Square temple is situated on mountain top, has its main gate opening at the north direction and an open space to the west. The author was informed by Edinburg University authorities that niches on the inner Walls of this Open Air Square temple has 350 Images of Gods and Goddesses. There was Wire brocade with Guards and entry was not allowed. It is informed by Edinburg University Staff that there is a huge Solid Stone Block, at the Centre, which is locked in ancient style architectural design. Most probably this Solid Stone enshrines the Presiding Deity of this Open Air Square Temple.

The theme of all the Prime Scriptures that form the body of Sanatana Dharm alias Vedic or Hindu religion are the Vedas Upvedas and Vedangas. The Shulb Sutra details related to the shape, size and the depth of the altar of the Yagyan. There were 1,180 brances of Shulb Sutra with their own specification.

India has a long narration of its Architecture which may be grouped as (1) Pre-Vedic Architecture, (2) Vedic Architecture (3) Architecture of the Past Vedic Age, (4) Architecture as described by Panini, (5) Architecture of Epic Age, (6) Architecture as mentioned by Visva Karma, (7) Architecture as described or stated by Maya, Puranas, Agama and Tantric literatures, Kautilya’s Arthasastra and Varahamihira, (8) Architecture as described by Bharata, Bhatta Lollita, Bhatta Nayaka and Abhinavagupta, and (9) Architectures as described in Silpa Sastras.

2 At this juncture, the study of American Scholar Michael W. Meister comes to help, when he states, “The Square grid of the Vastumandala reflected Vedic Cosmology, which saw the World as Square, and in its construction could be related to the actual piling of bricks for the altar. 3 Geometry of a different sort, however, had been used since ancient times to locate a Square from which the grid was made. The SULBA SUTRAS describe methods for taking a rope and stake to locate corners for a required Square. By use of a gnomon located at 0, an east-west line could be determined and given whatever length was desired for the plan. Circles drawn from the east-west points of this line locate a perpendicular north-south axis bisecting East-West. A circle from 0 with E.W. as diameter located north and south points. Circles, with the same radius, drawn from the four cardinal points (N.S.E.W.) locate the corners of a final square. The rope itself, folded, could then be used to produce a grid of eight by eight squares.” 4

(Construction of a Square using gnomon and cord as described in the SULBA SUTRAS.)

(Vastupurushamandala, 8X8= 64 Squares)

Basing on the principal of ‘SULBA SUTRAS,’it seems Square Open Air Temples were build at KABA at Mecca in Saudi Arabia and Edinburg region of Russia, during the reigning period of Kind Vikramaditya, belonging to Pramar dynasty, during 1st century B.C. .

Recently in 2010 A.D., plinth of a Square temple has been discovered in Hawai in Island. 5

This discussion proves that the disciples of Vedic Rishies had migrated throughout the World, through land routes and Sea routes, and had Civilised the Ancient World.

References.

1. Swami Prakashanand Saraswati, THE TRUE HISTORY AND THE RELIGION OF INDIA, Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi, 2001, P. 549.

2. Michael W.Meister, “Mundesvar, Ambiguity and Certainty in the analysis of a Temple plan”, KALADARSANA, (American Studies in the Art of India), ed. Joanna G. Williams, Offord & I.B.H. Publishing Co., New Delhi, 1981, p. 83.

3. ibid., 1981, C.P.S. Dhatta, Early Astronomy and Cosmology, London, 1932, Apte”, Constructive Geometry, “ P. 14; See quotation from SULBA SUTRAS in in note 10.

4. ibid., 1981 B. Dhatta, The Science of Sulba, Calcutta, 1932, A.K. Bag, “The knowledge of Geometical Figures, Instruments and Unitsx in the Sulbasutras, “EAST AND WEST, XXI (1972), 111-119 : D.M. Bose, S.N. Sen, B.V. Subbrayappa, (eds.) A Concise Histoiry of Science in India, New Delhi, 1971.

5. Internet wavesite information from New York University and Vedic Scholar David Frawley, whose Hindu name in Vamadeva Shastri.

Appendix - I

CHRONOLOGY OF THE HISTORY O FINDIA SINCE ITS ORIGINATION.

His Divinity Dharm Chakravati

Swami Prakashanand Saraswati.

( Source : His Divinity Dharm Chakvarti Swami Prakashanand Saraswati,

THE TRUE HISTORY AND THE RELIGION OF INDIA, Motilal Banarasidass publishers, Delhi,

2001, pp. 500 – 503. )

Period. Description.

( Trillion years ago )

155.521972

( 155.521971961600

In 1998 Birth of Brahama, the first kalp called the Brahm Kalp. Brahma meditates and conveives all the Vedas and Puranas with the Grace of Krishn. His homage to Krishn at that time is called the Brahm Sanhita.

155.513332 The second kalp. Brahma creates the brahmand, produces the first ten Rishis. Devas and asuras ( Gods and demons ) are created. They are called the celestial Gods and demons. The main abodes of the Gods are : bhu, bhuv, swah ( the abode of God Indra ), mah, janm tap and satya ( the abode of Brahma ). The general term for the abode of the demons is patal lok which is below the celestial abodes of Gods and near bhu lok. All these abodes are in a separate space and dimension. Later on the ozone layer is formed on the earth planet. Brahma produces Swayambhuva Manu and Satroops, the Rishis on the earth planet, conceive the Vedas and Puranas; and gradually the human civilization develops. (There are 14 Manvantara in a kalp and in every kalp similar Divine historical events happen. Up till now 18,000 kalps have already elapsed. One kalp along with Brahma’s night is 8,640 million years)

(million years ag) (the existing kalp)

1971.961600

(as in 1998) Beginning of the existing day (kalp) of Brahma and first manvantar of Swayambhuva Manu and Shatroopa. Swayambhuva Manu had two sons and three daughters. Bhakt Dhruv was from his seond son Uttampad, Bhagwan Kapil was from his daughter Deohooti and Bhakt Prahlad was in the family succession of his first son, Priyavrat.

1663.3902 Beginning of the secong Manvantar of Swarochish Manu.

1354.8188 Beginning of the third Manvantar of Uttam Manu.

1046.2474 Beginning of the fourth Manvantar of Tamas Manu.

737.676 Beginning of the fifth Manvantar o Raivat Manu.

429.1045 Beginning of the sixth Manvantar of Chakchush Manu.

120.5331 Beginning o f the seventh Manvantar of Vaivaswat Manu.

120.5331* Beginning of the existing (seventh) Manvantar of Vaivaswat Manu who had ten sons and one daughter. Surya Vansh starts from his elder son Ikchvaku and Chandra Vansh starts from his daughter Ela. Bhakt Ambarish was in the 3rd generation of his son Nabhag.

57.024 Emperor Mandhata’s rule in Bharatvarsh.

39.744 Descension of Parashuram.

18.144 Descension of Bhagwan Ram.

(B/C.) (From 3228 B.C. onward).

3228 Descension of Bhagwas Krishn.

3139 The Mahabharat War (lasted for 18 days).

Beginning of Brihadrath dynasty of Magadh, and Yudhishthir dynasty of Hastinapur.

(Brihadrath dynasty starts with marjari so it is also called the dynasty of Marjari family ).

3102 Ascension of Bhagwan Krishn and the beginning of Kaliyug.

2139 End of Brihadrath dynasty (21 Kings for 1,000 years).

2139-2001 Pradyot dynasty (5 Kings for 138 years).

2001-1641 Shishunag dynasty (10 Kings for 360 years)

1894-1814 Gautam Buddha

1641-1541 Nandas (Mahapadma Nand and his 8 sons for 100 years).

1541-1241 Maurya dynasty (10 Kings for about 300 years)

1541-1507 Chandragupt Maurya (34 years).

1507-14 Bindhusar (28years)

Ashokvardhan (36 years)

Shung and Kanua dynasty (14 Kings for 457 years)

Andhra dynasty (30 Kings for 456 years).

Jagadguru Shankaracharya.

Gupt dynasty (7 Kings for 245 years).

(Chandragupt Vijayaditya, 328-321 B.C. and Alexander’s invasion was 326 BC)

(Samudragupt Ashokaditya Priyadarshin, or Ashok the Great, 321-270 B.C.)

102-15 A.D. Vikramaditya, established the Vikram era in 57 B.C.

(A.D.) 25-85 Shalivahan (ruled for 60 years), established Shalivahan Shak era in 78 A.D.

85-1192 There were several kingdoms of Rajpoot Kinds all over India. They ruled for 1,107 years.

1192-1757 In 1192, Mohammad Gori invaded Delhi (Hastinapur) the second time, defeated and killed Prithiviraj Chauhan, and became the King. Since then several dyanasties of Muslims ruled India or 190 years.

1947 In 1947, India got Independence.

The Puranas mention more than 50 important personalities of Surya Vansh who were between Ikchvaku and Bhagwan Ram in 102 million years.

According to the “SURYA SIDDHANT,” the astrologers have calculated that Kaliyug started on the afternoon of 17th February, 3102 B.C. . In the Bhagwatam, Brahma tells in round figures that Krishn remained on this earth planet foe 125 years, (11/6/25). Accordingly, if you add 125 years to Februrary, 3102, it comes to February 3227 B.C. But Krishn’s descension was in the Rohini nakchatra (asterism) of the 8th waning moon midnight of bhodon (August) which is about seven months earlier. Thus, his descension date is 3228 B.C. and he stayed on the earth planet for 125 years and about 7 months.

Appendix – II.

ARABIA, IRAQ , IRAN WERE ONCE HINDU CONTRIES.

_ Prof . Amarnath.

( Source : prof , Amarnath, “ Arabia, Iraq, Iran were once Hindu Countries, “ SOME MISSING CHAPTERS OF WORLD HISTORY, itihas shodh Sansthan, New Delhi, 1973, pp. 219.-224. )

Indian history has not only been badly distorted during 1,200 years of alien rule, it has also been grievously maimed. Many important chapters of India’s Cultural, Religious and Military conquests are completely missing.

The references to ‘ Digvijayas. ‘ in Indian Puranas ( ancient histories ) are too true and must no longer be ignored as pious myths because some evidence is now available that Arabia, Iraq and Iran along with the whole of West Asia once professed Hinduism and echoed to the chant of the Vedas.

Bardic tribute to the four Vedas by an Arab poet – Labi – bin-e-Akhtab-bin-bin-e-Turfa as early as 2300 years before prophet Mohammad i.e. Circa. 1800 B.C. is found on page 257 of Saer-ul-Okul an anthology of ancient Arabic verse. That Verse with a short note on the poet has been writ large on a column of the Yajnyashala Temple ( Fire worship pavilion ) in the backyard of the Lakshminarayan Temple ( alias Birla Temple ) on Reading road in New Delhi, for anyone to see.

A Arabic poem transcribed in the Roman script is as under : -

Aya muwarekalaraj Yushaiya noha minar HIND – e

We aradakallaha manyonijail Jikaratun / 1/

Wahalatjjali yatun ainana sahabi akha – atun jikra

Wahajayhi yonajjelur – rasul mind HINDATUN / 2 /

Yakuluonallaba ya ahalal araj alameen kullahum

Fattabe-u jikaratul VEDA hukkum malam Yonajjaylatun /3 /

Wahowa Alamas SAM wal YAJUR minallahay tanajeelan

Fa-e-noma-Yaakhiyo muttabay-an yobasshoriyonajatun /4 /

Wa-isa-nain huma RIG – ATHAR nasayhin ka-a-khuwatun

We asanat ala-udan wahowa masha-o- ratun /5/

This was one of the most prize and valued poems in pre-islamic Arabia. Such poems, inscribed in letters of Gold, were hung inside the kaba shrine housing 360 Hindu Deities.

A free English rendering of Labi’s celebrated poem singling the praises of the Vedas is as follow :-

Oh the Divine land of Bharat (how) very blessed art Thou.

1. Because Thou art the chosen God blessed with Divine knowledge enough; that knowledge which like four light-houses shone with such brilliance.

2. Through the (utterances of ) Indian Sages in four-fold abundance God enjoins on all humans to follow unhesitatingly.

3. The kpath the Vedas with His Divine precept lay down. Bursting with ( Divine ) knowledge are SAM and YAJUR bestowed on Creation.

4. Hence brothers respect and follow the Vedas guides to Salvation.

Two others – the RIG and ATHAR teach us fraternity.

5. Sheltering under their luster dispels darkness till eternity.

Incidentally Labi’s assertion that the Arabs were initiated by a study of the Vedas in Indian doctrine of human fraternity proves that the Islamic pioneering claim to preaching brotherhood is incorrect.

In addition to the ancient Arabs following the Vedic tradition we find other evidence of their following the Hindu way of life.

The word Mecca is derived from the Sanskrit word ‘ Makha, ‘ meaning’ Yajna, ‘ i.e. a sacred sacrificial fire. Madina is the corrupt form of Medini – meaning land. The twin townships of Mecca-Madina therefore mean “ The land of Sacrifice i.e. Fire worship. “ And True to this description we find accounts of vedic animal sacrifice having been in vogue in Arabia during prophet Mohammad’s times. A reference to them is found in the earliest compilation of the prophet’s anecdotes and memories complied by Ibn Ishaq.

Prophet Mohammed belonged to a kuru family who were hereditary Priests at the Kaba shrine which housed 360 Hindu images. Encyclopaedia Islamia mentions that among them were Images of Lat, Manat, Uzza, Saturn and Moon. That the world Lat is a Hindu sacred name may be Judged ferom the fact that the author of an ancient Hindu astronomical treatise is Lat-Dev. Navagraha puja i.e. nine planet worship still in vogue in India includes Saturn and the Moon. The reference to Saturn and the moon among the 360 images in Kaba shows that nine planet worship was also practiced in the Kaba.

Encyclopaedias Islamia and Britannica curiously confess ignorance of the origin of the term Kaba through Kaba is claimed in popular, uniformaed belief to be an Islamic Shrine. Had it been an original Islamic Shrine its root should have been known. But Kaba derives from a Sanskrit word and Arabia having been cut off from Sanskrit learning for centuries the derivation of the word Kaba remains unknown to those who look for it elsewhere.

In Sanskrit ‘ Garbha Graha, ‘ signifies the inneromost Sancturay where an Idol is installed. Abbraviated and slightly changed in pronounciation this word similarly became ‘ KABA. ‘

Allah was one of the Idols worshipped in the Kaba temple. In Sanskrit Allah means a ‘ Mother. ‘ or ‘ Goddess. ‘ India has an Allopanishad and Alladistotra ( i.e. a chant in praise of the Goddess ).

There is also considerable other evidence but now let us turn to Iran and Iraq. Both of those worlds derive from the Sanskrit root ‘ Ira, ‘ meaning water. In Sanskrit the term ‘ Iranam, ‘ means a Salty, barren ground. The term ‘Iran, ‘ was therefore, the name given to that region by Sanskrit – speaking Indian Kshatriyas when they ruled over that land-mass.

Till very recently Iraq was ruled by the Barmak family. Barmak is a corrupt from of the Sanskrit word a corrupt form of the Sanskrit word Paramak. That was the title of the head of the Hindu religious-cum-=cultural centre in Balkh. Balkh is a corrupt form of the Samnskrit name Valhika. Ancient Indian Scriptures ‘ epics and the puranas refer to the Valhika country ruled by Indian Kshatriyas. That some Valhika later come to be known as Balkh in mediaeval history. In that Balkh region is a village which is still known as Nav Bahar. That name derives from NBava Vihara i.e. a new (Cultural cum Religious ) Centre. It was the learned Indian head of that centre who was known s paramak. Due to repeated attacks by Islamic armies he was compelled to became a Muslim. But even after becoming a Muslim Vonvert he maintained his links with India for several centuries by sending Iraqis to India for education and inviting Indian administrators and doctors to man the entire administrative machinery of Iraq. This piece of information is found in the preface by the German Scholar Dr. Edwarde D. Sachau to his book “ Albiruni’s India.”

A part of Ireq is called kurdisthan. That is a Sanskrit name. The kurdia language and customs still bear unmistakable traces and stamp of their Sanskrit and Indian origin.

Baghdad still has a fire temple. Repeatedly demolished by invading Islamic forces, its present building may be comparatively recent yet the origin of the temple may be traced back to immemorial antiquity when Indian Fire worship used to be observed all over West Asia to the chant of Vedic hymns. Like Somnath the Baghdad Fire Temple was built over and over again by believers after every demolition in Islamic invasions.

The Iranian monarchy is an ancient Hindu institution tracing its origin like all Kshatriyas to the Sun or the Fire. Even the present ruling house of the pehlavees got its name from an Indian Kshatriya clan.The name Pehlavee is found in the Ramayana in the story of Vishwamitra wanting to drive away Vashishtha’s cow by force. In her distree the Celestial Cow moans for succor and the first Kashatriya Clan that emerged out of her body was the pelavee. That name is also found in the Mahabharata. Their emblem – the Lion and the rising sun is also Indian, in as much as the sameemblem is found engraved inside the so-called tomb of Tamerlain in Samarkand and is referred to by its Sanskrit name SOOR – SADUL – i.e. SOORYA – SHARDUL. The name is so alien to modern Islamic tradition that the Russian Guides who tell the visitors that the drawing is known as SOOR – SADUL confess their ignorance of its meaning. But to an Indian the meaning in clear.

History also records that during the early Islamic invasions the Iranian Royal family and the people were thinking of evacuating to Indian for safety. The people known as the parsees – actually come away to India. The Royal family could not. Their plumping for India of all countries shows that they regarded themselves as belonging to the Indian Cultural and Religious fold, chanters of Vedic hymns, worshippers of the Fire and Hindu Gods and observrs of Hindu rituals.

All this evidence is clear proof that the Pauranic references to Digvijayas – i.e. world wide conquests of Indian Kshatriyuas are no mythis but real history. Unfortunately those Chapters of Indian conquests in west Asia have been missing and are consequently completely forgotten. They ought to find their place in current historical texts.

One other very important clue is provided by the recurrence of the Sanskrit suffix ‘ Sthan, ‘ to designate west Asian regions. Thus we have Afghanisthan, Baluchisthan, Pakhtoonisthan, Kafiristhan, Gharuchisthan, Zabulisthan, Kurdisthan, Turkasthan ( modern Turkey ), Arvasthan (modern Arabia ) and a host of other ‘ Sthans. ‘ In addition we have already observed that Iran, Balkh and Iraq are Sanskrit names. Similarly Oxus river and Oxania derive from the ancient Sanskrit name of the region ‘ Ashwak. ‘

In order to Judge the strength of this evidence of Indian rule over those regions we may take a contemporary instance. In our own times we find world like Greenland , Iceland , England , Basutrland , Duchanaland , Samaliland – given to different regions. These names have struck root in history because the English speaking people ruled a large part of the world. If, say, 5,000 years hence, when other historical clues became indistinct or are lost, the recurrence and prevalence of the term ‘ Land , ‘ could justifiably enable a future historian to conclude that the English race ruled a large part of the world. Similarly the prevalence and recurrence of the word ‘ Sthan, ‘ should lead to the conclusion that Sanskrit – speaking people ruled over those regions.

APPENDIX – III

ORIGIN OF ‘ALLAH’, AS HINDU GOD AND KABA AS HINDU TEMPLE FORGOTTEN.

- P.N. Oak

(Source : P.N. Oak, “Origin of ‘Allah’, as Hindu God and Kaba as Hindu Temple Forgotten”, SOME BLNDERS OF INDIAN HISTORICAL RESEARCH, Surya Prakashan, Nai Sarak, Delhi -6, 1st Reprint, September 1969, pp. 243 – 258.)

One of the greatest tragedies of Indian historical research having a bearing on World history, is that the sway that Indian Kshatriyas once held all over West Asia has been clean forgotten.

Almost all traces of that sway got obliterated in the destructive fury that seized that part of the World soon after the founding of Islam.

That, destructive fury, with its epicenter in Arabia, spreading in a chain of shock-waves soon engulfed the whole of West Asia including Afghanistan. All Countries suffused by it were made to breakaway completely from their past.

Encyclopaedias Islamia and Britannica tell us that Arabia itself obliterated all its past history by destroying Images and records. We are now told that the 2,500 year history of Arabia before the founding of Islam has been ironically written off as an “age of ignorance”, though it was in act the “Wise”, successors to that age who chose to remain ignorant by a deliberate break-away from the past.

There are many clues still which if pieced together convince us of that sway. One is the naming of different Countries as “Sthan”, Just as in modern times we had the British empire spread over a large part of the World which resulted in different regions being named as Greenland, Iceland, Basutoland, Nagaland similarly the words Gharichisthan, Zabulisthan, Afghanisthan, Baluchisthan, Turkasthan, Arvasthan, Khudisthan should convince us that Sanskrit speaking Indian Kshatriyas once ruled over those regions.

There is also another piece of evidence. Albiruni and other ancient Chroniclers have recorded that Buddhism prevailed over those regions. They are not very correct. From the Buddha statues noticed in those regions by Albiruni and others it would be wrong to assert that those regions followed Buddhism. We have a contemporary parallel. In our own times when Mahatma Gandi commanded Universal respect his Statues were set up at Various places. That does not indicate that people forsook Hinduism and took to Gandhism. Similarly the existence of Buddha statues in west Asia, therefore, prove Hinduism was the faith followed by all West Asian people whose descendants now profess Islam.

Some footnotes in the book titled, ‘SULTAN MAHMUD OF GHAZNIN’, WRITTEN BY Prof. Mohammad Habib of Aligarh Muslim University has some relevant information. On page 14 he says, “Some time before the Christian era the Turkishahi (Kushan) dynasty of Scythian Turks founded by Barhatigin began a career o conquest. Under its greatest monarch Kanishka, a large part of northern India, Afghanisthan, Turkasthan and Mawaraun Nahr was included in the Kushan empire. The Turks were quickly assimilated by Indian Civilisation ….. Albiruni states that the dynasty included no less than 60 Kings the last o whom legaturman was deposed by his Brahman Wazir, Kallur…. The pedigree of the Kings written on silk was preserved in the Fortress of Nagarkot but Albiruni says he was unable to see it.”

A number of very important conclusions flow from the above information. Firstly it tell us that “Turks and assimilated Indian Civilisation”, i.e. they professed Hinuism. This conclusion is further

1. Published by S. Chand & co., Delhi, 1951

Reinforced by the fact that they had Brahman Wazires as all Indian Kshatriya rulers in India had. Thirdly the charge that ancient Indians had no archives and wrote no history is proved baseless by the reference to the silk scroll of kings preserved in Nagarkot fort. India had voluminous historical records since every Indian ruler had by tradition and custom to spend a couple of hours every day listening to the history of his ancestors read by his Brahmin Counsellors. Thanks to Muslim invasions and rule over west Asia and India for a millennium , Voluminous Indian records of the sway that Indian Kshatriyas held over those lands have been almost completely obliterated.

In that clean sweep and breakaway from the past the ancient Indian scripts and literature in vogue in countries like Turkey and Arabia have also been completely forgotten. Many would now express surprise if told that before the current Arabic script Arabs used to write in an Indian script and that ancient Turks too had an Indian Script and maintained records in Sanskrit.

Turkish, Arabian and Persian names corrupted through centuries of malpronounciation might appear far removed from Sanskrit but nevertheless their origin is Sanskrit. An illustration of this may be found in the names Legatureman and his Brahmin Wazir Kallur appearing above.

In a footnote on page 13 of his book, prof. Habib gives the dates for Samanid King : Abdul Malik bin Nuh ( 343 – 350 ), Mansur bin Nuh (350-365), Nuh Bin Mansur ( 365-387 ). It should be remembered that the Samanids had a big empire in West Asia. Early Arab chronicles which record the invasions of Mohammad Kasim and others against India refer to Indians as Turks and Samanis. That shows that the Turks and Samanis were Hindus. The samanaid empire was therefore that of Indian Kshatriyas.

The world’ Nuh,’ quoted above is also a Hindu word. It is the abbreviation of ‘ Manu.’ That is why ‘Nuh,’ is associated with the

Legendary ‘ Flood, ‘ in West Asia as has been the name of Manu in Indian tradition.

Manu as the law giver and the originator of every new Civilization is held in the highest respect in Indian tradition. His name was therefore, associated with Indian royalty among the Ruler’s many Titles. The Samanida being Hinduism we find the word ‘Nluh,’ among them.

Another proof of Hinduism having been the faith of ancient Arabia is found in the fact that a very large part of Islamic religious terminology is still Sanskrit.

‘ Allah,’ is itself a Sanskrit word for ‘Mother’ or ‘Goddess.’ Muslim tradition is likewise unable to explain the origin of the word ‘ KABA ‘ which they claim to be their central Shrine. That is because KABA was a Hindu temple. The extant Kaba was surrounded by a huge Shrine consisting of 360 Hindu images. One of them was known as Allah (Goddess). Another (as mentioned in encyclopaedias ) was known as ‘ Lat.’ The name of the author of an ancient Indian astronomical work is ‘ Lat- Dev.’ There is evidence to show what the kaba and in fact the huge destroyed Shrine housing the 360 Deities was built by the Indian King Vikramaditya of India who founded a new era in 57 B.C.

In our attempt to reconstruct the story of pre-Islamic Arabia we begin with the name of the country itself. The name is fully Sanskrit. Arva in Sanskrit means a horse. Therefore, Arvasthan is the Land of Horses. Its central pilgrim centre, Mecca is also a Sanskrit name. Makha in Sanskrit signifies a sacrificial Fire. Since Vaidik Fire-worship was prevalent all over west Asia in pre-Islamic days. Makha signifies the place which had an important Fire temple. Mecca-Medina is Makha – Medini the region Fire worship.

Coinciding with the annual pilgrimage a huge Bazar used to spring up in Makha i.e. Mecca since times immemorial. The Annual pilgrimage of Muslims to Mecca is not at all an innovation but a continuation of the ancient pilgrimage. This fact is mentioned in Encyclopaedias.

Evidence is now available that the whole of Arabia was part of the Great Indian King Vikramaditya’s vast empire. The extent of Vikramaditya’s empire is one of the main reasons for his worldwide fame. Incidentally this also explains many intriguing features about Arabia. It could be that Vikramaditya himself had this peninsula named Avrasthan if he was the first Indian monarch to captures it and bring it under his sway.

The second intriguing aspect is the existence of a Shivalinga or the Mahadeva emblem in the Kaba shrine in Mecca, Known as SUNGAY ASWAD, i.e. Black stone.

Before going to further details about the ancient Vaidik rituals and names still clinging to Muslim worship at Mecca we shall see what evidence we have about Arabia having formed part of Vikramaditya’s dominions.

In instanbul in Turkey, is a famous Library called Makhtab-e-Sultania which is reputed to have the largest collection of ancient West Asian literature. In the Arabic poetry. That anthology was compiled from an earlier work, in 1742 A.D. under the order of the Turkush ruler sultan Salim.

The ‘Pages, ‘ or that Volume are made of Hareer – a kind of Silk used for writing on. Each page has a decorative guided border. It may be recalled that gilding pages of sacred books is an ancient custom associated with old Sanskrit Scriptures found in Java and other places.

The anthology itself is known as SAYAR – UL – OKUL. It is devided into three parts. The first part contains biographic details and the poetic compositions of pre-Islamic Arabian poets. The second part embodies accounts and verses of poets of the period beginning just after prophet Mohammed upto the end of the Banee-Ummaya dynasty. The third part deals with later poets upto the end of Khalifa Harun-al-Rashid’s times. Incidentally ‘ Banee ‘ mening ‘ Vanee ‘ and Ummaya as in Krishnayya aare Sanskrit names.

Abu Amir Abdul Asamai, a distinguished Arabian bard who was the post Laureate of Harun – al – Rashid’s court has compiled and edited the anthology.

The first modern edition of Sayar-ul –Okul anthology was printed and published in Berlin in 1864 A.D. subsequent edition was published in Beirut in 1932 A.D. This work is regarded as the most important and authoritative anthology of ancient Arabic poetry. It throws considerable light on the social life, customs, manners and entertainment forms in ancient Arabia. The Book also contains an elaborate description of the ancient Mecca Shrine, the town and the annual fair known as OKAJ which used to be held there every year. This should convince readers that the annual Haj of the Muslims to the KABA is only a continuation of the old Fair and not a new practice.

But the OKAJ fair was far from a carnival. It provided a forum for the elite and learned to discuss the social, Religious, Political, Literary and other aspects of the Vaidik Culture them pervading Arabia, SAYAR – UL – OKUL asserts that the conclusions reached at those discussions were widely respected throughout Arabia. Mecca, therefore, followed the Varanasi tradition of providing a Seat for important discussions among the learned while the masses congregated there for spiritual Bliss. The principal shrines at both Varanasi in India and at Mecca in Arvasthan were Shiva Temples. Even to this day the central object of veneration at both Mecca and Varanasi continues to be the ancient Mahadeva emblem. It is the Shankara stone which Muslim pilgrims reverently touch and kiss in the Kaba.

A few miles away from Meca is a big signboard which bars entry to any non – Muslim in the area. This is a reminder of the days when

The shrine was stormed and captured solely for the newly established faith of Islam. The object obviously was to prevent its recapture.

As the pilgrim proceeds towards Macca he is asked to shave his head and beard and to don a special sacred attire. This consists of two seamless sheets of white cloth. One is to be worn round the and the other over the shoulders. Both these rites are remnants of the old Vaidik practice of entering Hindu Shrines clean shaven and with holy seamless, spotless white sheets.

The main Shrine in Macca which houses the Shiva emblem is known as the KABA. It is clothed in a black shroud. This custom could also originate from the days when it was thought necessary to discourage its recapture through camouflage.

According to encyclopaedias Britannica and Islamia the kaba had 360 Images. Traditional accounts mention that one of the Deities among the 360 destroyed, when the Shrine was stormed was that of Saturn, another was of the Moon and yet another was one called Allah. In India the practice of Navagraha puja that is worship of the nine planets is still in vogue. Two of these nine are the Saturn and the Moon. Besides, the moon is always associated with Lord Shankara. A crescent is always painted across the forehead of shive emblem. Since the presiding Deity at the Kaba Shrine was Lord Shankara. A crescent is always painted across the forehead of Shiva emblem. Since the presiding Deity of the Kaba Shrine was Lord Shiva i.e. Shankara, The crescent was also painted on it. It is that crescent which is now adopted as a Religious symbol of Islam.

Another Hindu tradition is that wherever there is a Shiva Shrine, the sacred Stream of Ganga that is the Ganges must always co-exist. True to that tradition, a sacred fount exits near the Kaba. Its water is held sacred because it was regarded as but another Ganga since pre-Islamic times.

The common Muslim exclamation and invocation “ Ya Allah,” is also of pure Sanskrit origin as my be observed by referring to the Invocation of Goodess Saraswati which runs thus : Ya Kundendu Tushar Har Dhavala, Ya Shubhra Vastravrita.

Muslim pilgrims visiting the Kaba Shrine go around it seven times. In on other Mosque does this perambulation prevail. Hindus invariably perambulate around their shrines. This is yet another proof that the Kaba Shrine is a pre-Islamic Shiva temple where the Hindu practice of perambulation is still meticulously observed.

In Sanskrit Allah, Akka and Amba are synonyms. They signify a Godess or Mother. The term ‘Allah’ , appears in Sanskrit chants while invoking Goddess Durga i.e. Bhavani. The Islamic word Allah for God is therefore, not an innovation but the ancient Sanskrit appellation retained and continued to be used by Islam.

The Seven perambulations too are significant. At Hindu wedding ceremonies the bride and bridegroom go round the sacred Fire seven times. The practice of seven perambulations around the kaba Shrine in mecca is therefore, a Hindu Vaidik custom. It is also proof that mecca was Makha or a Shrine of the sacred Fire around which worshippers made seven perambulations.

SAYAR – UL- OKUL tells us that a pan-Arabic poetic symposium used to be held in Mecca at the annual Okaj fair in pre-Islamic times. All leading poets used to participate in it. Poems considered best were awarded prizes. Others etched on camel, or goat Skin were hung outside. Thus for thousands of years the Kaba was the treasure house of the best Arabian poetic though. This tradition was of immemorial antiquity. But most of the poems got lost and destroyed during the storming of the Kaba by prophet Mohammad’s forces. Hisicourt poet Hassan – bin – Sawik who was among the invaders captured some of the treasured poems. His descendants in the third generation hoping to earn some reward carried some of those salvaged poems to Khalif Harun – al – Rashid’s Court. At the Kalif’s court he met the well Known Arab Scholar Abu Amir Abdul Asamai. The latter received from the bearer five Gold plates and 16 leather sheets with the priza-winning poems engraved on them sending away the latter happy bestowed with a good reward.

On the five Gold plates were inscribed Verses by two ancient Arab poets Labi Baynay and Akhtab-bin-Turfa. This discovery led Harun-al-Rashid order Abu Amir to compile a collection of all earlier composition. One of the compositions in the collection was by poet Jirrham Bintoi who lived 165 years before prophet Mohammad. Bintoi had received the topmost award for the best poem for three years in succession at the Mecca symposiums. All those three poems of Bintoi inscribed on at the Mecca symposiums. All those three poems of Bintoi inscribed on Gold plates were hung inside the Kaba shrine. One of his poems related to king Vikramaditya. Its Arabic transcript is as under : -

“ Itrasshaphai Santul Bikramatul

Phafhalameen Karimun Yartapheeha

Wayowassaru Bihillahaya Samimin Ela

Motakabbenaran, Bihillaha Yuhee

Qaid Min Howa Yaphakharu Phajjl

Asari Nahano Osirim Bayjayhaleen,

Yuridun Biabin Kajan Binaya Khtaru

Yaha Sabdunya Kanateph Natephi

Bijehalin, Atadari Bilala Masaurateen

Phakef Tasabahu Kaunni Eja

Majakaralharda Walhada, Ashmiman,

Burukan, Kad, Toluho Watastaru,

Bihillaha Yakajibainana Balaykulle

Amarena, Phaheya Jaunabid Amaray

Bikramatoon, ( SAYAR – UL – OKUL, page 315).

Rendered in English the above poem means, “ Fortunate are those who were boen (and lived ) during king Vikram’s reign. He was a noble ‘ generous, dutiful ruler devoted to be the Welfare of his subjects. But at that time we Arabs oblivious of God were lost in sensual pleasures. Plotting and torture were rempant (amongst us ). The darkness of ignorance had enveloped our Country. Like the lamb struggling for her life in the cruel paws of a wolf we Arabs were caught up in ignorance. We had strayed from peaceful, orderly life through our ignorance. The whole country was enveloped in a darkness as intense as on a New Moon night. But the present dawn and pleasant Sunshine of education is the result of the favour of that noble King Vikram whose benevolence did not lose sight of us foreigners as we were. He spread his sacred religion amongst us and sent Scholars from his own country, whose brilliance shone like that of the Sun in our Country. These Scholars and preceptors through whose benevolence we were once again made cognizant of the presence of God, introduced to His sacred knowledge, and put on the road to Truth, had come to our country to preach their religion and impart education. “

This clearly shows that the Yunani system of medicine is nothing but Ayurveda taught to the Arabs in ancient times.

The above poem of Bintoi, a pre – Islamic Arabian poet, is decisive evidence that it was King Vikramaditya who first conquered the Arabian peninsula and made it part of the Indian empire. This automatically explains why starting from India towards the west we have all Sanskrit names like Afghanisthan, Baluchisthan , Kurdisthan, Iranam, Iraq and Arvasthan. It has not been realized by historians that it was the Indians who ruled this entire region in the ancient past who gave all these names to these Countries, established Cultural centres and spread knowledge and civilization throughout West Asia. It could be that Arabia itself was not a part of the Indian empire until king Vikrama because Bintoi says that it was Vikrama who for the first time brought about a radical change in the Social, Cultural and political life of Arabia. It may be that the entire region between India and Arabia was ruled over by Indian King prior to King Vikramaditya. The latter perhaps added Arabia too to the Indian empire or it may be that Vikramaditya himself conducted a series of brilliant campaigns annexing to his Indian empire the vast region from Karachi to Hedjaz.

This also explains why King Vikramaditya is so famous in history. Apart from the nobility and Truthfulness of heart and his impartial filial affection for all his Subjects, be they Indian or Arab, as testified by Biontoi, he is enshrined in the pages of history because he was perhaps the World’s Greatest Ruler, The Vikram Samvat which he initiated over 2,000 years ago may well mak his victory over Arabia, and the so called KUTUB TOWER may be the Vikram Tower commemorating that victory.

A great many puzzles of ancient history get automatically solved by a proper understanding of these great conquests of king Vikramaditya. As recorded by Bintoi Indian scholars, preachers and social workers spread the Fire-worship cult, prached the VAidik way of life , manned schools, set up Ayurvedic centers, trained the local people in irrigation and agriculture and consolidated in those regions a democratic, orderly, peaceful, enlightened and religious way of life.

It is from such ancient Times that Indian kshatriya Royal families like the Pehlvis and Barmaks have held sway over Iran and Iraq. It is those conquests which made the Parsees Angihotrees or Fire-worshippers. It is therefore, that we find the kurds and Iranians speaking sanskritized dialects, Fire temples exiting in places like Baku and Baghdad thousands of miles ways from India, and scores of sites of ancient Indian Cultural Centres like Navbahar in Balkh and the numerous Viharas in Soviet Russia spread throughout the world. Ever since so many Viharas are often dug up in soviet Russia. Ancient Indian scriptures are also found in excavations in central Asia.

Unfortunately these Chapters of World History have been almost obliterated from Public memory. They need to be carefully deciphered and re-written. When these chapters are compiled they might change the entire concept and orientationo9f ancient history.

A movie produced by Hollywood and featuring the Indian boy actor Sabu is titled “ The thief of Baghdad. “ It affords a glimpse of pre – Islamic Iraq. In that a huge statue of Buddha with a shining diamond on its forehead is shown, seated in beatific meditation in a Baghdad temple. In other scenes a bottled imp when released is shown to assume the gigantic proportion of a giant with a tuft of hair on his head as the Hindus have, and a Goddess with eight arms has been depicted. This shows that even western Asia find nothing but the Vaidik way of life prevailing in those lands.

At least one koranic verse is and exact translation of a stanza in the Yajurveda. This was pointed out by the great research scholar Pandit S.D. Satrlakar of pardi in one of his articles.

It will now be easy to comprehend the various Hindu customs still prevailing in the west Asian countries even after the spread of Islam for the last 1,300 years. I intend to discuss some of those Hindu traditions which have become an indivisible part of Islamic life. The Hindus have a pantheon of 33 Gods. People in Asia Minor too worshipped 33 Gods before the spread of Islam. Islam has continued to be guided by the Lunar calendar. The Muslim month “ Safar, “ signifies and “ extra,” month. This is identical with the “ Adhik, “ meaning an extra month of the Hindu Calendar.

Their month designated as “ Rabi “ , is the corrupt form of Ravi meaning the Sun since it has already been shown that Sanskrit ‘”V” changes into prakrit “ B”. The Miladul – Nabi festival falls in the months of Rabi signifies a reunion with God. Another festival which falls in this month is the Gyarahavi shareef meaning the pious eleventh day. In Hindu tradition the Ekadashi or the 11th day is always considered pious. The Hindu costom of celebrating the vernal equinox amounts to reunion with God which is reflected in the Muslim Miladul Nabi observance. On the 11th day of this month a special Manavrat initiation ceremony used to be held. It is that custom which is still commemorated in the Gyarahavi Shareef of the Muslims.

In the Hindu calendar the first six months constitute the day of the Gods and the next six months their night corresponding to the long day and night succession at the time when Hindus colonized the north pole. In the latter half of the year the Hindus perform ancestor worship. The fortnight during which this commemorative rite is performed is known as the pitri Paksha. The observance is called the pitri Shraddha. The Muslim term Fitra is a corrupt from of the ancient Sanskrit word pitra.

The fourteenth day is reserved for the worship of those killed by weapons. This day is called Ghayal Chaturdashi. A similar observance known as Baraha Vafat I spracitised by the Muslims. Vafat is the corrupt form of Phiphaut meaning death, in Sanskrit. Their festival Shabibarat also falls on the 11th i.e. the Ekadashi day of the dark half of that month.

It should be noted that most Muslim festivals fall on the 11th day of the Lunar fortnights in keeping with the ancient Vaidik importance of the Ekadashi day. Some Muslim festivals are dependent on the citing of Moon. This custom derived from the Vaidik custom of taking meals on chatoorthi i.e. the fourth day of the Lunar fortnights after Moon rise.

In the Sandhya prayers chanted by orthodox Hindus daily they ask for pardon for any sin committed the previous night through word or deed ( “ yad Ratrya Papam Akarsham Manasa Vacha.” ). Similarly in the Atharva Sheersha God’s blessings are invoked for strength to remedy the night’s sins during the day, and the day’s sins at night by reformed behavior. The Sanskrit text says : “ Sayam Adheeyano Diwasa Kritam Papam Nashayati Pratar Adheeyano Ratri Kritam Papam Nashayatisayam Pratha Prayunjano Apapo Bhavati. “ The Muslim custom of observing the Muharram month as a period of fast as penitence for the year’s evil deeds reflects the continuance of the Vaidik custom described above. Their month Safar was also meant to provide for the astronomical adjustment of the year’s extra days as laid down by the Vaidik custom of observing an Adhik Mas i.e. an extra month. The word safar meaning ‘ additional ‘ , is synonymous with the Sanskrit word Adlik.

The Muslim custom of Bakri-eed derives from the Go-medh and Ashva-medh Yajnas of Sacrifices of Vaidik times. EED in Sanskrit means worship. The Islamic word EED for festive days namely days of worship is, therefore, a pure Sanskrit word. The woed Maish in the Hindu Zodiac signifies a lamb. Since in ancient times the year used to begin with the entry of the Sun in Airs, it was celebrated with mutton feasting. That is the origin of the Bakri EED festival.

Since EED means worship, and Griha means house the Muslim word Idgah signifying a house of worship is a pure Sanskrit word. Similarly the word Namaj derives from two Sanskrit roots Name and Yaja meaning bowing and worshipping.

Vaidik descriptions about the Moon, the different stellar constellations and the creation of the Universe have been incorporated from the Vedas in Koran part 1, Chapter 2, Stanzas 113, 114, 115, and 158, 198; Chapter 9, Stanza 37 and Chapter 10, Stanzas 4 to 7.

Recital of the Namaz five times a day owes its origin to the vaidik custom of pancha mahayajna which was part of the daily vaidic ritual prescribed for all individuals.

Muslims are enjoined cleanliness of five parts of the body before commencing prayers. This derives from the Vaidik injunction of “ Shareer Shudhyartham Panchanga Nyuasaha. “

Four months of the year are regarded as very sacred in Islamic tradition. The devout are enjoined to abstain from plunder and other evil deeds during this period. This corresponds to the Vaidik practice of observing the four monsoon as requiring special susterities and vows.

Shabibarat is the corrupt form of Shiva Vrata or Shivaratra. Since the Kaka had been an important Shiva temple the Shivratri festival used to be celebrated there with great éclat. It is that festival used to be celebrated there with great éclat. It is that festival which is signified by the Islamic word Shabibarat. Encyclopaedias tell us that there are inscriptions on the inside of the Kaba walls. What they are nobody has been allowed to study. But according to here say at least some of them are Stanzas from the BHAGWAD GEETA.

Indian merchants has settled in Arabia, particularly Yemen, and their life and manners had deeply influenced those who came in touch with them. At Ubla there was a large number of Indian settlements. The presence of the Indian Tribe of Jats in Arabia during the time of prophet Mohammad is borne out by the authentic traditions ( abadis ). Some Jat physicians had settled in Arabia. Imam Bukhari, one of the compliers of the prophet’s traditions says that once when Hazrat Ayesha wife of the prophet fell ill, he nephew sent for a Jat phyusician for her treatment. An Indian Raja sent a Jar of Ginger pickles. The prophet relishing it asked his Colleagues also to anjoy it.

It may be recalled that early during British rule in India their Doctors enjoyed a certain prestige because they were the rulers. Likewise the summoning of the Jat doctor to treat the prophet’s wife indicates that the Jats at that time belonged to the Indian ruling class in Arabia.

Appendix – IV

HINDU ORIGIN OF PROPHET MOHAMMAD FORGOTIEN

(Source : P.N .Oak, “Hindu Origin of Prophet Mohammad Forgotten” SOME BLUNDERS OF INDIAN HISTORICAL RESEARCH . Surya Prakashan, Nai Sarak, Delhi, 1st reprint, September 1969, pp. 310 – 320 .)

-P.N Oak

Apropos the observations in a foregoing chapter proving that ALLAH IS A HINDU GOD AND THE KABA A HINDU TEMPLE evidence is also available indicating that prophet Mohammad Himself was born a Hindu and that when He chose to break away from the family’s Hindu tradition and heritage and declare himself a prophet the Joint Hindu family broke up in an internecine feud and Hazrat Molhammad’s own uncle had to lay down his life fighting to save Hinduism.

Farflung Hinduism had, therefore, its own Karbala in faraway Arabia. There, no less a person then prophet Mohammad’s own uncle Umar-e Hassham, a staunch Hindu and a fervent Dovetee of the Hindu God Lord Shiva laid down his life fighting for his faith.

This piece of information unknown even to historians and scholara , thanks to the successful destruction of ancient Arabic history and other evidence, is found on page 235 of the famous anthology of ancient Arabic poetry titled Sayr-ul-Okul.

An extract of the page has been reproduced in black ink on a red stone column of the Fire-worship havilion in the backyard of the Lakshminarayan Temple, popularly called the Birla temple, on Reading Road in New Delhi, for anyone to see.

According to another extract cited on another column of the same pavilion, which will be quoted later in this chapter. Hinduism held exclusive sway for several millenniums in Arabia before prophet Mohammad. In fact from prophet Mohammad’s times backwards the entire history of Arabia down to the remotest antiquity is one of continued sway of Hindu rule and Hindu worship prevalent in the whole of Arabia and consequently in the whole or west Asia. The hazy references to the prevalence of Buddhism in those regions are in fact the result of a misunderstanding and a misinterpretation of history. Since Buddha happened to be the most famous Hindu just before India’s ties with outlying regions snapped, Buddha statues were seen erected all over. From that the myth that Buddhism prevailed in west Asia and some parts at least of Europe prior to Christianity and Islam, took root. But buddha’s statues were set up only because he was considered a great Hindu reformer, even as in our own times statues of Mahatma Gandhi came to be installed in different parts of the world.

The prevalence throughout ancient Arabia of Hindu worship is further proved by the Sanskrit names Makha – Medini, currently pronounced as Mecca- Madina. ‘Makha’ means sacrificial Fire, while ‘ Medini’ means ‘ land. ‘ The twin terms Mecca Medina (Makha-Medini), therefore. Signify the strip of land which was famous as a great centre of Fire worship which used to form the centre of an annual pilgrimage. The present Haj of Islam is a mere continuation of that same Hindu religious congregation under a rival label.

The term Haj itself derives form the Sanskrit word ‘ Vraj,’ signifying ‘pilgrimage. ‘ That is why Sanyasins i.e. recluses who renounce the world and move from one holy place to another are known is Sanskrit as parivrajaks.

Hazrat Mohammad’s uncle who died fighting to save Hinduism was named Umar bin-e Hassham. He was a renowned poet whose famous Arabic poem in praise of Lord Shiva and the sacred land of Hindusthan appears on page 235 of the Sayr-ul-Okul anthology. That piece, cited on a redstone column in the precinets of the Lakshminarayan temple, New

Delhi, is as under :-

Kafavinak Jikra Min Ulumin Tab Asayru

Kaluwan Amatatul Hawa Wa Taja Khru (1)

We Tajakhayroha Udan Kalalwada – e- Lilwawa

Walukayanay Jatalla – hay Yauma Tab Asayru (2)

Wa Ahalolha Ajahu Arameeman MAHADEVA – 0

Manojail ilamuddin Minhum we Sayattaryu (3)

We Sahabi Kay – Yam Feema – Kamil HINDAY Yauman

We Yakulun Na Latahajan Faeennak Tawajjaru (4)

Massayaray Akhalakan Hasanan Kullahum

Najumun Aja – at Summa Gabul HINDU (5)

A free translation of the above poem invoking Lord Shiva is as under :-

The man who may spend his life in sin and irreligion or waste it in lechery and wrsth (1)

If at last he relent and return to righteousness can he be saved (2)

If but once he worship Mahadeva with a pure heart

He will attain the ultimate in Spirituality (3)

Oh Lord (shiva) exchange my entire life for but a day’s sojourn

In India where one attains Salvation (4)

`This pollar in the Fire worship pavilion of the Lakshminarayan temple (popularly called the Birla temple) on Reading Road in New Delhi, bears an Arabic poem (in Devnagiri Script).

The poem is in praise of Lord Mahadeva, a Hindu Deity, and of India as a Spiritual homeland. The poet is no less a person than Umar bin-e-Hassham, uncle of prophet Mohammad.

The introductory lines on top explain that the poem has been quoted from ‘ Sayr-ul-Okul, ‘ an anthology of Ancient Arabic poetry.

Since Prophet Mohammad’s uncle appears to be a Hindu, it is quite clear that in those days of undivided families his entire household followed Hinduism.

That means that like Lord Buddha, Mahavira Jaina and the ten Sikh Gurus, Hazrat Mohammad was yet another prophet which Hinduism gave to World. Like the other reformers, sages and Seers, Prophet Mohammad reiterated some of the basic values of Hinduism such as ‘ Shanti,’ i.e. Peace (Islam) and monotheism.

“ But one pilgrimage there secures for one all merit and company of the Truly Great. (5). “

(Sayr – ul – Okul, page 235).

A number of very important conclusions flow from Umar bin-e-Huswsham’s life and poetry as recorded in Sayr-ul-Okul.

It shows that the first battles between Hinduism and Islam ware fought in the every land which has been flaunted as the exclusive and original Cradle of islam and that the entire Arab people were devout worshippers not only of Lord Shiva by the same token of entire Hindu pantheon.

We shall see hereafter that the Arabs were not only dedicated worshippers of Lord Shive, which they even now are since they pay humble homage to the Mahadeva emblem in the Kaba, but that they were also avid reciters of the Vedas.

Another conclusion we derive from Umar bin-e Hassham’s testimony is that until Islam reversed the process of pilgrimage all Arabs yearned to visit Indian temples at prayag, Harddwar, Varanasi, Rameshwar and other Shrines. Like the rest of the ancient world they regarded Indian Sages, Rishis, Savants and Vedantists as their mentors and guides. It is at their feet that the Arabs came to prostrate to attain Divine Bliss and Spiritual instruction.

Umar bi-e Hassham was held in such high regard that his contemporaries called him Abul Hakam meaning ‘ The Father of fLearning.’ His enemies, Jealous dubbed him Abu Jihal – the Father of Ignorance.

On page 275 of the same ancient Arabic anthology ‘ Sayr-ul-Okul,’ is another very important verse. The composer is Labi bin-e Akhtab bin-e Turfa. He lived 2,300 Years prior to prophet Mohammad. Even at that early date i.e. about 1800 B.C. Labi pays devout bardic tribute to the Vedas and mentions each one of them by name.

That the Vedas were the only religious scripture to which the Arabs woed allegiance as early as 1800 B.C. proves not only the antiquity of the Vedas but also the existence o Indian rule over the entire region from the Indus to the Mediterranean, because it is an exiom of history that religion follows in the wake of administrative control.

In that light of this evidence the very confident assertion in ‘ The History of Mankind, Vol. I, Part – II, ‘ Published by U.N.E.S.C.O., that the Rigved could not be older than 1200 B.C. seems worse than a School boy howler.

The very name of the poet which is quoted as ‘ Labi bin-e Akhtab bin-e Turfa, ‘ is reminiscent of the Sanskrit mode of tracing every individual’s ancestry to the third generation. Thus in Indian marriages and other important religious functions the worshipper is always mentioned as the Son of such and such person and the grandson of such and such. The Arabs too being nurtured in the Indian Sanskrit tradition adopted the system of mentioning every individual with reference to his father and grandfather. ‘Bin,’ ‘signifies the ‘ Son of . ‘ Thus Labi was the son of Akhtab who in turn was the son of Turfa.

His Arabic poem in praise of the Vedas when transcribed in the Roman script reads as follows. :-

Ayu Muwarekal Araj yushaiya Noha Minar Hinde

We Aradakallaha Manyonaijail Jikaratun (1)

Wahalatjjali Yatun Ainana Sahabi Akha-atun Jikra

Wahajayhi Yonajjelur – rasul Minal Hindatun (2)

Yakuloonallaha Ya Ahlal Araj Alameen Kullahum

Fattabe – u Jikaratul VEDA Hukkun Malam yonajjaylatun (3)

Wahowa Alamus SAM wal YAJUR Minallahay Tanajeelan

Fa-e-noma Ya Akhiyo Muttabay-an Yobassheriyonajatun (4)

We Asanat Ala-udan Wabowa Masha-e-ratun (5)

The two Arabic poems quoted in this article were among the most prized and valude in pre-Islamic Arabia and were hung inscribed in letters of Gold in the Kaba Shrine which had around the present truncated monument a Temple housing 360 Hindu Deities.

A free English rendering of Labi’s celebrated poem singing the praises of Vedas will be as follows :-

Oh the Divine hand of Bharat – (how) very blessed art Thou

Because thou art the chosen of God blessed with Divine Knowledge enou (1)

That Celestial knowledge which like four light houses shone in such brilliance

Through the (utterances of ) Indian Sages in four-fold abundance ( 2)

God enjoins on all humans follow with hands down

The path the Vedas with His Divine precept lay down (3)

Brusting with (Divine) knowledge are SAM and YAJUR bestowed on creation

Hence brothers respect and follow the Veda guides to Salvation (4)

This pillar in the Fire worship pavilion of the Kakshminarayan Temple (popularly called the Birla temple ) on reading Road in New Delhi, bears an Arabic poem (in Devanagri script)

The poem dating back to circa 1800 B.C. is in praise of the four around 1200 B.C. in the U.N.E.S.C.O. publication titled ‘ History of Mankind, Vol. I, part – II is mistaken.

But what is more important is the indication that in pre-Islamic times Arabia followed Hinduism. The poem has been quo0ted from ‘ Sayr – ul – Okul, ‘ an anthology of ancient Arabic poetry.

Two others ----- The RIG and ATHARV teach us fraternity Sheltering under their luster dispels darkness till eternity (5).

The supreme reverence which the Arabs had for India, the Vedas and Lord Shiva and consequently for Sanskrit and Indian culture in pre-Islamic times is amply borne out by the above tow poems.

Ancient Indian Universities like those at Nalanda and Takshashila therefore, catered not only to students from china but also from countries as far as Arabia and Israel and perhaps even Egypt.

Labi also clearly mentions that Arabs were initiated in the Indian doctrine of human fraternity and monolithic brotherhood through the study of Rigved and Atharva Ved. This statement of a respected ancient Arab poet proves that Islamic pioneering claim to preaching brotherhood is incorrect.

Ancient Arabia’s identity with Hindu Culture so clearly borne out by Labi and Umar automatically explains the existence of Buddha images and Indian Fire worship throughout West Asia.

Since prophet Mohammad’s uncle was a Hindu as clearly mentioned by him, it follows that in those times of joint families all members including prophet Mohammad ware born Hindus and were nursed in Indian tradition, lore and culture.

It is also generally presumed that Arabs as strangers came sporadically to Indian and translated some of its books and casually picking up some of its arts and sciences introduced them haphazardly to their own people.

On a little reflection in soon becomes clear that profound learning can never be introduced through the efforts of casual travelers. Erudition requires intensive effortsand careful planning. The testimony of Labi and Umar and of Jirrham Bintoi ( also quoted from Sayr - ul – Okul ) in the Chapter proving KABA WAS a HINDU TEMPLE AND ALLAH A HINDU GOD imparts quite a new meaning to the historical assertion that the Arabs picked their learning from India. It means that Indians during their benevolent rule lasting for numerous canturies over Arabia imparted all their profound learning to the Arabs and without any superiority complex treated Arabs on a par with Indians. The portals of the highest knowledge were not only open to all but were freely accessible because under the ancient Indian way of life all essential services like medicine and education were free of cost or charge.

A sign of the profound impact that India had made over he Arab mind during millenniums of its rule in Arabia is found later in mediaeval history when even marauders like Mohammad Kasim retained their faith in astrology and were mentioned with reference to their great grand fathers in “ Putra, Pautra and Prapautra “ , style of Sanskrit usage.

It is clearly mentioned in encyclopaedias that in pre-Islamic times Arabia was a land of canals and lush green fields. It was only when renouncing their erstwhile peaceful way of life that Arabs took to plunder and massacre and illiteracy and turned every land they foraged , into a desert. Thus, Arabia is a graphic example of how Hinduism has always stood for peace, prosperity, brotherhood, piety, temporal erudition and spirituaK Bliss. Some of the greatest Arab minds like those of Labi, Jirrham and umar have unreservedly and spontaneously paid their humble tribute to India for its unparalleled culture, Learning and spirituality. Luckily for us the happy glimpses of that Golden age of human brotherhood usered by Indian genius are still treasured in ‘ Sayr – ul – Okul, ‘ despite systematic vandalism which reveled in wiping out all the evidence.

Appendix – V.

. KABBA A HINDU TEMPLE TAKEN OVER BY MUSLIMS

-By: Aishwarya Rai Bachchan

(Source: Internet Blog/Mail.)

To: Avinash Patra

From: Aishwarya Rai Bachchan

Date: 4.Nov.2010

Re: Your call from 12.Aug.2010

Message.

Saturday, September, 4, 2010

KING VIKRAMADITYA INSCRIPTION ON A GOLD DISH HUNG INSIDE THE KABBA In pure scientific study about the Historical Muhammad raises basic questions concerning the prophet's role as a moral paragon; the sources of Islamic law; and the God-given nature of the Koran. The scientists even doubt the existence of Muhammad. Scientists say that the Koran is a not a product of Muhammad or even of Arabia, but a collection of materials stitched together to meet the needs of a later age. There was no Islam until two or three hundred years after the traditional version at around 830CE. The Arab tribesmen who conquered in the seventh century vast territory were not Moslems, but were persons who worshiped idols and are scientists call them pagans.

Even though Prophet Muhammad was born in the full light of history the earliest document date about a century and a half after his death. Not only does this long lapse of time cast doubt on their accuracy, but internal evidence strongly suggests the Arabic sources were composed in the context of intense partisan quarrels over the prophet's life. The earliest sources like papyri, inscriptions, and coins on the prophet's life, contradict the standard biography. An inscription and a Greek account fix Muhammad's birth in 552, not 570. Muhammad's career took place not in Mecca but hundreds of kilometers to the north. Yehuda Nevo. The classical Arabic language was developed not in today's Saudi Arabia but in the Levant.

Long before Islam came in to existence, Kabba, in Mecca in Saudi Arabia was a Pilgrimage site. The word Kabba might have come from the Tamil Language which originated around 1700 BC. In Tamil Nadu Kabaalishwaran temple is Lord Shiva’s temple and Kabaali refers to Lord Shiva. The black stone at Kabba is held sacred and holy in Islam and is called "Hajre Aswad" from the Sanskrit word Sanghey Ashweta or Non-white stone. The Shiva Lingam is also called Sanghey Ashweta. So what is in Kabba could be the same what Hindus worship. The pedestal Maqam-E-Ibrahim at the Centre of the Kabba is octagonal in shape. In Hinduism, the pedestal of Brahma the creator is also octagonal in shape. Muslim pilgrims visiting the Kabba temple go around it seven times. In no other mosque does the circumambulation prevail. Hindus invariably circumambulate or Pradakshina, around their deities. This is yet another proof that the Kabba shrine is a pre-Islamic. In Shiva temples Hindus always practice circumambulation or Pradakshina. Just as in Hinduism, the custom of circumambulation by Muslim pilgrims around the entire Kabba building seven times shows that the claim that in Islam they don’t worship stones is not true. Allah was one of the deities in Kabba long before Islam was founded. It might come as a stunning revelation to many that the word ‘ALLAH’ itself is Sanskrit. In Sanskrit language Allah, Akka and Amba are synonyms. They signify a goddess or mother. The term ‘ALLAH’ forms part of Sanskrit chants invoking goddess Durgä, also known as Bhavani, Chandi and Mahishasurmardini. The Islamic word for God is., therefore, not an innovation but the ancient Sanskrit appellation retained and continued by Islam. Allah means mother or goddess and mother goddess.

The King Vikramaditya inscription was found on a gold dish hung inside the Kabba shrine in Mecca, proving beyond doubt that the Arabian Peninsula formed a part of his Indian Empire. (Ref: page 315 of a volume known as ‘Sayar-ul-Okul’ treasured in the Makhtab-e-Sultania library in Istanbul, Turkey). King Vikrama’s preachers had succeeded in spreading the Vedic Hindu sacred scriptures in Arabia and Arabs were once followers of the Indian Vedic way of life. The annual fair known as OKAJ which used to be held every year around the Kabba temple in Mecca and the present annual hajj of the Muslims to the Kabba is of earlier pre-Islamic congregation. . Even to this day ancient Siva emblems can be seen. It is the Shankara (Siva) stone that Muslim pilgrims reverently touch and kiss in the Kabba.

Muslims shave their head and beard and don special sacred attire that consists of two seamless sheets of white cloth. One is to be worn round the waist and the other over the shoulders. Both these rites are remnants of the old Vedic practice of entering Hindu temples clean and with holy seamless white sheets. According to the Encyclopedia Britannica, the Kabba has 360 idols. Traditional accounts mention that one of the deities among the 360 destroyed when the place was stormed was that of Saturn; another was of the Moon and yet another was one called Allah. That shows that in the Kabba the Arabs worshipped the nine planets in pre-Islamic days. In India the practice of ‘Navagraha’ puja, that is worship of the nine planets, is still in vogue. Two of these nine are Saturn and Moon. In India the crescent moon is always painted across the forehead of the Siva symbol. Since that symbol was associated with the Siva emblem in Kabba it came to be grafted on the flag of Islam.

The Hindu Vedic letter in Sanskrit "OM" if seen in a mirror one can see the Arabic numbers 786 and this is the most sacred number for Muslims and copies of the Arabic Koran have the mysterious figure 786 imprinted on them. In their ignorance simply they do not realize that this special number is nothing more than the holiest of Vedic symbols misread and none of the Arabic scholar has been able to determine how they chose 786 as the sacred for them. In short Muslims are also going around Siva Lingam at Kabba, seven times as Hindus go around it seven times.

A few miles away from Mecca are a big signboard which bars the entry of any non-

Muslim into the area. This is a reminder of the days when the Kabba was stormed and captured solely for the newly established faith of Islam. The object in barring entry of non-Muslims was obviously to prevent its recapture. Kabba is clothed in a black shroud. This custom also originated from the days when it was thought necessary to discourage its recapture by camouflaging it.

Another Hindu tradition associated with the Kabba is that of the sacred stream Ganga (sacred waters of the Ganges River). According to the Hindu tradition Ganga is also inseparable from the Shiva emblem as the crescent moon. Wherever there is a Siva emblem, Ganga must co-exist. True to that association a sacred fount exists near the Kabba. Its water is held sacred because it has been traditionally regarded as Ganga since pre-Islamic times (Zam-Zam water).

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Hare Krishna, Avinash Patra

Avinashkrishnadäsa

Harekrishna…

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

David Frawley, Wisdom of the Ancient Seers (Mantras of the Rig – Veda), Motilal Banrsidass, Delhi reprint 1995.

His Divine Grace A.C. Bhaktivedatnta Swami Prabhupada, SRIMAD BHAGAVATAM, (First Canto), The Bhaktivedatnta Book Trust, 4th Indian Printing, Bombay, 1998.

Joanna G. Williams, (ed.), KALADARSHNA, (American Studies in the Art of India), Oxford & I.B.H. Publishing Co., New Delhi, 1981.

Mirror, Monthly English, (ed.) Palakunnathu G. Mathai, Bombay, February, 1979.

Marta Vannucci, Ancient Gods and Heroes of the East and West, D.K. Print world, (P.), Ltd,. New Delhi, 2007.

Marcus Schmieke, VASTU THE ORIGIN OF FENG SHUI, New Age Books, New Delhi, 2003.

Nicholas Notovitch, THE UNKNOWN LIFE OF JESUS CHRIST, Translated by J.H Connelly and L. Lendsberg, Nababharat publishers, Kolkata, reprint 1981.

Prof. Amaranth, SOME MISSING CHAPTERS OF WORLD HISTORY, Itihas Shodh Sansthan, New Delhi, 1973.

P.N. Oak, SOME BLUNDERS OF INDIAN HISTORICAL RESEARCH, Surya Prakashan, Delhi, reprint 1969.

Swami Prakashanand Saraswati, THE TRUE HISTORY AND THE RELIGION OF INDIA, Motilal Banrsidass, Delhi, 2001.

S.D. Kulkarni, (General Editor), Bhishma’s Study of Indian History and Culture,

Vol. I, Beginning of Life, Culture and History, reprint 1997,

Vol. II, The Epics Ramayana and Mahabharata, 1992, and

Vol. XVI, India Abroad, 1995,

Shri Bhagavan Vedavyasa Itihasa Samshodhana Mandira, (BHISHMA), Thane, Bombay.

The Darling Kindersley Illustrated Family Encyclopedia, 2005, Darling Kindersley Limited, London, (A Penguin Company).

Vishnu Kant Varma, MISSING LINK OF WORLD CIVILIZATION: INDO – ARYAN COLONIZATION, Pratibha Prakashan, Delhi, 2005

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Avinash Patra is the author of the Lord Curzon Exposed Through Avinash Patra, one of the most widely read Historical Literature of all time in this Present World, as well as the international bestsellers

He Lives now in New York in his University Campus.

He is a student of “The State University of New York”, and a Great Teen age Author and bestseller of University of Oxford.

And He was join “The State University of New York” in the year of 2009, as the subject of Indology (Indian Culture), and he is now study there.

Visit his website at

httP://www.avinashpatra.official.ac.co.uk

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