INDEX

PREFACE

I-. Introduction.

II-. Methodology and field work.
1-. Methodology.
1.1-. Reflexivity of knowledge and methodological pluralism.
1.2-. Qualitative methodology.
1-. Definition.
2-. Qualitative research techniques.
2.1-. Participant observation.
2.2-. The Interview.
2.3-. Field annotations.
1.3-. Quantitative methodology.
2-. Field work.
2.1-. Introduction.
2.2-. Description of field work.
1-. Phases and ethnographic content.
2-. Data gathering techniques.
2.1-. Participant observation.
1-. In virtual groups.
2-. In self-help groups.
2.2-. Interviews.
2.3-. Field work annotations.
2.4-. Survey.

III-. Stuttering as a sociocultural construct.
1-. Introduction.
2-. Basic historical considerations.
2.1-. From antiquity to the XX century.
2.2-. From the beginning of the XX century until 1987.
1-. Introduction.
2-. Logopedic methodology.
3-. Psicoanalisis.
4-. Personality.
5-. Scientific research.
5.1-. Organic biology hypothesis.
1-. Predomiance Deficit theory.
2-. Alteration of the speech mechanisms self-control.
3-. Difficulties in the neuromuscular coordination.
4-. Lack of coordination between the respiratory and phonoarticulatory systems.
5.2-. Psychological hypothesis.
1-. Diagnosogenic theory.
2-. Sheehan’s Theory.
3-. Van Riper’s theory.
6-. Conclusion.
2.3-. From 1987 to the present day.
1-. Introduction.
2-. Starkweather’ theory of capacities and demands.
3-. Bloodstein’s hypothesis of anticipatory avoidance.
4-. Friedman’s confidence .
3-. Criticism of biomedical stuttering.
3.1-. Classification and criticism of biomedic definitions of suttering.
1-. Definitions from the point of view of the hearer.
2-. Definitions from the point of view of the speaker.
3.2-. Sociocultural construction of stuttering disfluencies.
3.3-. From the Biopsicosocio a to the Sociopsicobio.
1-. Introduction.
2-. Social construction of stuttering.
2.1-. Introduction.
2.2-. Medicalization.
2.3-. Stigmatization
4-. Conclusions.

IV-. Personal identity of the stuttering community.
1-. Introducción.
2-. Feelings on the wound of the difference.
2.1-. Introduction.
2.2-. Defencelessness.
2.3-. Avoidance.
2.4-. Shame.
2.5-. Guilt.
1-. Description and theoretical analysis.
2-. Criticims of Sheehan¡ concept ofguilt.
2.1-. provoked guilt.
1-. Guilty myths.
2-. Innocent myths.
2.2-. The guilt of the false role.
2.3-. Guilt from audience reaction.
3-. Ethnographic analysis of guilt.
2.6-. Fear.
1-. Introduction and theoretical and practical example.
2-. Theoretical analysis.
2.1-. Wendell Johnson.
2.2-. Van Riper.
3-. Ethnographic analysis of fear.
3.1-. Fear of speaking (and stuttering).
3.2-. Fear of social relationships.
3.3-. Fear of genetic transmission.
4-. Consequences of fear.
3-. Thoughts of the wound of the difference.
4-. Compound elements: the self-concept.
5-. Pride.
6-. Conclusions.

V-. Coming Out.
1-. Introduction.
2.-. The group as an open system.
2.1-. In-group favouritism.
2.2-. Intergroupal conflicto.
1-. Introduction.
2-. Stereotype.
3-. Discrimination.
2.3-. Social identity.
1-. Concept.
2-. Shared beliefs.
2.1-. Ethnogprahic comparisons.
2.2-. Theoretical analysis.
1-. Stigma and hiding stuttering.
2-. Destigmatization of homosexuality.
3-. Emancipation Project: Coming Out.
3.1-. Introduction.
3.2-. Ideary.
3.3-. Objectives and mutual interdependence.
3.4-. Meaning and concept.
3.5-. Ethnographic testimony.
3.6-. Personal Coming Out.
1-. Phases: theoretical and ethnographic analysis.
1.1-. Introduction.
1.2-. Analisys.
2-. Consequences.
3.7-. Dignification of stuttering.
1-. Causal inversion.
2-. Ethnographic testimony.
4-. Reconstruction of stuttering.
4.1-. Introduction.
4.2-. Specific consequences of traditional construct.
4.3-. transfluency
1-. Two basic principles of biomedicine.
1.1-. Dual ontological opposition.
1.2-. Medicalization of the difference.
2-. Transfluency: concept and characteristics.

VI-. Conclusions.

VII-. Bibliography.