MARC Record from marc_columbia

LEADER: 09777mam a2200421 a 4500
001 1090584
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008 920527t19921992ilua b 000 0 eng d
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020 $a0875805566
035 $a(OCoLC)ocm25895491
035 $9AGD0965CU
035 $a(NNC)1090584
035 $a1090584
040 $aJNA$cJNA$dNNC$dOrLoB-B
041 1 $aenglat
043 $an------$as------
100 1 $aCasas, Bartolomé de las,$d1484-1566.$0http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n80010286
245 10 $aIn defense of the Indians :$bthe defense of the Most Reverend Lord, Don Fray Bartolomé de las Casas, of the Order of Preachers, late Bishop of Chiapa, against the persecutors and slanderers of the peoples of the New World discovered across the seas /$cBartolomé de Las Casas ; translated and edited by Stafford Poole ; forward by Martin E. Marty.
250 $a[2nd ed.].
260 $aDeKalb :$bNorthern Illinois University Press,$c[1992], ©1992.
300 $axxvii, 385 pages :$billustrations ;$c23 cm
336 $atext$2rdacontent
337 $aunmediated$2rdamedia
338 $avolume$2rdacarrier
500 $aTranslation of a ca. 1552 Latin ms. in the Bibliothéque nationale, Paris (Nouveaux fonds Latins, no. 12926)
504 $aIncludes bibliographical references.
505 00 $gI.$tPreliminaries -- $tIntroductory Letter by Bartolome de la Vega -- $tSummary of the Defense -- $tSummary of Sepulveda's Position -- $tPreface to the Defense -- $gII.$tThe Defense -- $gCh. 1.$tIntroduction. Distinction of the different kinds of barbarians. First kind of barbarian: Any wild, inhuman, merciless man -- $gCh. 2.$tSecond kind of barbarian: Those who have no written language or persons with a language different from ours. Third kind of barbarian: Those in the strict sense. They are freaks of nature. If these include many men, God's creation would be ineffective -- $gCh. 3.$tThis last statement is true even if most men are corrupt, but they are not. Despite what Aristotle says about barbarians, Christians must treat them as brothers and men. They must be drawn gently -- $gCh. 4.$tIndians are barbarians who have rule and state. They are mechanically skilled, not ignorant or uncivilized. Sepulveda's position would justify all kinds of wars. His distinction of greater and lesser beings is not valid here. People cannot be forced to accept benefits -- $gCh. 5.$tFourth kind of barbarian: All non-Christians -- $gCh. 6.$tSepulveda says that war is justified by the Indians' idolatry and their human sacrifice. But we can punish another's sins only if we have jurisdiction. The four ways in which unbelievers are subject to Christians. The Indians are not subject to Christians. The distinction of actual and potential jurisdiction -- $gCh. 7.$tUnbelievers do not belong to the competence of the Church. The Church cannot uproot idolatry by force -- $gCh. 8.$tNeither the Church nor Christian rulers can punish the idolatry of unbelievers. The worship of some god is natural -- $gCh. 9.$tThe Church has no power over unbelievers because they live outside the Church's jurisdiction -- $gCh. 10 and 11.$tThe Church has no jurisdiction over unbelievers. The preaching of the faith does not begin with the punishing of sins -- $gCh. 12.$tThe previous arguments are bolstered and confirmed by the example and practice of the Church. Appeal to and quoting of the Sublimis Deus of Paul III -- $gCh. 13.$tRefutation of Sepulveda's arguments from Deuteronomy and Joshua. God did not command all idolaters to be killed or warred against. These passages refer to special cases, e.g., danger of idolatry, descent from Ham -- $gCh. 14.$tRefutation of Sepulveda's citation of Saint Cyprian. Las Casas explains Cyprian's true position -- $gCh. 15.$tBeginning of the explanation of the six cases in which the Church can exercise jurisdiction over unbelievers. The presuppositions. First case: If the unbelievers unjustly hold Christian lands. Second case: When they practice idolatry in lands formerly given over to Christian worship -- $gCh. 16.$tContinuation of second case. Interpretation of the opinion of Pope Innocent IV -- $gCh. 17.$tContinuation of the interpretation of Innocent IV. Conclusion: Refutation of idolatry as a basis for punishment -- $gCh. 18.$tJohn Damascene's apparent contradiction of the conclusion. The types of ignorance found among idolaters -- $gCh. 19.$tFurther reasons excusing idolaters from formal sin. Return to the discussion of invincible ignorance -- $gCh. 20.$tRefutation of Augustine of Ancona, who said that all creatures are subject to the Pope -- $gCh. 21.$tThe previous chapter is bolstered by an appeal to Saint Thomas Aquinas -- $gCh. 22 and 23.$tAnswer to another argument of Augustine of Ancona, viz., that the Pope can punish those who violate the natural law -- $gCh. 24.$tAnswer to the argument of Augustine of Ancona that unbelievers have actually been judged and condemned by the Church. Third case: If unbelievers are knowingly and maliciously blasphemous toward the Christian religion -- $gCh. 25.$tFourth case: If unbelievers deliberately hinder the spread of the faith or persecute those who accept it -- $gCh. 26.$tThe obligation of the Church to preach the gospel to every nation does not provide an excuse for war, for force cannot be used to spread the gospel -- $gCh. 27.$tFurther proof and discussion of the fourth case. Fifth case: If unbelievers attack Christian territories. The natural right of self-defense -- $gCh. 28.$tSixth case: If a people sacrifice human beings or commit cannibalism (Sepulveda's third argument). The Church does not have the obligation to rescue all the innocent, especially if large numbers will perish in the process -- $gCh. 28 (bis).$tFurther discussion of the previous chapter. The necessity of choosing the lesser of two evils. The need, at times, to use the law's permission -- $gCh. 29.$tThe story of Sodom and Gomorrah does not contradict these arguments, nor do other Old Testament stories, because the examples of the Old Testament must be admired but not imitated. All men are guilty by reason of original sin -- $gCh. 30.$tRefutation of the argument that once a city has been condemned in a just war, all the inhabitants can be killed indiscriminantly -- $gCh. 31.$tIt is not lawful to afflict any number of innocent persons in order to rescue other innocent persons from sacrifice -- $gCh. 32.$tIn war, those guilty of sacrifice cannot be distinguished from the innocent -- $gCh. 33.$tContinuation of the previous argument. The punishment of those guilty of sacrifice leads to scandal, and this must be avoided. Cannibalism is not intrinsically evil -- $gChapters 34, 35, 36,and 37.$tHuman sacrifice is not always evil for those who commit it -- $gCh. 38.$tRecapitulation of arguments in Chapters Chapter Thirty-Two through Thirty-Seven -- $gCh. 39.$tThe hope and presumption that people can be converted from idolatry, and human sacrifice is another reason for not making war -- $gCh. 40.$tThe effectiveness of good preaching is proved by Las Casas's experience in the New World. Outside the six cases, the Church has no jurisdiction. Its jurisdiction is voluntary -- $gCh. 41.$tCajetan's ideas on war against unbelievers. Those who oppose him -- $gCh. 42.$tRefutation of Sepulveda's fourth argument that war clears the way for the preaching of the gospel and the spread of the faith. The parable of the supper (Luke 14) -- $gCh. 43.$tFurther comments on persuasive compulsion. Interpretation of the parable of the supper -- $gCh. 44.$tRefutation of the claim that Constantine the Great waged war to spread the Christian religion -- $gCh. 45, 46, 47, and 48.$tThe injustice of a war to spread Christian religion is demonstrated from various authorities -- $gCh. 49.$tReasons why unbelievers, in contrast to heretics, cannot be compelled -- $gCh. 50.$tThe thought of Saint Augustine on compulsion -- $gCh. 51.$tRefutation of Sepulveda's appeal to the example of Gregory the Great -- $gCh. 52.$tRefutation of Sepulveda's appeal to the example of the Roman Empire. God's use of tyrants to execute justice -- $gCh. 53.$tRefutation of the first argument of John Mayor (Mayr) in favor of the Indian wars--the Indians will not otherwise receive Christianity -- $gCh. 54.$tRefutation of Major's second argument--a king can be deprived of his rule if his people accept Christianity and he does not -- $gCh. 55.$tExplanation of the thought of Saint Thomas Aquinas on compulsion -- $gCh. 56.$tRefutation of Major's third argument--a people who accept Christianity should want to have their pagan ruler deposed -- $gCh. 57.$tThe story of Sepulveda's efforts to have his work published. Refutation of Oviedo's General History -- $gCh. 58.$tFurther refutation of Oviedo -- $gCh. 59.$tRefutation of Sepulveda's claim that Alexander VI approved war against the Indians in the bull Inter Caetera -- $gCh. 60.$tFurther interpretation of Inter Caetera -- $gCh. 61.$tHow the Catholic kings interpreted Inter Caetera, especially in the codicil to Isabella's will -- $gCh. 62.$tFurther interpretation of Inter Caetera -- $gCh. 63.$tConclusion.$tTranslator's Commentary.
650 0 $aIndians, Treatment of.$0http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85065075
600 10 $aSepúlveda, Juan Ginés de,$d1490-1573.$0http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n50009804
610 20 $aCatholic Church$xMissions$zAmerica.
651 0 $aSpain$xColonies$zAmerica$xAdministration.
700 1 $aPoole, Stafford.$0http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n85346373
852 00 $bglx$hF1411$i.C425 1992g
852 00 $bbar$hF1411$i.C425 1992g
852 00 $boff,glx$hF1411$i.C425 1992g
852 00 $bmil$hF1411$i.C425 1992g
852 00 $blata$hF1411$i.C425 1992g