State intervention in economic management has had increasing interference since the 1930s all over the world. The counter-example of the Soviet Union, embarked on an accelerated process of growth oriented from 1928 by successive five-year plans, was soon followed by the impact of the capitalist crisis. From economic theory, the discrediting of the dominant liberal conceptions and the criticism that the nascent Keynesianism assigned to them provided ideological arguments for the State to adopt an expanded role, acting on the economic life in order to reduce the "uncertainty" with a horizon medium and long term. Shortly afterwards, the concentration of the organizational and productive effort to confront World War II and the subsequent preoccupation with the demobilization cemented the new role of the economic intervention and of the organisms that the same imposed. The works collected in this volume allow us to obtain a plural image about the experience of economic planning and the dilemmas of development in Argentina during the twentieth century. The different veins explored account for the ideas and policies deployed, the designs and dynamics of institutions and agencies, programs, and technical figures and their state knowledge.