Western culture is, mainly, indebted to both the Greek-Roman legacy and the Early Christian literature. The present collection of essays tries to clarify how the Greek Fathers? work was transmitted and received. Several approaches prove inseparable as well as fruitful : studying manuscripts? circulation, medieval libraries? inventories and the preeminent paper of translators, from Rufinus and Jerome for Origen?s work to the translators and commentators among Humanists and Reformers. These translations and their history raise the question of their fidelity to the original and of the misunderstandings they eventually provoked between Eastern and Western Christianity. Moreover, while translations contribute to the reception of the major Christian witnesses of the first centuries, this reception is closely connected to the immediate context. Actually, quotations and florilegia of the Greek Fathers influenced theological debates at councils or between Reformers and Catholics during the Sixteenth Century.