Section I. CHAPTER I Page A Comisario-Prefecto for the Missions — Relations with the Fr Presidente — ^The First Comisario — His Fine Pastoral — ^Urges Learning the Indian Language — Solicitude for the Whites — Fr Pay^ras Succeeds Fr Sefian as Presidente — Death of Governor Arrillaga — His Testament — His Character — ^Ar- rival of Gov Soli — "Interrogatorio" on the Missions — Treachery of the Indians — Fr Quintina's Awful Death and His Vindication — ^Afio de los Temblores — Effects of the Mexican Rebellion in California — ^The Troops Entirely Sup- ported by the Missions — ^Willingness of the Fathers — For- eign Trade Prohibited

vi. do College Offers to Cede Some Missions — Orizaba College Accepts — Missions Surrendered — ^The Friars Displeased with the Choice — Fr Pay^ras Reelected — No Money for Travel- ing Expenses — ^The College Offers to Cede the Missions to the Bishop — ^Vote of the Friars on the Missions to Be Ceded Orizaba College Withdraws

CHAPTER IV. South American Rebels Invade California — Patriotism of the Friars — Fr Martinez's Enthusiasm — Sol&'s Report to the Viceroy — ^The Viceroyal Government Awakens — ^Wretched Re-enforcements — Soli Distracted — Lodges "Ch6los" in Mission San Carlos — Fr Sarri&'s Grief — ^Viceroy Venadito Reproaches the Settlers — ^The Missions the Mainstay — Their Contributions — Fr Martinez Surprises the Governor — Soli Sends an Agent to Mexico — Fr Guardian L6pez's Urgent Appeal

CHAPTER V. Fr Pay^ras's Encouraging Circular — Zealous Disposition of the Friars — ^Mission Statistics — Mission Products — Inso- lence of the Soldiers — Helplessness of the Missionaries and Their Neophytes — Kotzebue and Russians at San Francisco — His Strictures — Fr Pay^ras Elected Comisario-Prefecto — Fr Cort&'s News — Fr Gruardian's Circular — His Com- mands Regarding "Carriages." — The Question Ventilated — Fr Pay^ras's Sensible Decision TJ CHAPTER VI Happenings in Mexico — ^The Spanish C6rtes — Its Political Di- visions — Secularization Decree — Leyes de la Reforma — King Ferdinand VII Signs for Fear of Death — Effect in Mexico — How the Franciscans in Mexico and California Re- ceived the News — The Fr Guardian's Instructions — Fr Paycras Informs Gov Soli and the Bishop — Fr Payiras's Beautiful Circular — Gov Soli to Fr Paycras — Bishop Bernardo to Fr Payiras — Fr Sinchez's Sentiments — Con- stitution to be Promulgated — ^Fr Seftan's Instructions — Fr Martinez on the Catecismo Politico

vii. CHAPTER VII Mexico Independent — Religious Orders in Mexico — ^The Sit- uation at the College — Soli Turns Against the Fathers — His Strange Demands — Fr Pay6ras Appeals to the College — He Explains the Position of the Missionaries — ^Their Work and Sacrifices for the Indians — ^Their Sacrifices for the Troops — Funds of the Missions — Why the Fathers Contin- ued in Charge — Their Sincerity — Bancroft's Insincerity — Soli Excused

CHAPTER VIII. The Missions Supporting the Military — Fr Pay^ras's Circu- lars — Fr Cortes Vainly Tries to Cash Drafts — Fathers Catali and Viader Remonstrate — Contributions of Santa Clara — ^Demand of the Comandante of San Diego — Fr Gil's Touching Appeal — ^The California Settlers and Their Char- acteristics — Dramshops at Santa Barbara — Missions Exempt from Taxation — Governor Soli — Insists on Taxing the Neo- phytes — Spanish Laws Concerning Indian Converts — Prac- tice of Spanish Monarchs — Soli's High-handed Commands — Injustice of His Proceedings

CHAPTER IX. Zeal of the Fathers — Expedition of Fathers Pay^ras and Sin- chez — Expedition of Captain Luis Arguello — Fr Ordaz its Chronicler — ^The Regency in Mexico — Council at Monterey — Oath of Allegiance — First General Election — Soli Elected Delegate to Mexico — ^Arrival of Comisionado Fernindez — Council at Monterey — Fernindez's Five Propositions — Fer- nindez and Fr Pay^ras Visit the Russian Fort — Expedition Described — Election of the First Legislature — Luis Arguello Elected Temporary Governor — Fr Pay^ras to Emperor Iturbide — Fernindez and Soli Depart — Iturbide Deposed and Shot — Bancroft on Soli

ix. His Absnrd Report — ^Fr Arroyo to Herrera.— Numeroos Baptisms.-^orrespondence of Fr Ibirra with De la Guerra and Carrillo — Situation at Mission San Fernando

CHAPTER XIV. Fr Ib&rra's Plain Language Concerning the Soldiers — Indig- nant Fr Martinez Takes Steps to Protect Himself — Hittell's Misrepresentation — ^Alvarado's Silly Story — Fr Martinez Caustic — Intolerable Conditions.— -Fr Peiri Disgusted — Echeandia Equalizes Mission Taxes — ^His Sentiments Re- garding the Missionaries — Missions Mulcted — Cause of Mili- tary Destitution — Oath of Allegiance — Mission Lands Cov- eted.— Echeandia Emancipates Some Indians — Results — Missions Decay — Echeandia Orders Schools Opened

CHAPTER XV. The Franciscans and the Oath of Allegiance — Fr Sarri4's Cir- cular — Fr Sarrii to Be Banished — ^Absurd Charges Against Fr Martinez — Some Stipends Paid — Fr Jos6 Sinchez Ap- pointed Presidente.— His Consternation — ^Fr Durin Con- soles Him — ^Politics in California — ^Politicians in Mexico — California a Penal Colony — Sensational Flight of Fathers Ripoll and Altimira — ^Unfounded Charges

CHAPTER XVI. Spying on Missionaries — Result — ^The Friars Necessary for the Welfare of the Territory — Beechey's Opinion — Fr Martinez Asks and Receives Passport — Numerous Conversions — Beechey's Description of Mission Methods — Mexico Decrees Expulsion of All Spaniards — ^The College of San Fernando on Verge of Extinction — Fr Arreguin — Mission Funds — The Fathers Refuse to Swear Allegiance — Echeandia's Ex- cuse for Inaction — List of Missionaries and Their Condi- tion — Echeandia Pleads for Them — Another Decree of Ex- pulsion — ^Action of the Town Councils of San Jos^ and Mon- terey — ^Fathers Demand Their Passports

X. Paffe Arrested — Imprisoned — Echeandia's Motives — Fr Sarrii's Defense of Fr Martinez — Sad State of the Missions — Echeandia's Hypocrisy — His Impertinence — Rebuked — Shameless Treatment of Fr Martinez — Mrs Ord's Narrative

CHAPTER XVIII. (Continued.) Echeandia Tries to Find Evidence Against Fr Martinez — ^Let- ters of Fathers Juan and Pedro Cabot — Fr Martinez's De- fence and Protest — ^A Farcical Court-Martial — Officers Com- posing the Court — Echeandia's Instructions — Fr Martinez Banished — ^Vallejo's Calumnies — ^Attitude of the Mission- aries — The Indians — Revolt in the North — Change of Presi- dente of the Missions

Section. IL CHAPTER L A Summary — Position of the Missionary Fathers in Califor- nia — ^They Pacify the Savages and Secure the Territory — Wanted no Compensation but Freedom of Action — ^They Support the Territorial Government and Troops — ^Indebt- edness of the Californians to the Missions — Ingratitude of the Paisanos — ^Their Religious Indifference — Fr Viader's Complaint — Motive of the Paisano Hostility — Echeandia Proposes the Confiscation of the Mission Property — ^Mean- ing of the Decree of 1813 — Real Motive Again — Echeandia's Plan Adopted by the California Assembly; Rejected in Mex- ico — A Ridiculous Project — Schools — ^Why They Failed

CHAPTER II. President Bustamante to Fr Dur&n — Reply — ^The Missionaries Illtreated — Indians Oppressed by the Troops — Insecurity of the Territory — Missionaries Threatened — Fr Martinez Shamelessly Arrested at San Luis Obispo — Outrageously Treated at Santa Barbara — Farcical Court-Martial — Echean- dia's Despotism — Missionaries Falsely Accused — ^Appeal for Protection to the President — ^Another Letter from Busta- mante — Lengthy Reply — Stipends not Wanted Unless the Troops Are First Paid — ^Neophytes Still Backward — ^A Way out of the Difficulty — Commerce — Propositions — Good Will of the Bustamante Administration

xi. « CHAPTER III Page Echeandia Removed — ^Manael Victoria Appointed — Echean- dia's Trickery — He Proclaims the "Secularization'* of the Missions — ^Bancroft on the Young Califomians and on Echeandia's Action — EfiForts of the Califomians to Seduce the Indians — Bancroft on Echeandia's Scheme — ^Victoria Revokes Echeandia's Decree — ^Victoria and Padres — ^Victoria Exonerates the Missionaries — Religious Principles of the Young Califomians — Victoria Accuses Padres of Treason — Rage of Padr6s and His Young Partisans — ^Victoria En- deavors to Restore Order — Sends Padr6s out of the Country — Hittell and Bancroft on Gov Victoria

CHAPTER IV. Real Motive of Opposition to Victoria — Pronunciamento of the Conspirators — ^Victoria Goes to Meet Them — His Impru- dence — His Fearlessness — Dangerously Wounded — Resigns and Departs — Echeandia Again — ^The Legislative Assembly — ^Three Governors at Once, then Two — ^Two Memorials — Grandiloquent Vallejo — ^The Bustamante Administration — Views of the Missionaries Demanded — Replies of Fathers Cabot, Jimeno, and Sinchez — Fr Sarrii's Letter — Bancroft on Fr Durin's Commentaries ,

CHAPTER V. Fr Durin's Magnificent Exposure of the Confiscation Scheme — Neophytes in the Position of Children Under Age — Echeandia Misconstmes Law of September 13th, 1813 — Failure of Emancipation — ^Neophytes Not Forced into Sub- jection; Not Discontented — Missionaries Loyal — Law of September 1813 Abused — Indians Not Freed — ^Unjust Dis- tribution of Lands in Spite of Law of January 4th, 1813 — Neophytes Robbed — At the Mercy of Speculators

CHAPTER VI. (Fr Durin's Notes Continued.) Disregard for the Law of 1813 — Indians Overtaxed — Salaried Officials to Replace Unsalaried Missionaries — Indians Bur- dened to Ease White People — Indians the Packmules and Scapegoats — ^Talk of Schools Mere Claptrap — Epilogrue — Real Aims of the Mission Enemies — ^Victoria Defender of Indian Rights and Property