CONTENTS PART ONE THE GARDEN OF DELIGHT Evolution of the Shakespeare Garden 3 I. The Medieval Pleasance 3 II. Garden of Delight 11 III. The Italian Renaissance Garden 15 IV. Bagh-i-Vafa 19 V. New Fad for Flowers 21 VI. Tudor Gardens 25 VII. Garden Pleasures 29 The Curious Knotted Garden 31 I. Flower Lovers and Herbalists 31 II. The Elizabethan Garden 40 III. Old Garden Authors 68 IV. "Outlandish" and English Flowers 78 PART TWO THE FLOWERS OF SHAKESPEARE Spring : "The Sweet o' the Year" 93 I. Primroses, Cowslips, and Oxlips 93 II. "Daffodils That Come Before the Swallow Dares" 109 III. "Daisies Pied and Violets Blue" 118 IV. "Lady-smocks All Silver White" and "Cuckoo-buds of Every Yellow Hue" 130 V. Anemones and "Azured Harebells" 133 VI. Columbine and Broom-flower 137 Summer: "Sweet Summer Buds" 145 I. "Morning Roses Newly Washed with Dew" 145 II. "Lilies of All Kinds" 160 III. Crown-Imperial and Flower-de-Luce 167 IV. Fern and Honeysuckle 175 V. Carnations and Gilliflowers 181 VI. Marigold and Larkspur 189 VII. Pansies for Thoughts and Poppies for Dreams 200 VIII. Crow-flowers and Long Purples 207 IX. Saffron Crocus and Cuckoo-flowers . 210 X. Pomegranate and Myrtle 215 Autumn: "Herbs of Grace" and "Drams of Poison" 224 I. Rosemary and Rue 224 II. Lavender, Mints, and Fennel 231 III. Sweet Marjoram, Thyme, and Savory 236 IV. Sweet Balm and Camomile 243 V. Dian's Bud and Monk's-hood Blue 246 Winter: "When Icicles Hano by the Wall" 253 I. Holly and Ivy 253 II. Mistletoe and Box 261 PART THREE PRACTICAL SUGGESTIONS The Lay-out of Stately and Small Formal Gardens 269 I. The Stately Garden 271 II. The Small Garden 276 III. Soil and Seed 278 IV. The Gateway 280 V. The Garden House 281 VI. The Mount 282 VII. Rustic Arches 282 VIII. Scats 284 IX. Vases, Jars, and Tubs 284 X. Fountains 285 XI. The Dove-cote 287 XII. The Sun-dial 288 XIII. The Terrace 289 XIV. The Pleached Alley 292 XV. Hedges 293 XVI. Paths 294 XVII. Borders 295 XVIII. Edgings 297 XIX. Knots 298 XX. The Rock Garden 302 XXI. Flowers 302 XXII. Potpourri 324 A Maske of Flowers 325 Complete List of Shakespearean Flowers with Botanical Identifications 331 Appendix 333 Elizabethan Gardens at Shakespeare's Birthplace 333 Index 347 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ILLUSTRATIONS FACING PAGE Stratford-upon-Avon, New Place, Border of Annuals Frontispiece Fifteenth Century Garden within Castle Walls, French 8 Lovers in the Castle Garden, Fifteenth Century MS 17 Garden of Delight, Romaunt of the Rose, Fifteenth Century 17 Babar's Garden of Fidelity 20 Italian Renaissance Garden, Villa Giusti, Verona 29 John Gerard, Lobel and Parkinson 32 Nicholas Leate 36 The Knot-Garden, New Place, Stratford-upon-Avon 45 Typical Garden of Shakespeare's Time, Crispin de Passe (1614) 56 Labyrinth, Vrcdcman dc Vries 64 A Curious Knotted Garden, Crispin de Passe (1614) 64 The Knot-Garden, New Place, Stratford-upon-Avon 72 Border, New Place, Stratford-upon-Avon 81 Herbaceous Border, New Place, Stratford-upon-Avon 88 Carnations and Gilliflowers ; Primroses and Cowslips ; and Daffodils: from Parkinson 97 Gardeners at Work, Sixteenth Century 112 Garden Pleasures, Sixteenth Century 112 Garden in Macbcth's Castle of Cawdor 116 Shakespeare's Birthplace, Stratford-upon-Avon 125 Elizabethan Manor House, Haddon Hall 136 Rose Arbor, Warley, England 145 Red, White, Damask and Musk-Roses ; Lilies and Eglantines and Dog-Roses : from Parkinson 160 Martagon Lilies, Warley, England 168 Wilton Gardens from de Cauz 176 Wilton Gardens To-day 176 A Garden of Delight 184 Sir Thomas More's Gardens, Chelsea 193 Pleaching and Plashing, from The Gardener's Labyrinth 209 Small Enclosed Garden, from The Gardener's Labyrinth 209 A Curious Knotted Garden, Vredeman de Vries 224 Garden with Arbors, Vredeman de Vries 224 Shakespeare Garden, Van Cortlandt House Museum, Van Cortlandt Park, Colonial Dames of the State of New York 241 Tudor Manor House with Modern Arrangement of Gardens 256 Garden House in Old English Garden 272 Fountains, Sixteenth Century 289 Sunken Gardens, Sunderland Hall, with Unusual Treatment of Hedges 304 Knots from Markham 321 Simple Garden Beds 321 Digitized by Google.

Illustrated t.-p

pt. 1. The Garden of delight.--pt. 2. The flowers of Shakespeare.--pt. 3. Practical suggestions

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