VOLUME 2 CONTENTS VII. THE PATRON SAINTS OF CHRISTENDOM St. Geohge of Cappadocia. The Legend. — The Great Martyr. — Devotional Figures. — St. George and the Dragon. — Historical Subjects from his Life 391 St. Sebastian. The Legend of Marcus and Marcellinus. — As Patron Saint against the Plague. — Devotional Figures. — Italian, Spanish, and German Representations. — The Martyrdom of St. Sebastian : Various Examples. — St. Sebastian recalled to Life : How represented 404 St. Roch. The Legend. — Unknown in Greek Art. — Devotional Figures. — Separate Pictures from his Life and History 419 St. Cosmo and St. Damian. The Legend. — Always represented together. — Old Mosaics. — As Patron Saints of the Medici Family. — Miracles of St. Cosmo and St. Damian represented in Pictures 426 St. Christopher. His Legend a Religious Parable. — Virtues attributed to the Effigies of St. Christopher. — Various Examples of the Religious Representation. — Examples which must be considered exceptional. — The History of St. Christopher in a Series of Subjects 432 St. Nicholas of Myra. The Saint of the People, and Protector of the Weak against the Strong. — Universally worshipped in the East and in the West. — The Legend. — Translation 'of his Relics from Asia Minor to Italy. — Devotional Figures of St. Nicholas. — Attributes. — Scenes from his Life. — Miracles and Parables relating to St. Nicholas as represented in Pictures 444 VIII. THE VIRGIN PATRONESSES St. Catherine of Alexandria. The Legend. — Hypatia of Alexandria. — Devotional Figures of St. Catherine : as Patron Saint and Martyr ; Various Examples from the Earliest to the Latest Schools. — The Marriage of St. Catherine, a strictly Devotional Subject : How represented by various Painters. — Incidents in the Life of St. Catherine historically treated. — St. Catherine buried by Angels 459 St. Barbara. The Legend. — Attributes of St. Barbara as Patron Saint. — As Patroness of Fire Arms. — Historical Pictures of St. Barbara : On Guns and Shields ; On the Armor of Henry VIII. in the Tower 483 St. Ursula. Antiquity of this wild Legend ; Supposed Origin ; The Cologne Version. — Devotional Figures and Attributes as Patron Saint of Young Girls. — Separate Subjects from her Life. — Her whole History as painted by Carpaccio ; as painted by Hans Memling 491 St. Margaret. Character and Legend. — How represented. — Her Attribute the Dragon. — Examples of St. Margaret as Patron Saint. — Historical Pictures of St. Margaret 506 IX. THE EARLY MARTYRS Reverence due to the Early Martyrs and to their Effigies; Opinion 6i Dr. Arnold. — The Ten Persecutions. — The beatified Martyrs early introduced into Church Decoration. — Examples at Ravenna and at Rome 512 The Innocents. How treated in Art 519 St. Stephen. Scriptural History. — The Legend of the Discovery of his Relics. — Devotional Figures ; as Proto-Martyr or Deacon. — The Martyrdom of St. Stephen. — The Life of St. Stephen, in a Series of Subjects by Fra Angelico ; by Carpaccio ; by Juan Juanes 520 St. Laurence. The Legend; one of the most important and authentic in the main Circumstances. — Devotional Figures of St. Laurence. — The Gridiron. — Subjects from his Life, by Angelico ; Frescoes in the Basilica of San Lorenzo. — The Legend of St. Laurence and Henry II 528 St. Hippolytus. Tied to Wild Horses 536 St. Vincent. Popularity and Antiquity of the Legend. — How represented. — Beautiful Devotional Figures, by Palma and Luini. — Subjects from his Life 538 St. Vitus 543 X. THE GREEK MARTYRS St. Thecla. The Greek Legend of Paul and Thecla. — How represented in Western Art 545 St. Euphemia of Chalcedonia. Antiquity of the Legend, and of the Representation 548 St. Perpetua. Not represented in Art 552 St. Phocas of Sinope. The Legend. — Peculiar to Greek Art 654 St. Pantaleon of Nicomedia. Popular at Venice. — The Legend. — How represented by Paul Veronese and others 555 St. Dorothea of Cappadocia. The Greek Legend; its Beauty and Antiquity. — How represented. — Martyrdom of St. Dorothea. — Massinger's "The Virgin Martyr." 557 St. Cyprian and St. Justina of Antioch. The Legend; Its Beauty and Significance. — How represented. — Donna Laura of Ferrara in the Character of St. Justina 561 St. Apollonia of Alexandria. The Legend. — Popular in Devotional Pictures. — How represented. — Subjects from her Life 565 The Seven Sleepers of Ephesus. The Legend. — Frequent in Ecclesiastical Decoration 568 XI. THE LATIN MARTYRS The Four Great Virgins of the Latin Church St. Cecilia. Her husband, St. Valerian. — The Legend. — The Shrine and Statue in her Church at Rome. — Oldest Representations. — Figure by Cimabue. — The Musical Attributes. — Figures of St. Cecilia by Raphael, Moretto, Domenichino, and others. — Scenes and Incidents from her Life 571 St. Agnes. The ancient Roman Legend. — Attributes and Effigies of St. Agnes. — Martyrdom. — Scenes from her Life 586 St. Agatha. The Sicilian Legend. — Attributes and Effigies. — As Patroness of Malta. — Martyrdom. — Healed by St. Peter 594 St. Lucia. The Sicilian Legend. — Significance of the Name and Attributes : The Eyes ; The Lamp ; The Poniard. — Scenes from her history 599 The individual Character and Expression proper to the Four Great Virgins 604 XII. THE ROMAN MARTYRS The Old Churches of Rome 605 St. Praxedes and St, Pudentiana 606 The "Quattro Coronati" 608 St. Clement. Antiquity of his Church and Legend. — Legend of his Shrine amid the Waves 610 St. Bibiana 612 St. John and St. Paul, Brothers 613 St. Nereus and St. Achilleus 614 St. Cesareo 614 St. Balbina 614 St. Sabina 615 St. Prisca 615 St. Peter and St. Marcellinus 616 St. Aglae and St. Boniface 617 St. Alexis 617 St. Martina 622 St. Anastasia and St. Chrysogonus 623 St. Pancras 624 St. Susanna 625 St. Chrysanthus and St. Daria 625 St. Eugenia 626 St. Felicitas and her Seven Sons 626 St. Veronica 630 XIII. MARTYRS OF TUSCANY, LOMBARDY, SPAIN, AND FRANCE St. Reparata of Florence 633 St. Verdiana and St. Miniato of Florence 634 St. Ansano of Siena 635 St. Fina of San Gemignano 636 St. Torpe, St. Ephesus, and St. Potitus of Pisa 637 St. Julian of Rimini 639 St. Gervasius and St. Protasius of Milan, and their Father, St. Vitalis OF Ravenna 640 St. Nabor and St. Felix, St. Nazarius and St. Celsus Of Milan 645 St. Lupo, St. Adelaide, St. Grata, and St. Alexander Of Bergamo 647 St. Julia, St. Panacea, St. Faustino, and St. Giovita Of Brescia 648 St. Afra of Brescia, and St. Afra of Augsburg 649 St. Christina of Bolsena. The Legend. — Attributes and Effigies. — Celebrated in the Venetian Schools 651 St. Justina of Padua. The Legend. — Her magnificent Church. — Pictures of her at Venice and Padua. — Distinction between St. Justina of Padua and St. Justina of Antioch 654 St. Filomena 657 St. Omobuono of Cremona 659 St. Justa and St. Rufina of Seville 661 St. Eulalia of Merida 662 St. Leocadia of Toledo 663 St. Crispin and St. Crispianus of Soissons 664 XIV. THE EARLY BISHOPS Their Importance in ancient Ecclesiastical Art. — In the early Coinage of Italy. — Costume. — Hierarchs of Rome. — Cardinals. — Greek Bishops. — Latin Bishops 666 St. Sylvester, Pope. Legend of Pope Sylvester and the Emperor Constautine ; its Importance in Art 671 St. Ignatius Theophorus of Antioch 678 St. Blaise of Sebastb 681 St. Cyprian of Carthage 683 St. Erasmus of Formia 684 St. Apollinaris of Ravenna 685 St. Donato of Arezzo 686 St. Zenobio of Florence 687 St. Regulus and St. Frediano of Lucca 690 St. Zeno of Verona 691 St. Geminianus of Modena 691 St. Ercolano and St. Costanzo of Perugia 692 St. Petronius of Bologna 693 St. Proculus of Bologna 694 St. Mercuriale of Form 694 St. Romulo of Fiesole 694 St. Maurelio of Ferrara 695 St. Casciano of Imola 695 St. Gaudenzio of Rimini 695 St. Siro of Pa via 695 St. Abbondio of Como 695 St. Hilary of Parma 695 St. Januarius of Naples 696 XV. FRENCH BISHOPS St. Denis of France. The French Legend, which confounds him with Dionysius the Areopagite. — How represented in French and Italian Works of Art. — Subjects from his Life 698 Other headless Bishops : St. Cheron ; St. Clair ; St. Nicaise ; St. Valerie and St. Martial ; St. Romain 703 St. Martin of Tours. Importance and Popiilarity of his History and Legend. — St. Martin dividing his Cloak, called the "Charity of St. Martin." — Other Scenes from his Life 705 St. Eloy of Noyon. A famous Goldsmith and Farrier. — The Legend universally popular. — Pictures and Statues of St. Eloy 712 St. Lambert of Maestricht 715 St. Hubert of Liege. The Hunter. — Legend of the Miralculous Stag. — Subjects from his Life 716 Spanish Bishops. St. Leander and St. Isidore. — Legend of Hermengildus 719 XVI. THE HERMIT SAINTS Hermits of the East. Antiquity and Interest of the Hermit Legends 722 St. Anthony and St. Paul. The Temptation of St. Anthony 724 St. Onofrio 738 St. Ephrem 739 St. Hilarion, as represented in the Campo Santo at Pisa, and elsewhere 740 St. Macarius 741 St. Marina 741 Hermits of the West: — St. Ranieri 743 St. Julian Hospitatob 745 St. Leonard 749 St. Giles 751 St. Procopius 754 St. Genevieve of Paris 755 St. Isidore, the Laborer 759 St. Gudula of Brussels 760 XVII. THE WARRIOR SAINTS OF CHRISTENDOM Beauty and Importance of the Figures of the Military Martyrs. — Legend of St. Mercurius and Julian the Apostate 762 St. Theodore, and other Greek Warriors, as grouped in Ancient Art 764 St. Maurice, and the Theban Legion. — The Legend; Its importance as a Subject of Art through the North of Italy 766 St. Gereon, St. Secundus, St. Alexander, and others of the Companions of St. Maurice 768 St. Longinus, the Centurion 770 St. Victor of Marseilles and St. Victor of Milan 773 St. Eustace 774 St. Quirinus 776 St. Florian 776 St. Hippolytus 777 St. Proculus 777 St. Quintin 778 St. Adrian and St. Natalia 779 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS St. George (Albert Diirer) 395 St. George (Donatello). Or San Michele, Florence 397 St. Sebastian (Guido Reni). Capitol Gallery, Rome 409 St. Sebastian (Albert Diirer) 410 St. Sebastian (Mantegna). Belvedere, Vienna, 411 Martyrdom of St. Sebastian (PoUajuolo). National Gallery, London 415 St. Roch (Flandrin) 423 SS. Cosmo and Damian (Bicci di Lorenzo). Uffizi, Florence 429 Martyrdom of SS. Cosmo and Damian (Pesellino). Florence 431 St. Christopher (Titian). Ducal Palace, Venice 438 St. Christopher (Albert Diirer) 439 St. Christopher (Early German) 440 St. Christopher (Lucas van Leyden) 442 Charity of St. Nicholas (Angelico). Vatican Gallery, Rome 453 St. Nicholas (Lorenzo di Credi). From Madonna and Saints, Louvre, Paris 456 St. Catherine (Luini). Hermitage, St. Petersburg 469 St. Catherine (Botticelli). From Madonna and Saints, Florence Academy 471 St. Catherine (Lucas van Leyden) 473 Marriage of St. Catherine (Correggio). Louvre, Paris, Facing 476 St. Catherine disputing with the Philosophers (Masolino). San Clemente, Rome 478 St. Catherine borne by the Angels (Luini). Brera, Milan 480 St. Barbara (Palma). S. Maria Formosa, Venice 485 St. Barbara (Holbein). Munich Gallery 486 St. Barbara (Cosimo Roselli). Florence Academy 487 St. Barbara (Van Eyck). Antwerp Gallery 488 St. Ursula (attributed to Stephen Lothener). From the Altar-piece, Cologne Cathedral 501 St. Ursula (Memling). From Shrine of St. Ursula, Bruges 502 St. Margaret (Raphael). Louvre, Paris facing 508 St. Stephen (Martin Schoen) 523 Martyrdom of St. Stephen (Giulio Romano). Genoa 524 St. Stephen Preaching (Angelico). Chapel of Nicholas V., Rome 526 St. Laurence (Martin Schoen) 533 St. Laurence distributing Alms (Angelico). Chapel of Nicholas v., Rome facing 534 St. Vincent (Pollajuolo). Uffizi, Florence 542 St. Euphemia (Mosaic). S. Euphemia, Rome 650 St. Euphemia (attributed to Mantegna) Naples 552 St. Dorothea 559 St. Justina and Alphonso 1. (Moretto). Belvedere, Vienna facing 564 St. Apollonia (Carlo Dolci). Corsini Gallery, Rome 567 St. Cecilia (Donatello). Florence 573 Shrine of St. Cecilia (Maderno). Church of St. Cecilia, Rome 576 St. Cecilia (Raphael). Bologna Gallery 579 St. Cecilia and St. Catherine (Campi). Cremona 581 St. Agnes (Martin Schoen) 587 St. Agnes (Mosaic) 591 St. Agnes (Andrea del Sarto). Duomo, Pisa 592 St. Lucia (Luini) 600 St. Lucia (Giovanni della Robbia). St. Lucia, Florence 603 St. Martina (Menghino). Church of S. Martina, Rome 622 St. Felicitk and her Seven Sous (S. Clemente). Rome 628 St. Veronica (Memling). Bruges 631 St. Reparata (Niccol6 d* Arezzo). Florence 633 St. Gregory announcing to St. Fina her approaching death. (Ghirlandajo). San Gemignano 636 St. Julian (Lorenzo di Credi). From Madonna and Saints, Louvre, Paris 639 St. Gervasius (Mosaic). S. Ambrogio, Milan 641 St. Protasius (Mosaic). S. Ambrogio, Milan 641 SS. Nazarius and Celsus (G. B. Campi) 646 St. Justa and St. Rufina (Murillo). Seville 661 St. Constantine (Antique Sculpture), Church of St. John Lateran, Rome 675 Martyrdom of St. Ignatius (Greek MS.) 679 St. Blaise (Bonsignori) 683 St. Zenobio restoring the dead Child (Masaccio) 689 St. Petronius (Michael Angelo). S. Domenico, Bologna 693 St. Martin (Maxtin Schoen) 710 St. Eloy (attributed to Nanni di Banco). Or San Michele, Florence 714 Conversion of St. Hubert (Albert Diirer) facing 718 St. Anthony (Albert Durer) 734 Temptation of St. Anthony (Martin Schoen) 736 Hermits of the Desert (Lorenzetti). Campo Santo, Pisa. facing 740 Hospitality of St. Julian (AUori). Pitti, Florence 747 St. Giles (Early Flemish School). Collection of the Earl of Northbrook 753 The Risen Christ between St. Andrew and St. Longinus (Mantegna) 772 St. Eustace (PoUajuolo). Uflftzi, Florence 775 St. Proculus (Lorenzo Monaco). From Altar-piece, Florence Academy 778 Digitized by Google. 

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