VOLUME 1 CONTENTS Authorities referred to by toe Author and by theEditor xxiii Memoir of Mrs. Jameson xxvii Chronological List of Mrs. Jameson's Works xlv I. INTRODUCTION 1. Of the Origin and General Significance of the Legends represented in Art 1 II. Of the Distinction to be drawn between the Devotional and the Historical Subjects 10 III. Of Certain Patron Saints who are commonly grouped together in Works of Art, or who belong TO particular Countries, Cities, or Localities 17 IV. Of Certain Emblems and Attributes 22 V. Of the Significance of Colors 34 II. OF ANGELS AND ARCHANGELS I. Angels. Antiquity of the Belief in Angels. — Early Notions respecting them. — How represented in the Old Testament; in the New Testament. — Angelic Hierarchies. — The Nine Choirs. — Seraphim, Cherubim. — General Characteristics in Painting. — Infant Angels. — Wings. — Angels of Dante. — Angels as Messengers, Choristers, Guardians ; as Ministers of Wrath ; as Agents in the Creation. — Manner in which the principal Painters have set forth the Angelic Forms and Attributes 37 II. Archangels. The Seven Archangels. — The Four Archangels. — The Three Archangels 83 St. Michael 89 St. Gabriel 111 St. Raphael 118 Additional Notes on Angels 123 III. THE FOUR EVANGELISTS The Earliest Types : as Four Books ; as Four Rivers ; as the Four Mysterious Creatures ; the Human and Animal Forms combined ; with Wings; as Men 124 St. Matthew. His Legend. — His Atttributes. — Pictures from his Life not common 134 St. Mark. His legend. — Devotional Pictures : as Evangelist ; as the Disciple of Peter ; as the Patron Saint of Venice. — The Legend of the Fisherman. — The Legend of the Christian Slave. — The Translation of the Body of St. Mark 139 St. Luke. His Legend. — Devotional Figures. — Attributes : as Evangelist and Painter. — St. Luke painting the Virgin 147 St. John. His Legend. — Devotional Pictures : as Evangelist ; as Apostle ; as Prophet. — Subjects from his Life. — Legend of St. John and the Robber ; of the two Young Men ; of Drusiana ; of the Huntsman and the Partridge. — The Martyrdom of St. John. — Legend of the Death of St. John. — Legend of Galla Placidia; of King Edward the Confessor 150 The Six Writers of the Canonical Epistles, as a Series 165 IV. THE TWELVE APOSTLES Ancient Types : as Twelve Sheep ; as Twelve Doves ; as Twelve Men. — How groujied in Ecclesiastical Decoration. — In the old Mosaics ; their proper place. — Examples from various Painters. — Historical Subjects relating to the Twelve Apostles : the Pentecost ; the Separation of the Twelve Apostles to preach the Gospel ; the Twelve Baptisms ; the Twelve Martyrdoms 167 St. Peter and St. Paul. The Ancient Greek Types. — Examples of the early Treatment of these two Apostles : in the old Mosaics ; in early Sculpture ; in Pictures 179 St. Peter. His peculiar Attributes: as Apostle and Patron Saint; as the Head and Founder of the Roman Church ; as Pope. — Subjects from the Scriptural Life of St. Peter. — legendary Stories connected with St. Peter : the Legend of Simon Magus ; of the "Domine, quo vadis?" of Processus and Martinian. — The Martyrdom of St. Peter. — St. Peter as Keeper of the Gates of Paradise. — The Legend of St. Petronilla. — The Life of St. Peter in a Series of Subjects 186 St. Paul. Earliest Type. — Attributes of St. Paul: the Sword. — Subjects from his Life. — Stoning of Stephen. — Conversion of St. Paul. — The Vision of St. Paul. — Miracles of St. Paul. — His Martyrdom. — The legend of Plautilla. — The Life of St. Paul in a Series of Subjects 207 St. Andrew. The Legend. — Attributes. — Historical Subjects from the Life of St. Andrew. — Flagellation. — Adoration of the Cross. — Martyrdom as represented by Guido, Domenichino, and Murillo 221 St. James the Great. Story and Character as represented in Scripture. — St. James as Patron of Spain. — The Legend of Santiago. — The Battle of Clavijo. — The Pilgrims of Compostella. — The Devotional Figures and Attributes of St. James the Apostle. — As Tutelar Saint of Spain. — Pictures from his Legend 225 St. Philip. — The Legend of the Idol and the Serpent. — Devotional Pictures and Attributes. — Subjects from his legend. — Distinction between St. Philip the Apostle and St. Philip the Deacon 235 St. Bartholomew. The Legend. — The Attributes. — Martyrdom 237 St. Thomas. Origin of his peculiar Attribute. — The Legend of King Gondoforus. — The Incredulity of St. Thomas. — The Legend of the "Madonna della Cintola." — Martyrdom of St. Thomas 239 St. James Minor. First Bishop of Jerusalem. — Attributes. — Resemblance to Christ. — Subjects from his Life. — Martyrdom. — Frescoes at Padua 244 St. Simon Zelotes and St. Jude. Legend and Attributes. — Represented as Children 246 St. Matthias. Attributes 248 Judas Iscariot. Scriptural Character. — Legends relating to him. — How represented in various Subjects 249 The Last Supper. Its Importance as a Sacred Subject. — Devotional when it represents the Institution of the Eucharist. — Historical when it represents the Detection of Judas. — Various examples : Giotto ; Duccio of Siena; Angelico da Fiesole ; Luca Siguorelli ; Ghirlandajo ; Albert Diirer ; Leonardo da Vinci ; Raphael ; Andrea del Sarto ; Titian ; Poussin 254 Faults and Mistakes committed by Painters in representing THE Last Supper 267 St. Barnabas. His Legend. — Popular at Venice as Kinsman of St. Mark. — Represented with the (lospel of St. Matthew 272 V. THE DOCTORS OF THE CHURCH I. The Four Latin Fathers. Their particular Attributes. — Their proper place in Ecclesiastical Decoration. Subjects in which they are introduced together 274 St. Jerome. History and Character. — Influence over the Roman Women. — Origin of his Attributes — legend of the Wounded Lion. — Devotional Figures of St. Jerome : as Patron Saint ; as Translator of the Scriptures ; as Penitent. — Subjects from the Life of St. Jerome. — The Communion of St. Jerome 280 St. Ambrose. Story and Character of St. Ambrose. — The Emperor Theodosius. — The Discovery of the Martyrs St. Protasius and St. Gervasius. — Legends relating to St. Ambrose : The Prefect Macedonius ; The Nobleman of Tuscany. — Devotional Figures of St. Ambrose. — His j)eculiar Attributes. — His Church at Milan ; his Life as represented on the Altar. — Statue of St. Ambrose 295 St. Augustine. Character of St. Augustine. — His Shrine at Pavia, and Basso-relievos representing his Life. — Devotional Figures of St. Augustine. — Represented with his Mother, Monica. — Various Subjects from his Life. — The Vision of St. Augustine 303 St. Gregory. His Story and Character. — His Popularity. — Legends connected with his Life; Origin of his Attribute, the Dove ; the Supper of St. Gregory ; the Mass of St. Gregory ; tlie Miracle of the Brandeum ; St. Gregory releases the Soul of the Emperor Trajan ; the Legend as rei)resented in Pictures ; the Legend of the Monk. — St. Gregory's Doctrine of Purgatory. — How represented 311 II. The Four Greek Fathers. How represented in the Greek Pictures, and by the Latin Artists 320 St. John Chrysostom. Singular Legends with regard to him. — The Penance of St. Chrysostoni : as represented in the Grerman Prints ; by Lucas Cranach ; by Beham ; by Albert Diii'er 321 St. Basil the Great. His Character. — How represented. — Story of the Emperor Valens. — legends which refer to St. Basil 331 St. Athanasius. How represented. — Unpopular as a Subject of Art 334 St. Gregory Nazianzen. His History and Character. — His celebrity as a Poet. — Beautiful Miniatures relative to his Life 335 St. Cyril. How represented 337 VI. ST. MARY MAGDALENE, ST. MARTHA, ST. LAZARUS, ST. MAXtMIX, ST. MARCELLA, ST. MARY OF EGYPT, AND THE BEATIFIED PENITENTS St. Mary Magdalene. Her Character. — Disputes concerning her Identity. — The Popular and Scriptural Legend. — The old Provencal Legend. — The Devotional Representations : as Patron Saint ; as Penitent. — Sacred Subjects in which she is introduced. — Legendary Subjects. — La Danse de la Madeleine. — The Assumption of the Magdalene. — The Legend of the Mother and Child. — Her Life in a series of Subjects. — Legends of Mary Magdalene and St. John the Evangelist 339 St. Martha. Her Character. — Legends of St. Martha. — How represented. — Where introduced 376 St. Lazarus 378 St. Mary of Egypt. The Legend. — Distinction between St. Mary of Egypt and Mary Magdalene. — Proper Attributes of Mary of Egypt. — Stories and Pictures from her Life 379 Mary the Penitent. Not to be confounded with Mary of Egypt. — Her Story. — Landscapes of Philippe de Champagne 384 St. Thais and St. Pelaoia 387 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Portrait of Mrs. Jameson Frontispiece Crosses 25 Crowns 29 Palms 30 Cherubs (Pinturicchio) 42 Part of a Glory of Angels from the Coronation of the Virgin (Ambrogio Borgognone). S. Simpliciano, Milan 44 Assyrian Winged Genius 47 Cherub (from early MS.) 49 Angel (Bellini). From Frari Madonna, Church of Frari, Venice 52 Angel (Melozzo da Forli). Vatican, Rome 53 Angel (Melozzo da Forli). Vatican, Rome 55 Angel bearing the Moon (Greek, twelfth century) 57 Expulsion from Paradise (Bas-relief, Orvieto) 59 Angels visiting Abraham (Raphael). Loggie, Vatican 63 Diagram of chapel, Riccardi Palace, Florence 65 Angels (Martin Schoen) 69 Angels (Angelico). From Coronation, Ufiizi, Florence 71 Angels in Adoration (Granacci). Florence Academy 72 Angel (Perugino). From Assumption, Florence Academy 73 Angels (Titian). From Assumption, Venice Academy 75 Angel (Raphael). Chigi Chapel, Rome 77 Angel (Rembrandt). From Tobias and the Angel, Louvre 79 Angel (Niccol6 del Area). From Tomb of St. Dominick, Bologna 81 Archangels(Cimabue). S. Francesco, Assisi 83 Archangels (attributed to Orcagna). From Last Judgment, Campo Santo, Pisa 85 Angels (attributed to Orcagna). From Last Judgment, Campo Santo, Pisa 87 St. Michael (Angelico). From Deposition, Florence Acad- emy 95 St. Michael (Martin Schoen) 98 St. Michael and the Dragon (Raphael). Louvre 101 St. Michael and the Dragon (Guido Reni). Capuccini, Rome facing 102 St. Michael and the Dragon (Oggione). Brera, Milan 104 St. Michael as Angel of Judgment (attributed to Memling) 107 Angel Gabriel (Lorenzo Monaco). Florence Academy 114 Angel Gabriel (Stephen Lothener). Cathedral, Cologne 115 Angel Gabriel (Martin Schoen) 117 Tobias and the Angels (attributed to Botticelli). Florence Academy facing 122 St. Matthew (Mosaic). S. Pudenziana 127 St. Luke (Mosaic). S. Pudenziana 128 St. Mark (Mosaic) 128 St. John (Mosaic). S. Paolo, Rome 129 St. John (Mosaic) 129 Assyrian Symbol 130 St. Mark (Mosaic). San Marco, Rome 131 The Evangelists. S. Vitale, Ravenna 132 St. Matthew (Raphael). From Marc Antonio's engraving after Raphael's design in Hall of Pope's Pages, Vatican 135 Christ and St. Matthew (attributed to Pordenone). Dresden Gallery 138 St. Mark (Titian). From St. Mark Enthroned, S. Maria della Salute, Venice 140 St. Mark (Bartolommeo). Pitti, Florence 142 Miracle of St. Mark (Tintoretto). Venice Academy facing 146 St. John (Lucas van Leyden) 152 St. John (Raphael). From Marc Antonio's engraving after Raphael's design in Hall of Pope's Pages, Vatican 153 Twelve Apostles as Sheep (Mosaic) 167 St. Philip (Orcagna). Or San Michele, Florence 169 St. Peter (Greek type). Eleventh century 180 St. Paul (Greek type). Eleventh century 182 St. Peter (Vischer). Nuremberg 186 St Peter as Pope (Cola dell' Amatrice) 187 Repentance of St. Peter (Bas-relief, third century) 190 Repentance of St. Peter (Mosaic). S. Apollinare, Nuovo, Ravenna 191 Christ delivering Keys to St. Peter (Penigino). Sistine Chapel, Rome facing 192 Madonna and Child with Saints (Crivelli). Dudley House, London 194 St. Paul and St. Peter (Filippino Lippi). Carmine, Florence 196 Crucifixion of St. Peter (Filippino Lippi). Carmine, Florence 203 St. Peter at the Gate of Paradise (attributed to Simone Menimi). Spanish Chai)el, S. Maria Novella, Florence 204 Conversion of St. Paul (Rubens) facing 210 St. Andrew (Vischer). Nuremberg 222 St. James Major (Raphael). From Marc Antonio's engraving after Raphael's design in Hall of Pope's Pages, Vatican 231 St. James (Andrea del Sarto). Uffizi, Florence 232 St. Philip (Albert Durer) 235 St. Philip (Nanni di Banco). Or San Michele, Florence 236 St. Bartholemew (Albert Durer) 238 St. Thomas (Lucas van Leyden) 240 St. James Minor (Martin Schoen) 245 St. Matthias (Raphael). From Marc 248 The Last Supper (after Da Vinci) facing 262 The Vision of the Four Fathers (Dosso Dossi). Dresden Gallery facing 278 St. Jerome (Ghirlandajo). Ogni Santi, Florence 285 St. Jerome (Raphael). From Crucifixion, Dudley House, London 288 The Penance of St. Jerome (Albert Diirer) 289 St. Jerome and the Lion (Coll' Antonio del Fiore). Naples 292 Last Communion of St. Jerome (Domenichino). Vatican Gallery facing 292 St. Ambrose and Emperor Theodosius (Rubens). Belvedere, Vieima facing 302 St. Augustine (attributed to Filippo Lippi). Ulfizi, Florence 305 Vision of St. Augustine (Garofalo). National Gallery, London 308 St. Augustine and St. Monica (Ary Scheffer). National Gallery London 310 Miracle of St. Gregory (A. Sacchi). Vatican Gallery facing 318 The Penance of St Chrysostom (Albert Diirer) 330 Magdalene (Canota) 349 Magdalene (Lucas van Leyden) 351 Madonna with Magdalene and St. Jerome (Correggio). Parma Gallery facing 352 Magdalene (Guido Reni). Louvre, Paris 357 Noli Me Tangere (Titian). National Gallery, London facing 364 Digitized by Google. 

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