Sweating Bullets

Notes about Inventing PowerPoint

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November 13, 2020 | History

Sweating Bullets

Notes about Inventing PowerPoint

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PowerPoint was the first presentation software designed for Macintosh and Windows, received the first venture capital investment ever made by Apple, and then became the first significant acquisition ever made by Microsoft, who set up a new Graphics Business Unit in Silicon Valley to develop it further. Now, twenty-five years later, PowerPoint is installed on over one billion computers worldwide.

In this book, Robert Gaskins (who invented the idea, managed its design and development, and then headed the new Microsoft group) tells the story of its first years, recounting the perils and disasters narrowly evaded as a startup, dissecting the complexities of being the first distant development group in Microsoft, and explaining decisions and insights that enabled PowerPoint to become a lasting success well beyond its original business uses.

Publish Date
Publisher
Vinland Books
Language
English
Pages
512

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Cover of: Sweating Bullets: Notes about Inventing PowerPoint
Sweating Bullets: Notes about Inventing PowerPoint
20 April 2012, Vinland Books
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Cover of: Sweating Bullets
Sweating Bullets: Notes about Inventing PowerPoint
20 April 2012, Vinland Books
Hardcover in English
Cover of: Sweating Bullets
Sweating Bullets
2012, Vinland Books
ebook (EPUB) in English
Cover of: Sweating Bullets: Notes about Inventing PowerPoint
Sweating Bullets: Notes about Inventing PowerPoint
2012, Vinland Books
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Cover of: Sweating Bullets
Sweating Bullets
2012, Vinland Books
ebook (Kindle) in English

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Book Details


Published in

San Francisco, USA, London, UK

Table of Contents

Contents
PART I: INTRODUCTION TO POWERPOINT. 1
1. Presenting PowerPoint Page 1
2. Contemporary Evidence Page 3
3. The First Qualification of an Historian Page 4
4. Powerful Emotions Recollected in Tranquility Page 5
5. PowerPoint Has Many Fathers, Especially Three Page 7
6. All the Wizards in Order of Appearance (Division I) Page 9
7. All the Wizards in Order of Appearance (Division II) Page 13
8. Presentation Formats before PowerPoint Page 15
9. How Different Presentation Formats Were Used Page 17
PART II: PREPARING FOR POWERPOINT. 21
10. “Why Did You Pick This Idea to Work On?” Page 21
11. The Audio-Visual Industry Page 23
12. Computers and the Humanities Page 25
13. Northern Telecom Company Culture Page 28
14. How Much Pain Will They Endure? Page 30
15. The Global Presentation Grand Tour Page 32
16. Focused Prediction of New Categories Page 34
17. This Wouldn’t Make Sense with the Internet Page 35
PART III: FORETHOUGHT BEFORE POWERPOINT. 39
18. Forethought’s Earlier Idea Page 39
19. The “Lab Day” Demonstration Page 42
20. Liquidate or Restart? Page 44
21. Why Would Forethought Want to Hire Me? Page 45
22. Why Would I Want to Join Forethought? Page 47
23. Alternatives to Joining Forethought Page 49
24. The Restart Strategy: Two Parallel Paths Page 51
25. Dual Paths Reflect Dual Managers Page 53
26. To Refocus: Applications for Standard Platforms Page 56
27. The MACWARE Brand Page 57
PART IV: POWERPOINT 1.0. 61
28. The First Two-Page Description of PowerPoint Page 61
29. Enlisting Dennis Austin Page 64
30. Evaluating Microsoft Windows Before It Shipped Page 67
31. Shipping FileMaker in the Mac Doldrums of 1985 Page 70
32. Starting on PowerPoint Planning Page 72
33. But Isn’t PowerPoint Too Simple? Page 73
34. Why I Thought Many People Wanted PowerPoint Page 74
37. There Are No Successful Competitors Page 78
35. Leveraging Personal Motivations Page 75
36. Potential Customers Are Spending Heavily Now Page 77
38. Presentations Require Graphical PCs Page 79
39. Presentations Will Be One of the Largest Markets Page 81
40. This Is More Than a Replacement Market Page 83
41. The Best Feature Was Hard to Understand Page 85
42. There Is No Market Leader to Displace Page 87
43. Analyzing My Corpus of Slides from the Grand Tour Page 88
44. The Design Spec Was Vital Before the Internet Page 90
45. PowerPoint Design Beginnings Page 91
46. Initial Design: Principles Page 92
47. Initial Design: Slides Page 93
48. Initial Design: Drawing Page 95
49. Initial Design: Text Page 96
50. Initial Design: Pictures Page 98
51. Initial Design: Master Slide Page 99
52. Initial Design: Title Sorter and Slide Sorter Page 100
53. Initial Design: Slide Show Page 101
54. Initial Design: Notes and Handouts Page 102
55. Design for a Particular Task (Don’t Generalize) Page 103
56. PowerPoint Development Begins for Macintosh Page 104
57. Explaining the Decision to Develop for Mac First Page 107
58. Cross Development of Mac PowerPoint on Lisa Page 110
59. The Target Environment for Macintosh PowerPoint Page 110
60. Arguments for Leaving Out Features Page 111
61. Sharpening the Focus for PowerPoint 1.0 Page 115
62. Overheads as a Growing Business Market Page 116
63. When I Learned about Overhead vs. 35mm Style Page 118
64. How Overhead Style Differs from 35mm Style Page 120
65. PowerPoint 1.0 Feature Prioritization Page 124
66. Windows 1.0 Ships, with Forethought as an ISV Page 125
67. FileMaker and Other Distractions Page 126
68. Designing to the Limit of Macintosh Capabilities Page 128
69. Forget Earlier Software, Match What Presenters Do Page 130
70. Unsuccessful Competitors Prior to PowerPoint Page 131
71. PowerPoint Fails an Assessment Page 134
72. The PowerPoint Idea Is Leaked, but Misapplied Page 137
73. Resistance Was the Problem, not Espionage Page 140
74. System Requirements for PowerPoint 1.0 Page 141
75. The State of Macintosh at Predicted Shipment Page 143
76. Macintosh Implementation Considerations Page 144
77. The State of Windows at Predicted Shipment Page 147
78. Enlisting Tom Rudkin Page 149
79. Startup Ingenuity for Source Code Control Page 151
80. The PowerPoint Paper Blizzard of 1986 Page 152
81. Invasion of the Xeroids Page 153
82. Problems with Publishing Page 155
83. Apple Gets Interested in Investing Page 158
84. Why We Thought Apple Should Invest Page 160
85. Adding Final Resources for PowerPoint Ship Page 162
86. How PowerPoint Got Its Name Page 163
87. Columbus Becomes the PowerPoint Mascot Page 165
88. The Countdown to First Customer Ship Page 168
89. Apple’s Very First Ever Investment, in PowerPoint Page 169
90. Apple’s Private Side Letter Page 171
91. Microsoft Invites Itself to See PowerPoint Page 172
92. Staffing Up for the PowerPoint Launch Page 173
93. New Manufacturing for PowerPoint Launch Page 174
94. Microsoft’s First Offer to Acquire PowerPoint Page 177
95. The Golden Masters for PowerPoint 1.0 Page 178
96. PowerPoint 1.0 Ships Page 181
97. The Restart is Complete Page 182
PART V: MICROSOFT ACQUISITION OF POWERPOINT. 185
98. Are We Planning for an IPO or an Acquisition? Page 185
99. Progressively Better Offers from Microsoft Page 187
100. How Microsoft Decided to Pursue PowerPoint Page 189
101. Forethought Managers Decide for Acquisition Page 193
102. Reasons Why I Favored Joining Microsoft Page 195
103. Bill Gates Has to Approve Bob Gaskins Page 196
104. Forethought Investors Decide for Acquisition Page 198
105. Final Negotiations on the Microsoft Deal Page 199
106. The Internal Announcement of the Acquisition Page 201
107. Agreeing on the Organization (and No P-Code) Page 204
108. Final Steps to a Definitive Agreement and a Price Page 206
109. The Payout at the Acquisition Page 207
110. The Outcome for People Who Didn’t Get Acquired Page 209
111. What If There Had Been No Acquisition? Page 211
112. Resolution of the Dual Companies Strategy Page 212
113. Did the Dual Strategy Help PowerPoint? Page 214
114. How Much Did the Dual Strategy Cost? Page 217
115. Could the Publishing Business Have Succeeded? Page 218
116. Did the Slow Development of PowerPoint Hurt? Page 220
117. Was PowerPoint Just Luck? How Risky Was It? Page 223
PART VI: POWERPOINT JOINS MICROSOFT. 227
118. Reverse-Acquiring a Senior Management Team Page 227
119. Action Items to Enter Heaven Page 228
120. “We Charge Those People to Talk to Them” Page 230
121. We Avoid Becoming Woroftics Page 231
122. Starting as I Meant to Go On Page 233
123. The Ultimate Resource Page 234
124. “Planning” for All Applications at the Same Time Page 236
125. Don’t Hire Anyone without a Career Path Page 237
126. Our First Microsoft Company Meeting Page 240
127. Our Silicon Valley Holidays Survive Page 241
PART VII: POWERPOINT 2.0. 243
128. First PowerPoint Review with Bill Gates Page 243
129. Design of Color PowerPoint 2.0 for Mac Page 246
130. Including 35mm Style in PowerPoint Page 247
131. How Can 35mm Slides Be Made by Amateurs? Page 250
132. Looking for Genigraphics, and Vice Versa Page 253
133. Genigraphics: First Contact Page 256
134. Immediate Agreement with Genigraphics Page 260
135. Real Work Begins with Genigraphics Page 261
136. A Blind Spot in My Understanding of Genigraphics Page 264
137. Reflections from the Apps Division Staff Retreat Page 268
138. Permanent Home for the Graphics Business Unit Page 270
139. PowerPoint 2.0 for Mac Ships Page 274
140. Print Production for PowerPoint 2.0 Page 278
141. PowerPoint 2.0 Mac Ship Party Page 279
142. Post-Mortem for the Mac PowerPoint 2.0 Schedule Page 280
143. Genigraphics Expands to Europe Page 284
144. PowerPoint First Year Sales Page 285
145. Mike Maples Arrives Page 287
146. My Memo on GBU First Year Results Page 289
147. Excruciatingly Slow Progress at Genigraphics Page 291
148. Bill Gates’s Review of PowerPoint 2.0 for Windows Page 294
149. From Resource Planning Meeting to Re-Org Page 297
150. Genigraphics Sheds its Hardware Business Page 300
151. Bathing in Fountains of Champagne Page 303
152. PowerPoint for Windows 2.0, Then for OS/2 PM Page 305
153. Bill Seeks Tools to Make “Windows 3.0” a Big Hit Page 307
154. PowerPoint Should Skip Windows, Go to OS/2 PM Page 309
155. Tentative Feelers about Windows 3.0 Page 311
156. Bill for Windows vs. Steve for OS/2 PM Page 312
157. PowerPoint for Windows 3.0, not for OS/2 PM Page 313
158. The GBU Building Is Completed Page 316
159. Windows 3.0 Eclipses OS/2 PM at Microsoft Page 319
160. PowerPoint 2.0 Sells Windows 3.0 Page 321
PART VIII: POWERPOINT 3.0. 325
161. Bill Gates’s Early Input on PowerPoint 3.0 Page 325
162. Beginning on PowerPoint 3.0 Page 326
163. PowerPoint 3.0 Drawing Page 327
164. The First Promise of Moving from Diskettes Page 328
165. Even More Travel Is Recommended Page 329
166. Reorganizing For PowerPoint 3.0 Page 331
167. Genigraphics Development in Silicon Valley Page 332
168. A Prototype Conference Room of the Future Page 333
169. Stand By to Repel Boarders Page 335
170. Melinda French Discovers a PowerPoint Feature Page 337
171. PowerPoint Improved the Fonts in Windows 3.1 Page 337
172. Refocusing with Genigraphics Page 342
173. Another Bill Gates Review of PowerPoint 3.0 Page 344
174. Genigraphics’ Enlarged Role in PowerPoint Page 346
175. The Temporarily Successful Story of 3-D Charts Page 347
176. Genigraphics Symbol Library in PowerPoint 3.0 Page 349
177. Real Templates in PowerPoint 3.0 Page 353
178. Not Chiefly … Page 354
179. Incentives to Fix a Problem with Support Page 356
180. Microsoft Office Rears Its Head Page 356
181. Video in PowerPoint 3.0, Despite the Consultant Page 361
182. PowerPoint 3.0 Will Be Hostage to Windows 3.1 Page 363
183. Complexity Grows in the PowerPoint 3.0 Project Page 364
184. My Unsystematic Testing Program Page 368
185. Continued Changes in Genigraphics’ Business Page 369
186. Planning for the Windows 3.1 Announcement Page 370
187. Increasing Development Effort for PowerPoint 3.0 Page 371
188. The World’s First Laptop Video Presentation Page 373
189. A Heavy Company Tax on Shipping Page 375
190. What to Do After PowerPoint 3.0? Page 377
PART IX: LEAVING POWERPOINT. 381
191. My Longstanding Plan to Retire from Microsoft Page 381
192. Finding a Good Time to Leave Page 383
193. Reasons to Be Gloomy Page 384
194. The Mechanics of Leaving Page 386
195. Circumspice Page 388
196. The Superannuated Man Page 389
197. PowerPoint Continues Its Success without Me Page 390
198. Genigraphics Comes to an End Page 391
199. The Strangest PowerPoint Feature Ever Shipped Page 395
200. Where Did All the Competitors Go? Page 397
201. A Microsoft Sand Hill Road Campus Disappears Page 399
202. The Distribution of PowerPoint Returns Page 400
203. How Accurate Were PowerPoint Sales Forecasts? Page 402
204. PowerPoint and GBU Profitability Page 404
PART X: AFTERTHOUGHTS ABOUT POWERPOINT. 407
205. How PowerPoint Took Advantage of “Social” Page 407
206. When Did Video Presentations Become Common? Page 410
207. PowerPoint and the Advancement of Science Page 414
208. Was PowerPoint the First Presentation Program? Page 415
209. Is PowerPoint the Problem, or Is It the Users? Page 416
210. Did PowerPoint Invent “PowerPoint Style”? Page 420
211. Why Have So Many Adopted “PowerPoint Style”? Page 421
212. Showing One Thing and Saying Another Page 423
213. The Transition Away from “Long-Form” Writing Page 425
214. PowerPoint for Startups Page 426
215. PowerPoint and the Military Page 428
216. Famous CEOs Who Banned PowerPoint Page 434
217. Why Didn’t Xerox PARC Invent PowerPoint First? Page 437
218. The “Smartest Acquisition” in 35 Years Page 441
219. PowerPoint Observed in Books Page 443
220. PowerPoint Observed in News Articles Page 444
221. PowerPoint Observed in Dilbert Page 445
222. Why Did PowerPoint Become Popular So Slowly? Page 454
223. You Could Look It Up Page 455
224. PowerPoint Operator Page 457
ABOUT ROBERT GASKINS. 463
REFERENCES. 475
INDEX OF NAMES. 485

The Physical Object

Format
Hardcover
Pagination
xvi; 496
Number of pages
512
Dimensions
23.5 x 15.7 x 3.6 centimeters
Weight
960 grams

ID Numbers

Open Library
OL25418569M
ISBN 10
0985142405
ISBN 13
9780985142407
LCCN
2012936438

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History

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November 13, 2020 Edited by MARC Bot import existing book
June 1, 2014 Edited by Felix Culpa add link for reading copy free online
May 23, 2012 Edited by 173.228.123.21 Edited without comment.
May 10, 2012 Edited by 50.0.136.114 Added new cover
April 30, 2012 Created by 50.0.136.186 Added new book.